• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.95-105
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• 2005

Generally, a modified version of limit equilibrium method can be used to evaluate a slope stability of the geosynthetic reinforced soil slopes. In most cases, resisting effects of geosynthetic reinforcement are dealt with considering an increased shear strength on the potential slip surface. However, it is not clear that the methods satisfy all three equilibrium equations. As we know, the pattern of normal stress distribution along the slip surface is the key factor in calculating the safety factor of slopes. In this study, the new slope stability analysis method in which not only reinforcing effects of geosynthetics can be considered but also all three equilibrium equations can be satisfied was proposed with assuming the normal stress distribution along the slip surface as quadratic curve with horizontal $\chi-coordinate$. A number of illustrative examples, including published slope stability analysis examples for the reinforced and unreinforced soil slopes, loading test of large scale reinforced earth wall and centrifuge model tests on the geotextile reinforced soil slopes, were analyzed. As a result, it is shown that the newly suggested method yields a relatively accurate factor of safety for the reinforced and unreinforced soil slopes.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.215-224
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• 2013

It has been reported that certain ingredients added to cosmetics clog the skin pores and this can cause outbreaks of comedones which are the primary sign of acne leading to inflammatory acne. This research aims to establish objective evaluation criteria for non-comedogenic cosmetics suitable for acne prone skin. The research has been carried out to examine non-comedogenic test performed in foreign clinical institutions and to establish the evaluation method for detecting comedones outbreaks through repetitive closed back-patch test, Also, usability evaluation on face skin is performed additionally to the same subjects. The analysis of the comedones collected through repetitive closed back-patch test confirmed that the test products, moisturizer and sunscreen product, did not cause comedones. These results had no correlation with the analysis result of the comedones collected from face skin or visual evaluation of acne by Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) in face usability test. Additionally, Oil red O staining was performed on the collected comedones specimen for easy distinction of comedones from hair follicle in image analysis. The analysis result of stained specimen showed higher precision than that of non-stained specimen. This study established a new version of non-comedogenic test for cosmetics, whose objectivity and reliability were improved by inclusion of comedones staining step.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.277-293
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• 2008

We conducted a consensual, expansive, and successive study to compare cultural differences and similarities between Korean, Chinese and Japanese's Seasonal Festivals and Foods documentarily. It showed interesting results that the three countries had celebrated with similar meanings, and shared similar events and special foods. Seasonal Festivals happen throughout the year sequentially: the New Year Day, January $15^{th}$(first full moon festival), March $3^{rd}$(double three day), May $5^{th}$(double five day), July $7^{th}$(double seven day) and finally the Year Farewell Festival. While, the festival of a royal birthday of Buddha happens on April $8^{th}$ in both countries: Korea and Japan. There is also one of the big festivals called the harvest moon festival on August $15^{th}$, and this event celebrates with special foods both in Korea and China. On December $23^{th}$, it is a special day for both Chinese and Japanese, but they celebrate the day with different meanings to it. Three countries have a special seasonal event celebrated each other. Koreans have a special event called Sambok to overcome summer with special food during a middle of June to the beginning of July. Chinese have a special event for overcoming winter with soup on December $8^{th}$. Japanese have a special event with rice cake to safety on January $11^{th}$. On these seasonal festivals, it is different to note that two different kinds of calendars are used. The lunar calendar is used by Koreans and Chinese whereas the solar calendar is used by Japanese. Because of the similarity in Buddhism, and agricultural industry, and especially sharing Chinese Characters in words, these three countries have in common in many ways to celebrate Seasonal Festival, and it is very unique custom in the world. Nowadays; however, these traditional events and special foods are changing in more simplified version and almost disappearing in all three countries. Therefore, we suggest that the Seasonal Festivals and Foods should be more emphasized in flourishing and exchanging between Korea, China and Japan.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2006

We have developed a control electronics system for an infrared detector array of KASINICS (KASI Near Infrared Camera System), which is a new ground-based instrument of the Korea Astronomy and Space science Institute (KASI). Equipped with a $512{\times}512$ InSb array (ALADDIN III Quadrant, manufactured by Raytheon) sensitive from 1 to $5{\mu}m$, KASINICS will be used at J, H, Ks, and L-bands. The controller consists of DSP(Digital Signal Processor), Bias, Clock, and Video boards which are installed on a single VME-bus backplane. TMS320C6713DSP, FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array), and 384-MB SDRAM(Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory) are included in the DSP board. DSP board manages entire electronics system, generates digital clock patterns and communicates with a PC using USB 2.0 interface. The clock patterns are downloaded from a PC and stored on the FPGA. UART is used for the communication with peripherals. Video board has 4 channel ADC which converts video signal into 16-bit digital numbers. Two video boards are installed on the controller for ALADDIN array. The Bias board provides 16 dc bias voltages and the Clock board has 15 clock channels. We have also coded a DSP firmware and a test version of control software in C-language. The controller is flexible enough to operate a wide range of IR array and CCD. Operational tests of the controller have been successfully finished using a test ROIC (Read-Out Integrated Circuit).

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.2 s.64
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• pp.293-300
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• 2006

Mr. Miyazaki's heroines tend to be plucky young women who combine guileless decency with tough-mindedness. However, in his the latest film the female character often change herself into wise older women who sometimes serve as foils, sometimes as mother figures. His heroine, Sophie, starts out as a shy girl, but then a curse transforms her into 90-year-old. Her partner is Howl who supports and is supported by Sophie their mutual drawbacks. At first horrified by the change, she comes to embrace it as a liberation from anxiety, fear and self-consciousness, and discovers in herself a new zest for adventure. The castle is surely one of the most extraordinary contraptions to appear on screen recently, more ingenious in its way than the intergalactic armada. It ranges freely from place to place and is also, somehow, in several places at once, its magical front door opening onto different landscapes with the flip of a knob. It is not exactly haunted, but it is nonetheless infused with whimsical and sometimes somber spirits. Sophie, in both her incarnations, joins an impressive sisterhood of Miyazaki heroines, whose version of girl power presents a potent alternative to the mini-machismo that dominates American juvenile entertainment.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.270-285
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• 2005

A joint design scheme is proposed to optimize the up/down scaler and the motion vector estimation module in the transcoder system. The proposed scheme first optimizes the resolution scaler for a fixed motion vector, and then a new motion vector is estimated for the fixed scaler. These two steps are iteratively repeated until they reach a local optimum solution. In the optimization of the scaler, we derive an adaptive version of a cubic convolution interpolator to enlarge or reduce digital images by arbitrary scaling factors. The adaptation is performed at each macroblock of an image. In order to estimate the optimal motion vector, a temporary motion vector is composed from the given motion vectors. Then the motion vector is refined over a narrow search range. It is well-known that this refinement scheme provides the comparable performance compared to the full search method. Simulation results show that a jointly optimized system based on the proposed algorithms outperforms the conventional systems. We can also see that the algorithms exhibit significant improvement in the minimization of information loss compared with other techniques.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.13B no.2 s.105
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• pp.127-132
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• 2006

K-NN (k-Nearest Neighbors), which is a well-known instance-based learning algorithm, simply stores entire training patterns in memory, and uses a distance function to classify a test pattern. K-NN is proven to show satisfactory performance, but it is notorious formemory usage and lengthy computation. Various studies have been found in the literature in order to minimize memory usage and computation time, and NGE (Nested Generalized Exemplar) theory is one of them. In this paper, we propose RPA (Recursive Partition Averaging) and IRPA (Incremental RPA) which is an incremental version of RPA. RPA partitions the entire pattern space recursively, and generates representatives from each partition. Also, due to the fact that RPA is prone to produce excessive number of partitions as the number of features in a pattern increases, we present IRPA which reduces the number of representative patterns by processing the training set in an incremental manner. Our proposed methods have been successfully shown to exhibit comparable performance to k-NN with a lot less number of patterns and better result than EACH system which implements the NGE theory.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.23-35
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• 2006

This work presents o novel method which extract facial region und features from motion picture automatically and controls the 3D facial expression in real time. To txtract facial region and facial feature points from each color frame of motion pictures a new nonparametric skin color model is proposed rather than using parametric skin color model. Conventionally used parametric skin color models, which presents facial distribution as gaussian-type, have lack of robustness for varying lighting conditions. Thus it needs additional work to extract exact facial region from face images. To resolve the limitation of current skin color model, we exploit the Hue-Tint chrominance components and represent the skin chrominance distribution as a linear function, which can reduce error for detecting facial region. Moreover, the minimal facial feature positions detected by the proposed skin model are adjusted by using edge information of the detected facial region along with the proportions of the face. To produce the realistic facial expression, we adopt Water's linear muscle model and apply the extended version of Water's muscles to variation of the facial features of the 3D face. The experiments show that the proposed approach efficiently detects facial feature points and naturally controls the facial expression of the 3D face model.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.1142-1154
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• 2009

The brand new type of mobile terminal services are kept being introduced in accordance with the development of mobile communication technology. Among many kinds of mobile application services, the PoC application standard which is using instant messaging service and group calls method with the existing walkie-talkie technology has been finished as the version 1.0 after tremendously active discussion and is being continued to be confirmed as 2.0 and 2.1. The PoC Box, which is discussed for replacing the PoC client and intermediate object as a voice messaging box, is currently being introduced and the biggest issues for PoC Box technology topics include the part of saved informations' processing and effective multimedia contents' transmission in the PoC Box system. In this research, we propose that the PaC client could effectively transmit the media to the end-user by specifying the playback location or range, focusing on the contents and the methods of dynamic controlling for saved media in PoC Box. This paper deals with the way of dynamic controlling method using the RTSP which is appropriate for PoC Box and the effective method for generation, expression, processing of various multimedia contents including audio and video objects.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.114-123
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• 2007

As a promising technology that enables ubiquitous computing and will lead the information technology industries of the next generation, the new field of sensor networks is one of the most active research topics today. From now on, each node, the network formation, and even the sensor network itself will interact with the generic network and evolve dynamically according to environmental changes, in a process of continual creation and extinction. In this paper, we propose a address-Internetworking scheme for interactive networking between a sensor network and the Internet based on the TCP port-numbers. The proposed scheme enables internetworking between a sensor network address scheme based on Zigbee and the Internet address scheme based on the Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6). We implement the proposed address-Internetworking scheme using Berkeley TinyOS, Mica Motes, and IP. In addition we verify the proposed scheme by an interconnection experiment, which involves wireless sensor networks and the Internet, using IPv4/IPv6.