• 농촌계획
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2018

This study aims to offer base line data for efficient conflicts control measures by first, analyzing the current situation of the regional comprehensive development project and second, identifying level, type and cause of the conflicts appeared during the development business promotion. For this purpose, theoretical side of this study establishes a basic frame by reviewing the existing researches in order to analyze the characteristics of the conflicts between the participation subjects in the development business, and the empirical side conducts survey and analysis on the awareness on these conflicts. As a result of the analysis, the survey revealed the followings. First, the respondents were aware of the overall promotions of the business quite positively, second, the conflicts were considered as a major obstacle against the development project promotion just as the other negative factors, third, majority of the responses on the seriousness of the conflicts were neutral which meant that the conflicts could be deepened by situations, fourth, most respondents had positive recognition on the needs of conflict control training and its effectiveness, and last but not least, most respondents of the survey revealed their intentions to take parts in trouble shooting from the conflicts. Based on the results above, we were able to extract several elements to consider preparing the countermeasures for the conflicts. First, specific plan should be arranged and institutionalized in order to control the conflicts between the residents at the initial stage of the development business or even before. Second, the specific plan must lower its threshold for easy participation of the residents in that region and make the residents main body of the conflict control. Third, enhanced conflict control education must be provided to the residents of the region where comprehensive development plan is in progress or being prepared.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2018

This study aimed at determining the current knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of layer and pig farmers to antimicrobial usage and its consequences. Description of such KAP could provide insights useful for promoting the rational use of antimicrobials in livestock. From May 2014 to February 2016, a survey involving 251 respondents in Chiang Mai, Lamphun, and Chonburi provinces, Thailand, was conducted by using a validated questionnaire. More than half (51.0%) of the respondents incorrectly believed that antimicrobial drug efficacy could not be reduced by using sub-recommended dosages, 61.2% had misconceptions about non-therapeutic antimicrobial use, and 66.9% inaccurately felt that antimicrobials were also effective for virus and fungi. Over half (50.6-55.2%) did not see the need to follow instructions or advice of veterinarians. Moreover, only 10.4% regularly relied on responses to drugs sensitivity tests when evaluating the effectiveness of antimicrobials. Overall, assessment of KAP regarding antimicrobial usage indicated that the majority of respondents had low levels of knowledge of antimicrobials, neutral rather than positive attitudes, and employed poor practices in the use of antimicrobials. The results indicate improvements in KAP could be helpful in developing more effective interventions by farmers, reduce antibiotic usage, and slow the growth of antimicrobial resistance.

• 분석과학
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.675-682
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• 1995

Thin films of buckminsterfullerene($C_{60}$) formed by solution drop casting on Pt foil electrode surfaces were studied by cyclic voltammetry(CV) in acetonitrile(MeCN) containing quaternary ammonium or alkali-metal salts as supporting electrolyte. The electrochemical behaviors of $C_{60}$ films are found to be strongly dependent on the nature of the supporting electrolytes, especially with tetrabutyl ammonium perchlorate (TBAP, $NBu_4ClO_4$), and tetrabutyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate ($TBABF_4$, $NBu_4BF_4$). Reasonably stable films are formed into which electrons can be injected. The interaction of $C_{60}$ film with the quaternary ammonium cation may produce the fulleride salts $(TBA^+)(C{_{60}}^-)$ and $(TBA^+)_2(C{_{60}}^{2-})$. The bulk electroreduction with a controlled potential to generate the soluble $C{_{60}}^{3-}$ anions(dark red-brown color) is followed by electrooxidative deposition to produce a neutral $C_{60}$ film on the surface. The peak currents($I_{pc}$ and $I_{pa}$) of these thin film were dramatically decreased with repetitive potential scanning. These results could be explained by the adsorption-desorption phenomena and ion pairing interaction of reduced species($C{_{60}}^-$, and $C{_{60}}^{2-}$) onto the electrode surface. The peak current changes and peak potential shifts of the thin $C_{60}$ film in cyclic voltammograms formed from solution were observed by varying scan rates.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제28권5B호
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• pp.414-426
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• 2003

정책기반 네트워크 관리 구조는 정책을 전송하기 위해 COPS(Common Open Policy Service)와 이의 모델인 COPS-PR (Policy Provisioning)을 사용한다. COPS-PR은 여러 네트워크 관리 영역에서 효율적으로 활용될 수 있는 매커니즘을 가지고 있다. COPS-PR은 정책을 저장하고 디바이스정보를 저장하기 위해 PIB(Policy Information Base)를 사용한다. PIB는 PRC(Provising Class)와 PRI(Provisions Instances)로 구성되어 있다. PIB는 정책을 통해 디바이스를 제어하기 위한 기능이 미리 구현되어 있다. PIB에 PRI를 추가시킴으로써 정책을 수행시킬 수 있다. 하지만 미리 구현되어 있는 기능에 한정되어 사용하기 때문에 새로운 기능에 대해선 정책을 적용할 수 없는 단점을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 구조는 기존 PIB에 단점을 보완하기 위해 XML로 변환된 PIB를 사용한다. XML 기반 PIB는 동적으로 새로운 기능의 추가가 가능하며, 정책을 통해 이를 수행시킬 수 있는 구조이다. 또한 본 구조에서는 정책 기술 시에도 XML을 이용하였다. 정책 기술시 XML을 이용하면 서로 다른 정책기술 언어를 사용하는 이 기종의 관리 시스템간에 정책 교환 시 XSLT(eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformation)을 이용하여 쉽게 변환될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 동적 확장을 고려한 XML기반 네트워크 관리 구조를 제안하고, 이를 구현하여 기존 시스템과의 차별성을 평가하였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.94-102
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• 2015

Electro-coagulation experiments were conducted with aluminum (Al) or iron (Fe) electrode in order to determine the optimal electrode material and operation conditions for algae removal. Al electrode showed higher removal rate of algae than Fe electrode because Al flocs have positive surface charges which electrostatically attract algae species having negative surface charges. Removal rate of algae and total phosphorous (T-P) was increased as current density and electrode area increases. It was also found that initial pH with neutral range was optimum for T-P removal by electro-coagulation. Bench-scale continuous flow experiments consisted of electro-coagulation reactor, agitation tank and settling tank were conducted. In electro-coagulation reactor, a large fraction of Al flocs were distributed to scum layer, due to the gas bubbles generated by electrolysis reaction. In agitation tank, most of Al flocs were settled and the optimal mixing intensity was found to be 50 rpm to achieve good settleability. The removal rate of algae was about 90-95%. Additionally, the removal rate of the T-P and COD was observed to be $73.8{\pm}8.0%$ and $75.0{\pm}3.8%$, respectively. Meanwhile, the removal rate of total nitrogen (T-N) was relatively low at only 24%.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.186-192
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• 2017

The carbon paste electrode (CPE) was modified with the pristine bentonite and hybrid material (HDTMA-modified bentonite). The modified-CPEs are then employed as working electrode in an electrochemical detection of As(V) from aqueous solutions using the cyclic voltammetric measurements. Cyclic voltammograms revealed that As(V) showed reversible behavior onto the working electrode. The hybrid material-modified carbon paste electrode showed significantly enhanced electrochemical signal which was then utilized in the low level detection of As(V). Moreover, the studies were conducted at neutral pH conditions. The electrochemical studies were conducted with scan rates (20 to 200 mV/s) to deduce the mechanism of redox processes involved at the electrode surface. The anodic current was linearly increased, increasing the concentration of As(V) from 5.0 to $35.0{\mu}g/g$ using the hybrid material-modified electrode. This provided fairly a good calibration line for As(V) detection. The presence of varied concentrations of As(III) in the determination of total arsenic was studied. The influence of several cations and anions viz., Cu(II), Mn(II), Zn(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), Fe(III), $Cl^-$, $NO_3{^-}$, $PO_4{^{3-}}$, EDTA and glycine in the detection of As(V) from aqueous solution was also studied. Further, in an attempt to simulate the real matrix analysis, the tap water sample was spiked with As(V) and subjected for As(V) detection using the modified-CPE.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.190-201
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• 2015

This paper uses the switching function approach to present a simple state model of the Vienna-type rectifier. The approach introduces the relationship between the DC-link neutral point voltage and the AC side phase currents. A novel direct power control (DPC) strategy, which is based on the sliding mode control (SMC) for Vienna I rectifiers, is developed using the proposed power model in the stationary ${\alpha}-{\beta}$ reference frames. The SMC-based DPC methodology directly regulates instantaneous active and reactive powers without transforming to a synchronous rotating coordinate reference frame or a tracking phase angle of grid voltage. Moreover, the required rectifier control voltages are directly calculated by utilizing the non-linear SMC scheme. Theoretically, active and reactive power flows are controlled without ripple or cross coupling. Furthermore, the fixed-switching frequency is obtained by employing the simplified space vector modulation (SVM). SVM solves the complicated designing problem of the AC harmonic filter. The simplified SVM is based on the simplification of the space vector diagram of a three-level converter into that of a two-level converter. The dwelling time calculation and switching sequence selection are easily implemented like those in the conventional two-level rectifier. Replacing the current control loops with power control loops simplifies the system design and enhances the transient performance. The simulation models in MATLAB/Simulink and the digital signal processor-controlled 1.5 kW Vienna-type rectifier are used to verify the fast responses and robustness of the proposed control scheme.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.112-120
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• 2010

Generally, Interior design understood as shapes, lines, spaces, tones, quality, and principal. And people research these with a study of formative approach. The six elements of above categories are basis of expansion for the various designs. In this study, the represented design language is extracted by the basic 6 stages and re-divided into classes. This study presented by the Kobayashi-scale image of the current trends in the assignment to examine the cultural, functional, sensory vocabulary, three elements were classified by the assignment about 2008~2009 international fair by trend and design direction for the image. If we look into the categorized format of the design, it reflects mixed culture with emotional approach and shows direction of design constantly. Especially, compared to the year 2008, the design of year 2009 has tendency as an emotional translator regarding the verbal expression. In other words, it becomes more concrete to express the design of emotions for human beings. In addition, design shows detail of its flow with outcomes of past leading trend which was re-created shape. On the other hand, undeveloped cultures such as folk, historical, and unique cultures attract design leaders as it is. This research would make good relationship between designers and customers regarding the newly started international trend of design. Hereby I research with the method to reclassify the image of vocabulary from the image scale extract. It remains as a task to resolve ambiguous, complex and neutral expression for better understanding and definite analysis method to the public.

• 정보관리연구
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2003

본 연구는 국내 각 기관에서 소장하거나 생산하고 있는 회색문헌을 체계적으로 수집하고 공유하여 활용할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다. 이를 위해서 회색문헌이 갖고 있는 특성과 유형을 분석하였으며, 회색문헌이 갖는 특성 가운데 회색문헌의 공유를 저해하는 열람제한의 특징에 대해서도 조사하였다. 또한 이러한 제한을 극복하기 위한 방법을 도출하고 실제적인 회색문헌 집중관리 시스템을 개발하기 위해 필요한 기초 정보를 조사하였다. 기초자료와 정보를 입수하기 위해 회색문헌을 수집, 처리 및 서비스하는 기관의 정보관리 담당자를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문결과 정보관리담당자들은 보고서를 회색문헌의 여러 종류중에서 가장 중요하다고 판단하였으며, 지도와 학위논문과 같은 자료에 대해서는 그 중요도를 상대적으로 낮게 보고 있었다. 또한 자관 회색문헌에 대해서는 보수적인 입장을 견지하고 있으며 외부 자료에 대해서는 열람을 희망하고 있었다. 따라서 회색문헌 공유를 위한 유인책으로는 경제적 지원보다 자료의 공유라는 유인책이 효과적임을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.939-954
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• 2013

The Direct Torque Control (DTC) technique for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) is receiving increased attention due to its simplicity and robust dynamic response when compared with other control techniques. The classical switching table based DTC results in large flux and torque ripples in the motors. Several studies have been reported in the literature on classical DTC. However, there are only limited studies that actually discuss or evaluate the classical DTC. This paper proposes, novel switching table / DTC methods for PMSMs to reduce torque ripples. In this paper, two DTC schemes are proposed. The six sector and twelve sector methodology is considered in DTC scheme I and DTC scheme II, respectively. In both DTC schemes a simple modification is made to the classical DTC structure. The two level inverter available in the classical DTC is eliminated by replacing it with a three level Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) inverter. To further improve the performance of the proposed DTC scheme I, the available 27 voltage vectors are allowed to form different groups of voltage vectors such as Large - Zero (LZ), Medium - Zero (MZ) and Small - Zero (SZ), where as in DTC scheme II, all of the voltage vectors are considered to form a switching table. Based on these groups, a novel switching table is proposed. The proposed DTC schemes are comparatively investigated with the classical DTC and existing literatures through theory analysis and computer simulations. The superiority of the proposed DTC method is also confirmed by experimental results. It can be observed that the proposed techniques can significantly reduces the torque ripples and improves the quality of current waveform when compared with traditional and existing methods.