• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2004

This paper presents a general overview of the Korean stick-held dip net fishery for Pacific saury operated in the North Pacific Ocean since 1985. Annual catches, annual centroids distribution of fishing ground, and optimum fishing temperatures were compared between the periods before and after the new Korea-Japan bilateral fishery arrangement established in 1998. Fishing usually began in May and ended by December, during which major catches were taken in the months September~November before the bilateral fishery arrangement between Korea and Japan, whereas in August~October after the arrangement. It was observed that after the arrangement the centroids of fishing ground was shifted from the usual fishing area off the east coast of Japan to the east of South Kuril Islands, 45$^{\circ}$N and 151$^{\circ}$E. Optimum fishing temperatures appeared to be different by month ; 12.5~14.4$^{\circ}C$ in May, 12.0~14.2$^{\circ}C$ in June, 11.4~13.9$^{\circ}C$ in July, 11.4~15.9$^{\circ}C$ in August, 12.9~16.9$^{\circ}C$ in September, 12.7~17.3$^{\circ}C$ in October, 13.1~17.6$^{\circ}C$ in November, and 15.0~19.1$^{\circ}C$ in December. A total of 13 species were caught during scientific observation periods but the target species, Pacific saury, accounted for about 99.9% of the total catch. Although there was no difference in fishing days between those vessels equipped with the sonar and those without sonar, number of set, total catch, and CPUE of those with sonar were higher than those without sonar by 13%, 26%, and 12%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.105-108
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• 1993

A new devised conductivity meter was used in the rapid and convenient determination of salt contents of soysauce and margarine. The equation $(1){\sim}(5)$ was set up between the electric conductivity (x) for 100 times diluted solution of soysauce and the salt contents (y). y=0.083x-1.253 $(at\;15^{\circ}C)$ (1) y=0.077x-2.062 $(at\;20^{\circ}C)$ (2) y=0.071x-2.686 $(at\;25^{\circ}C)$ (3) y=0.066x-3.153 $(at\;30^{\circ}C)$ (4) y=0.062x-3.522 $(at\;35^{\circ}C)$ (5) y=(-0.001139t+0.0999)x+(-0.126t+0.557) $(temperature\;range;\;15{\sim}35^{\circ}C)$ (6) y=salt contents [%], x=conductivity $[{\mu}{\Omega}^{-1}{\cdot}cm^{-1}]$, $t=temp.\;[^{\circ}C]$. The salt contents could be estimated by the equation $(1){\sim}(6)$ and the measured conductivity. The estimated salt contents agreed with that determined by conventional method within 0.27[%] as salt contents. For margarine, the equation (7) was setup between the conductivity (x) and the salt contents (y) y=0.00266x+0.057 $(at\;20^{\circ}C)$ (7) y=salt contents [%], x=conductivity $[{\mu}{\Omega}^{-1}{\cdot}cm^{-1}]$ The salt contents estimated with the equation (7) and the measured condutivity agreed with that determined by conventional method within 0.028[%] as salt contents. The electric conductivity obtained with conductivity meter could be a valuable criteria salt contents test of Korean soysauce and margarine determining in a few second or minute by handy compact portable meter.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.785-792
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• 2006

The characteristics of alcohol fermentation using sweet persimmon juice were studied in static fermentation in an effort to develop new types of functional wine. The yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCCM 12650 was selected for use in the fermentation of sweet persimmon juice. Attempts were made to modify the sweet persimmon juice in order to find suitable conditions for alcohol fermentation. The modified sweet persimmon juice (pH 4.0) that was most suitable for alcohol fermentation contained $24^{\circ}Brix$ of sugar supplemented with sucrose as a carbon source and 0.5 g/L of $(NH_4)_2HPO_4$ as a nitrogen source. After 5 days of fermentation at $25^{\circ}C$, 12.8% of alcohol was produced from the modified juice and its pH was slightly decreased to 3.9. Browning of the wine was observed during storage due to the oxidation of phenolic compounds. The initial browning of 0.08% at $OD_{420}$ after fermentation increased to 0.40 during storage for 11 weeks at room temperature. The addition of $K_2S_2O_5$ was effective in delaying the browning of the wine. The browning of the wine decreased to 0.25 at $OD_{420}$ with the addition of 200 mg/L of $K_2S_2O_5$. The wine produced in this study contained some organic acids such as malic acid (6.82% g/L) and succinic acid (1.40 g/L), some minerals such as $K^+$ (947.8 mg/L) and $Mg^{2+}$ (36.4 mg/L), as well as soluble phenolics (779 mg/L of gallic acid equivalent). Schisandra fruit was added to the sweet persimmon juice during alcohol fermentation in order to improve the sour taste and flavor. The best sensory quality (taste, flavor, and color) was obtained by adding 0.5% schisandra fruit.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.83-86
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• 2010

Purpose: The Molybdenum which is the raw material of $^{99}Mo$-$^{99m}Tc$ generator (generator) is produced from the nuclear reactor. However, output has dwindled as the two nuclear reactors supplying the bulk of radioactive material-one in Chalk River, Ontario and the other in Petten, the Netherlands-have been closed for repairs or maintenance. This resulted in the enhancement of its price. Therefore we have tried to seek the new method which could run generator to increase activity of $^{99m}Tc$ in this study. Materials and Methods: The $^{99m}Tc$ activity obtained from 5 times elution for 5 days from Monday to Friday using two generators was compared with 10 times elution. Appearance test, pH test, LAL test, sterility test, chemical impurity(Al) test, radio chemical purity test, ratio of $^{99}Mo$/$^{99m}Tc$ activity test have been done to check the stability of $^{99m}Tc$ eluting from generator respectively. Results: The $^{99m}Tc$ activity obtained from 5 times elution for 5 days was 168.2 GBq (4545 mCi) and 10 times was 230.5 GBq (6230 mCi). All quality control tests were within normal limit. Conclusion: We got to know that 2 times elution a day obtained more $^{99m}Tc$ activity than one time elution in this study.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.71-76
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• 2015

Developed countries have set seed industry as a new growth engine, which demands strong support from the government. Multinational seed companies such as Monsanto and DuPont have made huge financial investment to secure their major roles in the global market. To spur domestic seed industry performance, Korean government laid out the foundation for developing seed industry through policy promotion in the late 2000s. In this paper, I look at the current state of the domestic and international seed market to provide information for improving the efficiency of the propulsion of the Golden Seed Project (GSP) along with its vision. The increasing size of global giant companies has been regarded to monopolize the world seed industry wherein ten renowned companies occupy 73% of the overall global market. In effect, this causes a price hike due to limited seed choices. Domestic seed market has been stuck in a range due to a sustained low agricultural production resulting in decreased seed demand and market size. Though breeding technologies for rice and vegetables are world-class, the technologies for top global crops such as cabbage, paprika, and forage are insufficient therefore professionals in this field are not easily employed. Moreover, there is a lack in appropriate infrastructure set up in the universities which adds to ineffective training of professionals. Being a key-supporting industry for agriculture, seed industry should be granted with strong and sustainable investment support from the government. In view thereof, GSP, which started in 2012, ambitions to spur researches outlined by excellent professionals in universities and seed companies aimed to drive seed export volume and quality and attain domestic seed self-sufficiency through adoption of export- and import-substitution seed types (10 varieties each) development strategies. To develop Korea's seed industry excellent achievement of GSP's goals should be drawn successfully and to do this beside development of high quality seeds, support programs for promotion of seed exports are also needed.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.81-95
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• 2006

In order to investigate the possibility of waste logs after oak mushroom production as a source of an alternative energy and to obtain the fundamental data of supercritical water hydrolysis that has been paid attention as a new saccharification method of lignocellulosics, supercritical water hydrolysis of normal log woods (Quercus acutissima Carruth) and waste logs was carried out. With the increase of reaction time and temperature, the color of the degradation products has been dark and the degradation rate and the crystalline index increased. However the increase of reaction pressure affected the color of the degradation products and the degradation rate at only low reaction temperature. In the early stage of the reaction, the degradation of hemicellulose was progressed, while in the late stage, the cellulose was degraded. The increase of reaction time and reaction temperature (less than $415^{\circ}C$) improved the sugar yield, while at high temperature(more than $415^{\circ}C$), the sugar yield was decreased. Based on the result of the sugar yield, the optimal hydrolysis condition of Q. acutissima Carruth by supercritical water was determined to be $415^{\circ}C$, 60 seconds and 230 pressure bar with the sugar yield of 2.68% (w/w). At the optimal condition, the supercritical water hydrolysis of waste logs after the mushroom production was carried out and the sugar yield was increased to 358% (w/w). The major degradation products of waste logs by supercritical water hydrolysis were 1,1'-oxybis-benzene and 1,2-benzendicarboxylic acid by the GC-MS analysis. At the reaction condition with low degradation rate, the fatty acids such as pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-heptadecanoic acid were identified. With the increase of the reaction temperature and time, the amounts of phenol and benzene were increased, but the reaction pressure did not affect the kinds of degradation products. Holocellulose content was 60.6~79.2% in the water insoluble residue and the monosaccharide yield of the water insoluble residue was 49.2~675% by the acid hydrolysis. The monosaccharide yield of water-soluble portion was increased largely by the second hydrolysis using dilute acid.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.425-433
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• 1998

The characteristics of the reaction of calcium carbonate $(CaCO_3)$ immobilized with alginate as buffer system for the high concentration cultivation of bifidobacteria in fermenter are described by the mathematical model, and tested for the reusing possibility of the used $CaCO_3$ beads. When$CaCO_3$ beads with the various diameters were reacted in 0.1 M of the mixed organic acids (0.6 M of acetic acid and 0.4 M lactic acid) and in fermenter inoculated Bifidobacterium longum ATCC 15707, the change of bead diameters can be calculated with the amount of the decreased $CaCO_3$ from the surface of bead using the mathematical model. These values was similar to the directly measured bead diameter by a micrometer. Therefore, it was considered that the mathematical model could be used for explaining the reaction charateristics of the $CaCO_3$ bead reacted with the organic acids. When Bifidobacterium longum was incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 20 hours in fermenter with $CaCO_3$ beads, the buffering effect of $CaCO_3$, the reduce rate of the bead diameter, and the growth rate of Bifidobacterium longum were higher at the smaller beads than beads with the larger diameters. Also, when Bifidobacterium longum was incubated in fermenter with the mixed beads which were added new beads to the recovered beads in order to equalize with the total surface area of initial beads, the buffering effect of $CaCO_3$ bead and the growth rate of Bifidobacterium longum were very corresponded with the results of the fermentation using the only initial beads. Therfore, it is expected that the used beads can be reused by adding the initial beads.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.14-34
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• 1985

One of the techniques for altering the properties of wood that has received considerable attention in the last twenty years is the formation of a wood-polymer composite (WPC) by irradiation and heat-catalyst polymerization of a monomer incorporated into the wood matrix. Wood-polymer composites are the new products having the superior mechanical and physical properties and the combinated characteristics of wood and plastic. The purpose of this experiment was to obtain the basic data for the improvement of wooden materials by manufacturing WPC and Staypak. The species examined was Hyunsasi-Namoo (Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa) which had not been utilized yet. Methylmethacrylate (MMA) as monomer, benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator and methyl alcohol as bulking agent were used. The monomer containing BPO was impregnated into wood pieces by the dipping and the vacuum process for 2 hours. After impregnation, the treated samples were polymerized on the hot press with pressure and heat-catalyst methods. The results obtained were summarized as follows 1. The monomer loading into wood by the dipping process was 12.13 percent and 29.99 percent by the vacuum. The polymer loading into wood by the dipping process was 6.79 percent and 15.44 percent by the vacuum. 2. Comparing with Staypak, antishrink efficiency (ASE) of WPC was 12.5 to 13.6 percent on the radial direction and 14.70 to 18.63 percent on the tangential. Antiswelling efficiency (AE) was 14.40 to 17.22 percent on the radial direction and 17.18 to 42.1 8 to 42.14 percent on the tangential. Reduction in water absorptivity (RWA) was 8.19 to 15.5 percent. As a whole, the vacuum process was better than the dipping. 3. The specific gravity of control, Staypak and WPC were 0.44, 0.66 and 0.61 to 0.62, respectively. 4. In the bending strength test, the strength in case that the load direction is on the radial surface was greater than that which the load direction is on the tangential. 5. Increasing rate of stress at proportional limit in compression perpendicular to grain was 72.26 percent in case of WPC by the dipping process, 78.93 percent by the vacuum and 99.09 percent in case of Staypak.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.3-16
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• 1974

One of the disadvantages of. wood and wood products is their hydroscopicity or dimensional instability. This is responsible for the loss of green volume of lumber as seasoning degrade. Dimensional stabilization is needed to substantially reduce seasoning defects and degrades and for increasing the serviceability of wood products. Recently, considerable world-wide attention has been drawn to the so-called Wood-Plastic Composites by irradiation-and heat-catalyst-polymerization methods and many research and developmental works have been reported. Wood-Plastic Composites are the new products having the superior mechanical and physical properties and the combinated characteristics of wood and plastic. The purpose of this experiment was to obtain the basic data for the improvement of wooden materials by manufacturing WPC. The species examined were Mulpurae-Namoo (Fraxinus, rhynchophylla), Sea-Namoo (Carpinus laxiflora), Cheungcheung-Namoo (Cornus controversa), Gorosae-Namoo (Acermono), Karae-Namoo(Juglans mandshurica) and Sanbud-Namoo (Prunus sargentii), used as blocks of type A ($3{\times}3{\times}40cm$) and type B ($5{\times}5{\times}60cm$), and were conditioned to about 10~11% moisture content before impregnation in materials humidity control room. Methyl methacrylate (MMA) as monomer and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator are used. The monomer containing BPO was impregnated into wood pieces in the vacuum system. After impregnation, the treated samples were polymerized with heat-catalyst methods. The immersed weights of monomer in woods are directly proportionated to the impregnation times. Monomer impregnation properties of Cheungcheung-Namoo, Mulpurae-Namoo and Seo-Namoo are relatively good, but in Karae-Namoo, it is very difficult to impregnate the monomer MMA. Fig. 3 shows the linear relation between polymer retentions in wood and polymerization times; that is, the polymer loadings are increasing with polymerization times. Furthermore species, moisture content, specific gravity and anatomical or conductible structure of wood, bulking solvents and monomers etc have effects on both of impregnation of monomer and polymer retention. Physical properties of treated materials are shown in table 3. Increasing rates of specific gravity are ranged 3 to 24% and volume swelling 3 to 10%. ASE is 20 to 46%, AE 14 to 50% and RWA 18 to 40%. Especially, the ASE in relation to absorption of liquid water increases approximately with increase of polymer content, although the bulking effect of the polymerization of monomer may also be influential. WPCs from Mulpurae-Namoo and Cheungcheung-Namoo have high dimensional stability, while its of Karae-Namoo and Seo-Namoo are-very low. Table 4 shows the mechanical properties of WPCs from 6 species. With its specific gravity and polymer loading increase, all mechanical properties are on the increase. Increasing rate of bending strength is 10 to 40%, compression strength 25 to 70%, ;impact bending absorbed energy 4 to 74% and tensile strength 18 to 56%. Mulpurae-Namoo and Cheungcheung-Namoo with high polymer content have considerable high increasing rate of strengths. But incase of Karae-Namoo with inferior monomer impregnation it is very low. Polymer retention in cell wall is 0.32 to 0.70%. Most of the polymer is accumulated in cell lumen. Effective. of polymer retention is 58.59% for Mulpurae-Namoo, 26.27% for Seo-Namoo, 47.98% for Cheungcheung-Namoo, 25.64% for Korosae-Namoo, 9.96% for Karae-Namoo and 25.84% for Sanbud-Namoo.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.132-136
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• 2009

Purpose: WHO(world health organization) announced the FRAX Tool(fracture risk assessment) of new software in the beginning of 2008. FRAX Tool was considered various risk factor, being different from existing fracture risk. In this study, we wanted to know the fracture risk of following the changing of the risk factor of fracture. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 women aged 50~60 were studied. We measured BMD at the part of femur neck which was based on the age, weight, height of individual with GE, Lunar-prodigy. The control group is fracture risk without considering fracture risk factor. The experimental group is previous fracture, parent fracture, current smoking, glucocorticoid, rheumatoid arthritis, secondary osteoporosis, alcohol. if each items makes one 'existence', others are all 'nothing'. and the results produced major osteoporotic region and hip fracture risk in 10-years. Statistics used t-test of SPSS 12.0. Results: The average rate of increment of major osteoporotic region between control group and experimental group, previous fracture-74% increase, parent fracture-96% increase, current smoking-2% increase, glucocorticoid-61% increase, rheumatoid arthritis-29% increase, alcohol-20% increase, secondary osteoporosis-0.18% decrease. The average rate of increment of hip region between control group and experimental group, previous fracture-84% increase, parent fracture-5% increase, current smoking-72% increase, glucocorticoid-84% increase, rheumatoid arthritis-40% increase, alcohol-52% increase, secondary osteoporosis-1.69% decrease. Conclusions: Each fracture risk factor has different rate of increment between major osteoporotic and hip region while in occasion of the second osteoporosis it has little relation because of low P-value. We could know that a contribution of the risk factor is different between major osteoporotic and hip region.