• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1139-1143
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• 2002

Analysis of lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) is of clinical importance as they can serve a potential marker for ovarian and other gynecological cancers and obesity. It is critically important to develop a highly sensitive and specific method for the early detection of gynecological cancers to improve the overall outcome of this disease. We have established a novel quantification method of LPAs in human plasma by negative ionization tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode without the conventional TLC step. Protein-bound lipids, LPAs in plasma were extracted with methanol : chloroform (2:1) containing LPA C14:0 as an internal standard under acidic condition. Following back extraction with chloroform and water, the centrifuged lower phase was evaporated and reconstituted in methanol. The reconstituted solution was directly injected into electrospray source of MS/MS. For MRM mode, Q1 ions selected were m/z 409, 433, 435, 437 and 457 which corresponds to molecular mass [M-H]- of C16:0, C18:2, C18:1, C18:0 and C20:4 LPA, respectively. Q2 ions selected for MRM were m/z 79, phosphoryl product. Using MS/MS with MRM mode, all the species of LPAs were completely separated from plasma matrix without severe interferences. This method allowed simultaneous detection and quantification of different species of LPAs in a plasma over a linear dynamic range of 0.01-25 ㎛olL-1 . The detection limit of the method was 0.3 pmol/mL, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9983 in most LPAs analyzed. When applied to the plasmas of normal and gynecological cancer patients, this new method differentiated two different groups by way of total LPA level.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.841-848
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to explore what factors influenced users using smartphones in their decision making. In this study, intimacy/personal connectivity, use/dependence, familiarity/professionalism, efficacy/effectiveness, self-identity, control, etc. were set as independent variables and decision-making as dependent variables. In this study, 200 smartphone users were collected and analyzed through a questionnaire, and a nonlinear analysis method using WarpPLS software was utilized to identify the effects between variables. As a result, this study confirmed that factors in smart phone ownership (SPO) could affect individual decision-making and identify that users' psychological factors in the use of smart devices would be directly related to the outcome of decision-making. Through this, it is possible to understand the development of future industries and the acceptability of users using smart devices. and will be meaningful research in tourism, new product development, or continuous brand development.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1126-1126
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• 2001

The paper presented here is the initial part of a larger study, in which it was determined which quality parameters in cheese powder could already be predicted by NIR at an early stage in the process and which could only be predicted at the final stages of the process. This initial study was performed in order to establish the levels and nature of variation within and between batches such that the subsequent data collection could be tackled optimally. The perspectives evolved into more than was originally planned and revealed some interesting uses of NIR-technology. Cheese powder production starts as a batch process, where waste cheese from other dairies is melted down in a vat. The process then turns into a continual process as the vat is emptied and the melted cheese is then filtered, homogenized, pasteurized and finally spray dried. Between each batch the powder is to a greater or lesser degree a mixture of 2 batches. This paper is divided into 2 aspects, one regarding the optimization of sampling time and the other is a study of process dynamics. Optimizing sampling time This initial study included 9 powder samples from 9 different batches produced during one day. The raw materials for the batches were chosen with the aim of creating a relatively high level of variation in the data. The total of 81 samples were taken out at regular intervals and spectra were collected on a NIR-systems 6500 instrument. The subsequent reduction of the data by PCA to score values shows the power of NIR as a tool to determine not only when samples are representative of a certain batch, but also which batches are stable enough to include in a further study. Studying process dynamics To take this experiment a step further 1 of the 81 samples were sent to the laboratory for further analyses. The samples were chosen on the criteria that they covered the spectral variation in the dataset. These samples were analysed for 4 chemical components and 5 physical attributes, which are essential for describing the quality of the product. The latent structure of the 7 samples, using the chemical and physical variables, is totally comparable to the latent structure of the NIR spectra. This outcome makes it possible to describe the dynamics of one day's production both chemically and physically with relatively little resources. Additionally it raises the question as to whether reference values are needed, as the latent structure of the NIR-spectra appears to be sufficient in providing information on the quality of the product. To be able to use NIR in this way would require defining quality limits in the principal component space as opposed to each of the reference values. The potential of NIR applied in an explorative fashion with batch processes opens a whole new gateway for the use of this technology. This study explains yet again after so many years in the field “why I'm crazy about NIR!”.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.408-422
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• 2021

In this study, the relationship between trust and purchase intention, which is an outcome variable, was empirically verified by discovering the trust-forming factors of anti-aging products and developing measurement variables. In addition to the existing trust-forming factors such as perceived quality, perceived reputation, brand recognition, and customization, a newly discovered factor is 'accredited certification'. Since the anti-aging industry in Korea is an industry that directly affects consumer health, it was determined that the existing trust-forming factors had limitations in building consumer trust, and a new measure was discovered. This study conducted a survey on anti-aging product consumers and analyzed the solidity and relationship of the questions. As a result of the analysis, it was found that perceived quality, brand recognition, customization, and accredited certification among the anti-aging product trust-forming factors had a positive (+) effect on trust, and perceived reputation had a negative (-) effect on trust. appeared to affect It was found that there was a positive (+) effect between trust and purchase intention, which are the trailing variables. This study proved the meaningful relationship between trust-forming factors and trust by strategically developing and empirically and practically examining meaningful and effective trust-forming factors and measurement items. At the same time, this study is expected to significantly contribute to the establishment of marketing strategies related to anti-aging products in the future by discovering key factors for forming trust that are important for marketing in the anti-aging industry.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2010

The retail business of drugstore was introduced to Korea for the first time 10 years ago. Since Olive Young introduced a retail store in the name of drugstore in 1999 for the first time in Korea, new distribution channel combining drugstore, cosmetic products and dairy products, etc has been made. At initial stage, the new distribution channel grew up slowly because of low specialty and economic stagnation. However, the three big distribution channels, that is to say, Olive Young (CJ), Watsons (GS) and W Store (Kolon Well Care), etc, were established to produce new distribution system following large-scaled discount stores as well as convenience stores. The purpose of the study is to investigate ways making Korean style drugstore be new retail business in addition to traditional markets, department stores, E-Mart and other general super markets and to examine problems preventing the drugstore from being promoted and to find out solutions. The speciality retailers that is called a category killer attacking department stores as well as marts is expanding market quickly. New consumption trend that gives priority to wellbeing is being expanded in accordance with high level of standards of living life: The drugstore is thought to be new alternative of distribution because it keeps special products. Young ladies who are main customers of drugstores respond to the trend sensitively to have more buying power that is thought to be promising. And, consumers' desire has become concrete and special. This is because consumers want not only convenient shopping but also special shopping system that is current trend. These days, so called Multi-shop and Total shop and other special shops have been recently opened. Special multi-shop has been concentrated on fashion product and miscellaneous goods so far: Health total wellbeing shop shall be popular in accordance with wellbeing trends. Drugstores can play an important role. Drugstores were opened for the first time ten years ago. In particular, Olive Young succeeded in going into the black after making efforts for a long time by many persons. Drugstores could succeed in the business owing to many persons in the past as well as customers who liked drugstores. However, drugstores once lost ways and recorded poor business results. The three drugstores, that is to say, Olive Young, Watsons making efforts to go into the black and W-Store pursuing traditional drugstore shall compete each other and make effort to satisfy customers' desire. In that way, the three drugstores can be assured of present business as well as future business. The consumers' demand trend has become special at sub-division so that drugstores that can satisfy the demand can succeed in the business. Large businesses may be more interested in the 4th generation retail business to produce good income and to have bright future. Drugstore business and market are likely to expand and develop owing to large business' participation in drugstore business. Drugstores expanded shop at Seoul and Gyeonggi-do until middle of 2000. Drugstore business at station sphere in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do that have high ratio of temporary population has low customer loyalty to have limitation on continuous growth. Since 2009, drugstores have opened new shops at local towns: From the year of 2010, drugstores need to establish multiple shop strategy by accelerating business speed and to allow customers to drop in the shop anywhere in the nation and to enter consumers' life deeply, so that they can strengthen business base definitely. Drugstores need to have price competitiveness to have multiple shop opening strategy and to satisfy consumers and to supply high quality services that is future subject to solve. And, Olive Young and Watsons that are Korean style drugstore need to keep system in order and to strengthen substance as Korean style drugstore and to expand marketing, so that they can get business outcome within 5 years that was done 10 years before and they become the 4th generation retail business. The study had difficulties at collecting material from the three drugstore because of poor cooperation. And, the author had great difficulty at collecting statistical material that was made in disorder. Further effort is needed considering such problems.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.805-814
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• 2007

To offer R&D infrastructure on geoscience and mineral resources area, a new project was launched in KIGAM to build-up of a 'Ready-Operational Physical Properties Laboratory'. In this study, we evaluate the economic impact of the concentration of physical properties measurements equipment and facilities in KIGAM. As centralization of physical properties measurements of earth samples, the direct effects, annual measurement cost reduction and equipment opportunity cost are expected 1,095 million Won (US$1.095 million) and 1,440 million Won (US$1.440 million) in present aspects, and 1,110 million Won (US$1.110 million) and 1,527 million Won (US$1.527 million) in future aspects. The indirect economic effect by increasing of the relative papers is estimated 7,524 million Won (US$7.524 million) by the input cost approach, and the contributions of gross domestic product are 8,010 billion Won (US$8.010 billion) in the heavy construction industry and 260 billion Won (US$0.260 billion) in the mining and quarrying industry.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.459-466
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• 2010

Recently, UCC, which stands for User Created Content, has emerged in various media industries including Internet. However, there exists little research regarding interaction to overcome the drawback of UCC, one way superficial form. In particular, little research has been done on the creation and effect of experiential UCC type. In the existing research, the interactive feature shows to bring the effectiveness in the field of education or promotion. So, in this study, we examine the problem of provider-centered UCC and to solve this problem, we propose a new experiential UCC form with interactive functionality by adapting the product test between UCCs. From the results of the analysis on the effectiveness of UCC after users experience the proposed UCC related to water industry, watching the interactive UCC represented the values of the higher levels in the aspect of recognition change than watching the existing UCCs. Also, the outcome showed that if this interactive UCC invigorates, UCC application will be very useful in eduction, industry, and promotion. From the analysis of the question instrument on whether an interactive UCC would be helpful or not, the positive response ratios was 84% in promotion, 70% in education, and 52% in industry, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2020

Light Naphtha is distillated from crude oil unit and separated into the methane, ethylene and propylene by boiling point difference in sequence. This separation is conducted using a series of binary-like columns. This separation method is known that the energy consumed in the reboiler is used to separate the heaviest components and most of this energy is discarded as vapor condensation in the overhead cooler. In this study, the first two columns of the separation process are replaced with the Petlyuk column. A structural design was exercised by the stage computation with ideal tray efficiency in equilibrium condition. Compared with the performance of a conventional system of 3-column model, The design outcome shows that the procedure is simple and efficient because the composition of the liquid component in the column tray was designed to be similar to the equilibrium distillation curve. The performance of the new process indicates that an energy saving of 12.1% is obtained and the cost savings of 44 million won per day based on gross domestic product is reduced under same total number of trays and the initial investment cost is saved.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.95-104
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• 2004

Creativity is a important keyword for users as well as for main design organization who needs it. But little attention has been given to the aspect of user's creativity, also there has been a few attempt to apply it into design development until now. Nowadays in design areas, user's experiences and actions are changing the passive states receiving meanings into the active states creating meanings voluntarily. It is resonable to suppose that creative stage is important for users and they have the possibility of new ideas of uses and creating new productions. User's experiences of objects includes that of being formed or supported previously and that of voluntary interpretations acquired for himself, which it may be the possibilities predicted in design process or unknown user's action areas. It is likely that creative use process by themselves are the actions applied and deviated from usability and function by main design organization, also creative productions are arranged and made by users. These have a scope of examination and research in probability that is occurs frequently in user. In this research, approaching with a term, 'User gestures', User gestures are the characteristic action areas based on user's voluntary behaviors, where are revealed a unessential and non-operational function as a action itself and various transformation and creation of products as a outcome of action. This fact proves clearly that user gestures have a worth of alive spectrum to observe aspects of user culture and could be a attractive approach to seek easily new design concept for designer and developer. A further direction of this study will be following areas, Ethnography methods research of user gestures, Cultural research to phenomenon of user design and UGSBD(User gesture scenario based design) research. And it seems probable that they are applied in design development as follows, User initiative customization products, User participatory recycling products and creativity-experience design.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.17-23
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• 2010

The Banking industry is expanding rapidly. To keep the competitive advantages, participating companies concentrate their resource to provide the distinguishable services by increasing the service quality. This study is to find that how three kinds of service quality(process, output, and service environment) affect on the customer satisfaction. In this paper, WPCSI (Weighted Potential Customer Satisfaction Index) was developed using Kano model and PCSI. Kano's model of service quality classification was used to improve customer satisfaction, customer satisfaction index was calculated. Customer satisfaction index was calculated using the existing potential for improving customer satisfaction index (PCSI Index) to complement the limitations of the weighted potential improve customer satisfaction index (WPCSI) were used. Analysis using PCSI improve the quality of service levels may be useful in assessing. However, this figure is a marginal degree of importance on customers and quality characteristics have been overlooked but has its problems. A service provided to customers with some important differences depending on the interpretation of the scope for improvement is to be classified. In other words, the level of customer satisfaction and the satisfaction of the current difference between the comparison factor for the company to provide information about the priority of the improvement was not significant. Companies are also considered important that the customer does not consider the uniform quality of service provided can be fallible. In this study, the weighted potential to improve it improve customer satisfaction index (WPCSI) proposed a new customer satisfaction index. This is for customers to recognize the importance of quality characteristics by weighting factors, to identify practical and improved priority to provide more useful information than has been. Weighted potentially improve customer satisfaction index (WPCSI) presented in this study by the customers aware of the importance of considering the quality factor is an exponent. The results, 'Employees' working ability', 'provided the desired service level', 'staff to handle this task quickly enough' to the customer of the factors had significant effects on satisfaction are met. On the other hand 'aggressiveness on the product description of employees', 'service environment as a whole, beautiful enough to' meet and shows no significant difference between satisfaction. But 'aggressiveness on the product description of employees' and reverse (逆) were attributable to the quality. Small dogs and overly aggressive products that encourage the customer dissatisfaction that can result in widening should be careful because the quality factor can be said. As a result, WPCSI is more effect to find critical factors which can affect customer satisfaction than PCSI. After that, we discuss effects and advantages of customer satisfaction using WPCSI. This study, along with these positive aspects, the limitations are implied. First, this study directly to the bank so that I could visit any other way for customers, utilizing the Internet or mobile to take advantage of the respondents were excluded from the analysis. Second, in survey questionnaires can help improve understanding of the measures will be taken. In addition to the survey targeted mainly focused on Seoul, according to a sample, so sampling can cause problems is the viscosity revealed intends.