Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society

The Korean Neurosurgical Society (대한신경외과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Development of an Ex Vivo Model for the Study of Cerebrovascular Function Utilizing Isolated Mouse Olfactory Artery

  • Lee, Hyung-Jin (Department of Neurological Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital) ;
  • Dietrich, Hans H. (Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine) ;
  • Han, Byung Hee (Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine) ;
  • Zipfel, Gregory J. (Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine)
  • Received : 2013.11.28
  • Accepted : 2014.05.23
  • Published : 2015.01.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective : Cerebral vessels, such as intracerebral perforating arterioles isolated from rat brain, have been widely used as an ex vivo model to study the cerebrovascular function associated with cerebrovascular disorders and the therapeutic effects of various pharmacological agents. These perforating arterioles, however, have demonstrated differences in the vascular architecture and reactivity compared with a larger leptomeningeal artery which has been commonly implicated in cerebrovascular disease. In this study, therefore, we developed the method for studying cerebrovascular function utilizing the olfactory artery isolated from the mouse brain. Methods : The olfactory artery (OA) was isolated from the C57/BL6 wild-type mouse brain. After removing connective tissues, one side of the isolated vessel segment (approximately $-500{\mu}m$ in length) was cannulated and the opposite end of the vessel was completely sealed while being viewed with an inverted microscope. After verifying the absence of pressure leakage, we examined the vascular reactivity to various vasoactive agents under the fixed intravascular pressure (60 mm Hg). Results : We found that the isolated mouse OAs were able to constrict in response to vasoconstrictors, including KCl, phenylephrine, endothelin-1, and prostaglandin $PGH_2$. Moreover, this isolated vessel demonstrated vasodilation in a dose-dependent manner when vasodilatory agents, acetylcholine and bradykinin, were applied. Conclusion : Our findings suggest that the isolated olfactory artery would provide as a useful ex vivo model to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms of vascular function underlying cerebrovascular disorders and the direct effects of such disease-modifying pathways on cerebrovascular function utilizing pharmacological agents and genetically modified mouse models.

Keywords

References

  1. Bai N, Moien-Afshari F, Washio H, Min A, Laher I : Pharmacology of the mouse-isolated cerebral artery. Vascul Pharmacol 41 : 97-106, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vph.2004.07.001
  2. Brown JO : The morphology of circulus arteriosus cerebri in rats. Anat Rec 156 : 99-106, 1966 https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560112
  3. Coyne EF, Ngai AC, Meno JR, Winn HR : Methods for isolation and characterization of intracerebral arterioles in the C57/BL6 wild-type mouse. J Neurosci Methods 120 : 145-153, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0270(02)00197-8
  4. Dacey RG Jr, Bassett JE : Cholinergic vasodilation of intracerebral arterioles in rats. Am J Physiol 253 (5 Pt 2) : H1253-H1260, 1987
  5. Dacey RG Jr, Duling BR : A study of rat intracerebral arterioles : methods, morphology, and reactivity. Am J Physiol 243 : H598-H606, 1982
  6. Dahl E : Microscopic observations on cerebral arteries in Cervos-Navarro J, Betz E, Matakas F, Wiillenweber R (eds) :The Cerebral Vessel Wall. New York : Raven Press, 1976, pp15-21
  7. Dietrich HH, Kajita Y, Dacey RG Jr : Local and conducted vasomotor responses in isolated rat cerebral arterioles. Am J Physiol 271 (3 Pt 2): H1109-H1116, 1996
  8. Dorr A, Sled JG, Kabani N : Three-dimensional cerebral vasculature of the CBA mouse brain : a magnetic resonance imaging and micro computed tomography study. Neuroimage 35 : 1409-1423, 2007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.12.040
  9. Duling BR, Gore RW, Dacey RG Jr, Damon DN : Methods for isolation, cannulation, and in vitro study of single microvessels. Am J Physiol 241 : H108-H116, 1981
  10. Edvinsson L, Krause DN : The blood vessel wall. Endothelial and smooth muscle cells in Edvinsson L, Krause DN (eds):Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, ed 2. Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002, pp30-42
  11. Harper AM, Deshmukh VD, Rowan JO, Jennett WB : The influence of sympathetic nervous activity on cerebral blood flow. Arch Neurol 27 : 1-6, 1972 https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.1972.00490130003001
  12. Horiuchi T, Dietrich HH, Hongo K, Dacey RG Jr : Mechanism of extracellular K+-induced local and conducted responses in cerebral penetrating arterioles. Stroke 33 : 2692-2699, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000034791.52151.6B
  13. Horiuchi T, Dietrich HH, Tsugane S, Dacey RG Jr : Role of potassium channels in regulation of brain arteriolar tone : comparison of cerebrum versus brain stem. Stroke 32 : 218-224, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.32.1.218
  14. Kidoguchi K, Tamaki M, Mizobe T, Koyama J, Kondoh T, Kohmura E, et al. : In vivo X-ray angiography in the mouse brain using synchrotron radiation. Stroke 37 : 1856-1861, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000226904.96059.a6
  15. Kontos HA, Wei EP, Navari RM, Levasseur JE, Rosenblum WI, Patterson JL Jr : Responses of cerebral arteries and arterioles to acute hypotension and hypertension. Am J Physiol 234 : H371-H383, 1978
  16. Morimoto M, Miyamoto S, Mizoguchi A, Kume N, Kita T, Hashimoto N : Mouse model of cerebral aneurysm : experimental induction by renal hypertension and local hemodynamic changes. Stroke 33 : 1911-1915, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000021000.19637.3D
  17. Morita M, Ohkawa M, Miyazaki S, Ishimaru T, Umetani K, Suzuki K : Simultaneous observation of superficial cortical and intracerebral microvessels in vivo during reperfusion after transient forebrain ischemia in rats using synchrotron radiation. Brain Res 1158 : 116-122, 2007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2007.04.060
  18. Rosenblum WI : A review of vasomotor responses of arterioles on the surface of the mouse brain : the necessary prelude to studies using genetically manipulated mice. Microcirculation 5 : 129-138, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mn.7300013
  19. Sasaki T, Kassell NF, Torner JC, Maixner W, Turner DM : Pharmacological comparison of isolated monkey and dog cerebral arteries. Stroke 16 : 482-489, 1985 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.16.3.482
  20. Toda N : Influence of dopamine and noradrenaline on isolated cerebral arteries of the dog. Br J Pharmacol 58 : 121-126, 1976 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1976.tb07700.x
  21. Tong XK, Hamel E : Transforming growth factor-beta 1 impairs endothelin-1-mediated contraction of brain vessels by inducing mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphatase-1 and inhibiting p38 MAP kinase. Mol Pharmacol 72 : 1476-1483, 2007 https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.107.039602
  22. Tong XK, Nicolakakis N, Kocharyan A, Hamel E : Vascular remodeling versus amyloid beta-induced oxidative stress in the cerebrovascular dysfunctions associated with Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci 25 : 11165-11174,2005 https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4031-05.2005
  23. Uchida E, Bohr DF, Hoobler SW : A method for studying isolated resistance vessels from rabbit mesentery and brain and their responses to drugs. Circ Res 21 : 525-536, 1967 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.21.4.525
  24. Villringer A, Haberl RL, Dirnagl U, Anneser F, Verst M, Einhaupl KM : Confocal laser microscopy to study microcirculation on the rat brain surface in vivo. Brain Res 504 : 159-160, 1989 https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(89)91616-8
  25. Vinall PE, Simeone FA : Cerebral autoregulation : an in vitro study. Stroke 12 : 640-642, 1981 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.12.5.640
  26. Wei EP, Raper AJ, Kontos HA, Patterson JL Jr : Determinants of response of pial arteries to norepinephrine and sympathetic nerve stimulation. Stroke 6 : 654-658, 1975 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.6.6.654
  27. Wiland C : Comparative study on structure and variation in basal arteries of the brain in laboratory mouse. Anat Anz 135 : 455-464, 1974

Cited by

  1. TRPP2 associates with STIM1 to regulate cerebral vasoconstriction and enhance high salt intake-induced hypertensive cerebrovascular spasm vol.42, pp.12, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-019-0324-5