• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2023

Breathing is controlled by complex interactions between the central and peripheral nervous systems in conjunction with the respiratory system. Neurological diseases predispose patients to nocturnal desaturation and pneumonia due to respiratory dysfunction, which increases mortality, daytime sleepiness and fatigue, and reduces the quality of life. Respiratory function tests are required to identify respiratory function decline and to consider compensatory management. This review summarizes the characteristics of several respiratory function tests and their applications to neurological diseases.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제45권11호
• /
• pp.781-788
• /
• 2022

Proline plays a multifaceted role in protein synthesis, redox balance, cell fate regulation, brain development, and other cellular and physiological processes. Here, we focus our review on proline metabolism in neurons, highlighting the role of dysregulated proline metabolism in neuronal dysfunction and consequently neurological and psychiatric disorders. We will discuss the association between genetic and protein function of enzymes in the proline pathway and the development of neurological and psychiatric disorders. We will conclude with a potential mechanism of proline metabolism in neuronal function and mental health.

• 대한물리의학회지
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.229-236
• /
• 2007

Clinical therapist use neurological examination to acquire the necessary information from the patients who is neurological damaged. It is necessary to have enough neurological knowledge and clinical experience to collect useful data. Neurological disease of symptom is well correspond with anatomical location and function, therefore neurological examination is one of the powerful tool to diagnosis. These tools will be a great help to clinical therapist to evaluate the patients and helps to select most pertinent treatment approach to patients. Neurological examination can classified and evaluate with Mental Status Examination, Cranial Nerves Examination, Motor and Sensory System Examination, Reflexes, Gait and Station Evaluation, Special Maneuver. Generally, various neurological examination tools are used by therapist in clinical field. Understanding of method of Neurological examination tools and understanding of result of examination from patients's response is very important. Therefore, this research will help to understand clinical meaning by neurological examination.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.167-174
• /
• 2011

Acute ischemic stroke results from sudden decrease or loss of blood supply to an area of the brain, resulting in a coinciding loss of neurological function. The antioxidant action of melatonin is an important mechanism among its known effects to protective activity during ischemic/reperfusion injury. The focus of this research, therapeutic efficacy of melatonin on recovery of neurological function following long term treatment in ischemic brain injured rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=40; 8 weeks old) were divided into the control group, and MCAo groups (Vehicle, MT7 : MCAo+ melatonin injection at 7:00, MT19 : MCAo+melatonin injection at 19:00, and MT7,19 : MCAo+melatonin injection at 7:00 and 19:00). Rat body weight and neurological function were measured every week for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, the rats were anesthetized with a mixture of zoletil (40 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) and sacrificed for further analysis. Tissues were then collected for RNA isolation from brain tissue. Also, brain tissues were analyzed by histological procedures. We elucidated that melatonin was not toxic in vital organs. MT7,19 was the most rapidly got back to mild symptom on test of neurological parameter. Also, exogenous melatonin induces both the down-regulation of detrimental genes, such as NOSs and the up-regulation of beneficial gene, including BDNF during long term administration after focal cerebral ischemia. Melatonin treatment reduced the loss of primary motor cortex. Therefore, we suggest that melatonin could be act as prophylactic as well as therapeutic agent for neurorehabilitative intervention.

• 재활치료과학
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.24-35
• /
• 2013

본 연구에서는 거울치료가 뇌졸중 환자의 상지 운동기능 향상에 미치는 효과를 문헌고찰을 통해 알아보고 임상적 효용성을 확인하고자 하였다. 또한, 그간 밝혀진 정보를 종합하여 거울치료를 통해 발생하는 중재효과를 분석하고 거울치료의 신경학적 기전을 알아보고자 하였다. 거울치료는 뇌졸중 환자들의 손과 팔의 운동기능을 향상시키고, 일상생활 수행기능회복과 통증경감에 효과가 있다. 하지만 시각 무시에 대해서는 효과를 입증할 수 있는 근거가 아직 분명치 않다. 거울치료는 전운동영역의 신경학적 회복을 유도한다. 전운동영역은 운동 조절의 핵심적인 역할을 하는 부위로서 거울치료에 의해 활성화되면 손상된 일차운동영역의 활성도를 증가시켜 기능회복을 유발한다. 일차운동영역이 완전히 손상된 경우에는 신경 재조직화를 통해 일차운동영역의 기능을 전운동영역이나 보완운동영역이 대체하여 수행한다. 선행연구의 고찰 결과, 거울치료의 효과나 이에 대한 신경학적인 원인에 대한 증거가 아직 부족한 실정이었다. 거울치료의 효과와 신경학적 기전이 명확히 규명된다면 거울치료는 임상에서 보다 효용성 있는 치료로서 구축될 것이라 사료된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제47권2호
• /
• pp.102-106
• /
• 2010

Objective : To evaluate the clinical results of gross total resection in the surgical approach to spinal ependymoma. Methods : Between June 1995 and May 2009,13 males and 8 females (mean age 34) diagnosed with intramedullary or extramedullary spinal ependymoma were surgically treated at our centre. The neurological and functional state of each patient were evaluated according to the modified McCormick scale. Results : The average follow-up duration was 54 months (ranging from 12 to 168 months). The locations of the lesions were : thoracic region (4, 19%), lumbar region (7, 34%), cervical region (4, 19%), cervicothoracic region (3, 14%) and conus medullaris (3, 14%). Four patients (19%) had deterioration of neurological function in the early postoperative period. The neurological function of three patients was completely recovered at the 6th postoperative month, while that of another patient was recovered at the 14th month. In the last assessment of neurological function, 20 patients (95%) were assessed as McCormick grade 1. No perioperative complications developed in any of our patients. In one patient's 24-month assessment, tumour recurrence was observed. Re-operation was not performed and the patient was taken under observation. Conclusion : Two determinants of good clinical results after spinal ependymoma surgery are a gross total resection of the tumour and a good neurological condition before the operation. Although neurological deficits in the early postoperative period can develop as a result of gross total tumour resection, significant improvement is observed six months after the operation.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.31-33
• /
• 2008

We present a rare case of fracture-dislocation at the level of the first sacral (S1) and second sacral (S2) vertebrae. The S1 was displaced forward into the pelvic cavity and was located just in front of the S2. Because the patient also had extensive neurological injury to the lumbar plexus and instability of the pelvic ring, surgery to stabilize the pelvis and to decompress the lumbar plexus was performed. The surgery was successful and the patient experienced marked improvement in neurological function.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제57권1호
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2015

Objective : Cerebral vessels, such as intracerebral perforating arterioles isolated from rat brain, have been widely used as an ex vivo model to study the cerebrovascular function associated with cerebrovascular disorders and the therapeutic effects of various pharmacological agents. These perforating arterioles, however, have demonstrated differences in the vascular architecture and reactivity compared with a larger leptomeningeal artery which has been commonly implicated in cerebrovascular disease. In this study, therefore, we developed the method for studying cerebrovascular function utilizing the olfactory artery isolated from the mouse brain. Methods : The olfactory artery (OA) was isolated from the C57/BL6 wild-type mouse brain. After removing connective tissues, one side of the isolated vessel segment (approximately $-500{\mu}m$ in length) was cannulated and the opposite end of the vessel was completely sealed while being viewed with an inverted microscope. After verifying the absence of pressure leakage, we examined the vascular reactivity to various vasoactive agents under the fixed intravascular pressure (60 mm Hg). Results : We found that the isolated mouse OAs were able to constrict in response to vasoconstrictors, including KCl, phenylephrine, endothelin-1, and prostaglandin $PGH_2$. Moreover, this isolated vessel demonstrated vasodilation in a dose-dependent manner when vasodilatory agents, acetylcholine and bradykinin, were applied. Conclusion : Our findings suggest that the isolated olfactory artery would provide as a useful ex vivo model to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms of vascular function underlying cerebrovascular disorders and the direct effects of such disease-modifying pathways on cerebrovascular function utilizing pharmacological agents and genetically modified mouse models.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.549-556
• /
• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 급성기와 직업 사회 복귀전에 있는 뇌졸중 환자의 신경학적 인지기능 및 사회 인지기능의 차이를 비교하고 그 관계를 입증함으로서 급성기 뇌졸중 환자의 인지재활 중재 시 사회 인지 중재의 중요성을 파악하고자 하였다. 2015년 5월에서 2016년 6월까지 서울 소재 재활병원에서 재활치료를 받고 있는 뇌졸중 입원환자 30명과 주간재활센터를 이용하는 환자 30명을 대상으로 LOTCA, 만화 의도추론과제, 사회행동배열과제를 실시하였다. 각 그룹간의 차이를 알아보기 위해 이표본 t 검정을 실시하였다. 각 그룹내에서의 각 변인들간의 상관관계를 알아보기 위해 Pearson's correlations 검정을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 뇌졸중 급성기 뇌졸중 환자군과 지역사회 복귀 전 재활훈련을 받고 있는 만성 뇌졸중 환자군의 신경학적 인지기능과 사회인지 기능 모두에서 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 신경학적 인지와 사회인지와의 선형적 관련성을 알아본 결과 급성 뇌졸중군에서는 사고 조직력 항목이 사회행동배열 척도와 상관성을 나타내었다(r=0.539. p<0.05). 만성 뇌졸중군에서는 만화 의도 추론과제는 시지각(r=0.530, p<0.05), 시운동조직화(r=0.655, p<0.05), 사고조작력(r=0.764, p<0.05) 항목과 상관성을 나타내었다. 또한 사회행동배열척도와 시운동조직화(r=0.534, p<0.05). 사고조작력(r=0.650, p<0.05)이 상관성을 나타내었다. 다중회귀 분석 결과, 만화의도 추론과제 결과에서 급성기 뇌졸중 환자의 사회인지기능에 영향을 미치는 신경학적 인지기능은 사고조작력으로 나타났으며(B=0.431), 만성 뇌졸중 환자군의 경우 사고 고작력(B=0.272), 시운동 조직화(B=0.218)로 나타났다. 또한, 사회행동배열과제 결과에서는 급성기 뇌졸중 환자의 경우 사고 조작력(B=0.417)으로 나타났고, 만성 뇌졸중 환자의 경우 사고 조작력(B=0.267), 시운동조직화(B=0.274), 시지각(B=0.151)으로 나타났다. 이번 연구 결과에 의하면, 두 그룹 간 신경학적 인지와 사회인지 수준에 차이를 보였다. 사회인지는 주로 신경학적 인지기능 고차원적 인지 기능인 사고조작력과 높은 관련성이 있고 영향을 받을 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 추후 연구에서는 뇌졸중 환자에게 사회인지기능에 대한 훈련 프로그램을 적용 후 신경학적 인지기능 중 고차원적 인지기능의 변화가 있는지 추정해보는 연구가 필요하겠다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.72-80
• /
• 2012

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of familiar exercise and novel exercise on motor function after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats. The rats were subjected to a unilateral striatal ICH via collagenase infusion. The rats were randomly divided into the following three groups: the CON (control group; rested one week post-ICH), the FE (familiar exercise group; familiar exercise was performed two weeks after one-week post-ICH period), and NE (novel exercise group; novel exercise was performed two weeks after one-week post-ICH period). We measured neurological behavior using a ladder rung walking test and a beam walking test; we measured the level of nerve growth factor (NGF) using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. We performed a one-way ANOVA test to analyze the scores obtained from the neurological behavior tests and the differences of NGF protein levels among the three groups. In the present study, the FE group and the NE group showed significant improvement during the neurological behavior tests and in their expression of NGF protein level, as compared to the CON group. Especially, NE group more increase than FE group in neurological behavior tests, the expression of NGF on motor cortex. In conclusion, these results suggest that, after ICH, familiar exercise and novel exercise enhance motor function and, novel exercise is more effective than familiar exercise.