• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.51-62
• /
• 2015

Objectives : This research was conducted to plan a strategy on the activities for ADHD who want to improve, and to use the strategy to find out how it influences the occupational performance when applying Cognitive Orientation to a daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) approach. Methods : A single Subject AB design was employed. The subjects was one children with ADHD. The experiment consisted of 10 sessions spread over 7 weeks. The objective selected through COPM with guardians was improvement of chopstick use by children. In the course of the intervention, the overall CO-OP process was explained, continued analysis of performance and practice were encouraged in order to learn the skill of chopstick use, and guidance was given for DSS. Performance was measured by the time to move beans from one plate to another, starting from when the chopsticks were picked up. Results : The time to pick up the beans was 22.3s before the intervention, which was decreased by 7.2s to 15.1s after the intervention. The parents' COPM score showed an improvement of 3 points for performance and 4 points for satisfaction, demonstrating a clinically significant change. Conclusion : This study provides evidence that CO-OP is beneficial in occupation performance in children with ADHD.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.91-99
• /
• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the IOPI articulator strength training program on articulator(tongue and lip) muscle strength, numbers of /l, s, ʨ/ articulation accuracy, articulatory numbers, articulation regularity and accuracy in the alternate motion rates, and sequential motion rate changes in patients with spastic dysarthria. Methods : Three cases of patients with spastic dysarthria living in Jeju, Korea, were included in this study. A single subject design was selected to study changes in articulator(tongue and lip) muscle strength, numbers of /ㄹ, ㅅ, ㅈ/ articulation accuracy, articulatory numbers, articulation regularity and accuracy in the alternate motion rates and sequential motion rates. Results : After the articulator strength training program was conducted on patients with spastic dysarthria, there were positive changes in articulator(tongue and lip) muscle strength, numbers of /ㄹ, ㅅ, ㅈ/ articulation accuracy, articulatory numbers, articulation regularity and accuracy on the alternate motion rates and sequential motion rates. Conclusion : Our findings suggest that IOPI articulator strength training program could be very useful for the most representative childeren with cerebral palsy if conducted in various subtypes of dysarthric patients and linked with articulatory function training with IOPI at home.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.77-89
• /
• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of audiovisual biofeedback training using RAPAEL Smart Pegboard on the cognitive function of stroke patients. Methods : A total of 20 participants were divided into an intervention group and a control group, with 10 patients per group K-MoCA and NCSE were used for pre and post intervention evaluation. The intervention method of the intervention group provided traditional occupational therapy and audiovisual biofeedback training, and the control group provided traditional occupational therapy and participated in self-activity programs. Results : K-MoCA revealed a significant difference in visuo-spatial and executive functions, attention, memory, and overall score in the internvention group compared to the control group (p<.05). In addition, the results of NCSE showed that there was a significant difference in attention, memory, and overall score in the intervention group compared to the control group (p<.05). Conclusion : We confirmed that the audiovisual biofeedback training had a positive effect on the cognitive function of stroke patients. Therefore, it could be useful tool for the rehabilitation of stroke patients in future occupational therapy clinical environments.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.81-92
• /
• 2016

Objective: This study aim is to identify whether 30minutes optokinetic stimulation(OKS) with smooth pursuit eye movement can alleviate chronic hemispatial neglect. Methods: We applied optokinetic stimulation with smooth pursuit eye movement to 2 chronic hemispatial neglect patients. experimental duration was total 4weeks - 1week baseline, 2weeks OKS intervention, 1week 2nd. baseline. The intervention was 10 OKS sessions (30min each, 1session daily, from Monday to Friday) over a period of 2weeks. The neglect test carried out 3 times a week every other day. The OKS was provided on the screen when patient sat in front of the screen(13.5 inch). The OKS video that the 24 yellow squares moving coherently from the right to the left side. Patients were instructed to perform smooth pursuit eye movement without head and neck movement. Results: As a result of the OKS for 2weeks, the degree of neglect trends to decrease on both 2 cases compared to baseline A. The degree of the neglect of subject 1 tended to increase the at the baseline A. In contrast, the subject 2 showed that tendency that the degree of the neglect declined additionally at the baseline A. Conclusions: We identified that 30 minutes optokinetic stimulation with sooth pursuit eye movement is effective intervention method for chronic hemispatial neglect.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.35-47
• /
• 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the driving rehabilitation for on-road driving through a systematic review. Methods: We systematically examined papers published in journals from December 2014 to January 2015, using CINAH, Embase, Pubmed, PsycINFO, and The Cochrane Library. Eventually, 15 studies were included in the analyses. Results: The evidence of 15 studies was from levels I, III, and V. The subjects included in the analyses were patients with stroke(40.0%), older driver(20.0%), traumatic brain injury(20.0%), acquired brain injury(13.3%) and spinal cord injury(6.7%). The intervention types were driving simulator training(53.3%), cognitive skills training(26.6%), off-road educational training(6.7%), adaptation of assistive device(6.7%), and behind-the-wheel training(6.7%). The effects of driving rehabilitation were different depending on the types of intervention. However, driving simulator training showed significant improvement of on-road assessments in all studies included this study. Conclusions: Driving rehabilitation for on-road driving has been used in various types. Specially, the effect of the driving simulator training has been proved by many studies. Future studies are to be required with client from a range of diagnostic groups to establish evidence-based interventions and determine their effectiveness in improving on-road driving.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to look at a systematic review on the relationships of saccadic eye movements and cognition. Through this comprehensive study, we have to compare the studies. Methods: We systematically examined papers published in journal from 1995 to 2015, using KERIS. Main words to examine are saccadic eye movements, cognitive function, cognition, relationship, saccade program, etc. Results: 6 studies were selected, All of them were saccadic eye movements. Eye movements and cognitive function have correlation. Age from 5 to 65 years from the studies, they found the relationships between cognition and saccade(p<.05). However, the results demonstrated some limitations. First, there were variation in large of age spectrum. Second, the populations were small. Therefore, in the future study, saccadic eye movements study apply to variety of interventions to separate experimental group and control group as cohort study, and majority of patients is needed on occupational therapy. Conclusions: In the future study, the use of eye movements apply to a variety of interventions and majority of patients is needed for the effect of cognitive function improvements. If occupational therapists can obtain knowledge and make a protocol for cognitive program.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.232-241
• /
• 2016

Background: Paraplegia is a devastating complication following operations on the thoracoabdominal aorta. We investigated whether histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution could reduce the extent of ischemia/reperfusion (IR) spinal cord injuries in a rat model using a direct delivery method. Methods: Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into four groups. The sham group (n=6) underwent a sham operation, the IR group (n=6) underwent only an aortic occlusion, the saline infusion group (saline group, n=6) underwent an aortic occlusion and direct infusion of cold saline into the occluded aortic segment, and the HTK infusion group (HTK group, n=6) underwent an aortic occlusion and direct infusion of cold HTK solution into the occluded aortic segment. An IR spinal cord injury was induced by transabdominal clamping of the aorta distally to the left renal artery and proximally to the aortic bifurcation for 60 minutes. A neurological evaluation of locomotor function was performed using the modified Tarlov score after 48 hours of reperfusion. The spinal cord was harvested for histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. Results: The spinal cord IR model using direct drug delivery in rats was highly reproducible. The Tarlov score was 4.0 in the sham group, $1.17{\pm}0.75$ in the IR group, $1.33{\pm}1.03$ in the saline group, and $2.67{\pm}0.81$ in the HTK group (p=0.04). The histopathological analysis of the HTK group showed reduced neuronal cell death. Conclusion: Direct infusion of cold HTK solution into the occluded aortic segment may reduce the extent of spinal cord injuries in an IR model in rats.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.70-78
• /
• 2009

Coptis japonica (C. japonica) is a perennial medicinal plant that has anti-inflammatory activity. C. japonica contains numerous biologically active alkaloids including berberine, palmatine, epi-berberine, and coptisine. The most well-known anti-inflammatory principal in C. japonica is berberine. For example, berberine has been implicated in the inhibition of iNOS induction by cytokines in microglial cells. However, the efficacies of other alkaloids components on microglial activation were not investigated yet. In this study, we investigated the effects of three alkaloids (palmatine, epi-berberine and coptisine) from C. japonica on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglial activation. BV2 microglial cells were immunostimulated with LPS and then the production of several inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were examined as well as the phosphorylation status of Erk1/2 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK). Palmatine and to a lesser extent epi-berberine and coptisine, significantly reduced the release of NO, which was mediated by the inhibition of LPS-stimulated mRNA and protein induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) from BV2 microglia. In addition to NO, palmatine inhibited MMP-9 enzymatic activity and mRNA induction by LPS. Palmatine also inhibited the increase in the LPS-induced MMP-9 promoter activity determined by MMP-9 promoter luciferase reporter assay. LPS stimulation increased Erk1/2 phosphorylation in BV2 cells and these alkaloids inhibited the LPS-induced phosphorylation of Erk1/2. The anti-inflammatory effect of palmatine in LPS-stimulated microglia may suggest the potential use of the alkaloids in the modulation of neuroinflammatory responses, which might be important in the pathophysiological events of several neurological diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease (PD) and stroke.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.63-73
• /
• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sensory diet home program for children with autism spectrum disorder who have sensory defensiveness and explore how this intervention affect to sensory modulation and social interaction ability. Methods : The subject of this case study was a 12-year-old girl with autism spectrum disorder who was struggling with her sensory modulation problem. Parent interview and evaluations were conducted and subject-tailored sensory diet home program was made by the therapist. Parent education for the home program was provided to parents and everyday, 3 times, 30minutes of home program activities were conducted to the child for 23 days. Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile and Social Maturity Scale were measured at pre and post intervention and parent wrote daily observation record about child during the intervention. Results : After the intervention, Low Registration, Sensory Sensitivity, Sensation Avoiding area of Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile included to the normal range and the scores of the Social Maturity Scale improved. Conclusions : Child's sensory defensiveness was relieved and sensory modulation and controling emotion ability were improved. While there was significant improvement for sensory modulation and social interaction ability, this was a case study and there was only one subject. So we need to study with larger sample size to generalize this intervention's effectiveness.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.45-54
• /
• 2017

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an Interactive Metronome on increasing attention and impulsivity control for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). Methods : This study was conducted through the ABA'design among single-case research methods with one child with ADHD. From May to July, 2014, 3 sessions of baseline phase(A), 15 sessions of intervention phase(B), and 3 sessions of post baseline(A') were conducted. The intervention was IM training, and each session carried out short form assessment(SFA) of IM and concentration tasks. In addition, long form assessment(LFA) of IM and Self-Control Rating Scale (SCRS) were conducted at baseline, intervention and post baseline. Results : After IM training as the intervention, the participation showed an increase in attention and controled in impulsivity. After the intervention, it was demonstrated that the effects were maintained or improved in the post baseline. Conclusions : IM training can be useful for increasing attention and impulsivity control of children with ADHD. The results demonstrated the efficacy of IM training as a new approach for children with ADHD.