• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.91-95
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• 2010

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized pathologically by the presence of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and deposition of ${\beta}$-amyloid (A${\beta}$) peptides. It is urgent to develop effective therapies for the treatment of AD, since our society rapidly accelerate aging. A${\beta}$ peptides have been believed to be neurotoxic and now are also considered to have affects on the mechanism of memory formation, which are generated by processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP). In this study, effects of Styrax Liquides (SL) on the metabolism of APP were analyzed. SL inhibited the secretion of A${\beta}$ from the Neuro2a cell line (APPswe cell) expressing a mutation of APPswe. Immunoblotting study showed that it inhibited ${\beta}$-site APP cleaving enzyme (BACE) from the APPswe cells. We suggest that SL inhibits APP metabolism and A${\beta}$ generation by the means of BACE inhibitory mechanism. This is the first report that SL inhibits the secretion of A${\beta}$ peptides from neuroblastoma cells.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.247-252
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• 2004

Human embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the inner cell mass of the preimplantation embryo. Human ES cells have the capacity to differentiate into various types of cells in the body. Human ES cells are indefinite source of cells for cell therapy in various degenerative disorders including neuronal disorders. Directed differentiation of human ES cells is a prerequisite for their clinical application. The objective of this study is to develop the culture condition for the derivation of neural precursor cells from human ES cells. Neural precursor cells were derived from human ES cells in a stepwise culture condition. Neural precursor cells in the form of neural rosette structures developed into neurospheres when cultured in suspension. Suspension culture of neurospheres has been maintained over 4 months. Expressions of nestin, soxl, sox2, pax3 and pax6 transcripts were upregulated during differentiation into neural precursor cells by RT-PCR analysis. In contrast, expression of oct4 was dramatically downregulated in neural precursor cells. Immunocytochemical analyses of neural precursor cells demonstrated expression of nestin and SOX1. When induced to differentiate on an adhesive substrate, neuro-spheres were able to differentiate into three lineages of neural systems, including neurons, astrocytes and oligo-dendrocytes. Transcripts of sox1 and pax6 were downregulated during differentiation of neural precursor cells into neurons. In contrast, expression of map2ab was elevated in the differentiated cells, relative to those in neural precursor cells. Neurons derived from neural precursor cells expressed NCAM, Tuj1, MAP2ab, NeuN and NF200 in immunocytochemical analyses. Presence of astrocytes was confirmed by expression of GFAP immuno-cytochemically. Oligodendrocytes were also observed by positive immuno-reactivities against oligodendrocyte marker O1. Results of this study demonstrate that a stepwise culture condition is developed for the derivation of neural precursor cells from human ES cells.

• 전기의세계
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.7-12
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• 1972

Applying the theory of physiology and control systems, the visual system was studied as a regulator of impining light. The characteristics function of visual system is mainly analysed by spato-temporal characteristics based upon Enroth's model, Broca-Sulzer phenomenon and Mach effect. Some aims of this paper are as follows. (1) In order to get the excitatory and inhibitory potential of the intermediated cell layer in the retina, the exponential value, {exp(FM/kT)- $I_{mn}$ } is caculated based on the physiological theory in neuro-phenomena. (2) To show the visual characteristics by analog simulation for generating stimulus waveforms and analysis, the visual adaptation was recorded as electrical stimulation in the form of step functions. Furthermore, ti is shown that the above experimental data agrees satisfactorily with the theoretical (psychophysiological) values. This study is expected to lead to further studies concerned with human observer and human operator in control and especially pattern recognition systems.stems.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.711-720
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to define the content of physiological knowledge needed for clinical nursing practices. Subjects of physiology were classified into 15 areas, and each areas was further classified into subareas, resulting in a total of 194 subareas. The degree of importance of each subarea was measured with a 4-point scale. The subjects of this study were 179 nurses of two university hospitals located in Seoul and Inchon. The results were as follows : 1. The areas of physiology necessary for clinical nursing practice as a basic knowledge in the order of importance were : blood, respiratory system and renal physiology, function of the immune system, body fluid and cardiovascular system, body temperature, endocrine physiology and gastrointestinal physiology However, the degree of importance for reproductive physiology, neuro-physiology, energy and metabolism, cell and cell membrane physiology, muscular physiology and special sense was relatively low. 2. The most important content of physiology for all clinical areas in nursing was blood physiology. However, the degree of importance for each physiology area was different depending on clinical areas. 3. Subareas of physiology as a basic knowledge for clinical practice and education in nursing were blood transfusion, blood type, function of red blood cell, white blood cell and platelet, characteristics and function of hemoglobin, composition and function of plasma protein, and mechanism of blood coagulation and anticoagulation. In conclusion, areas of physiology necessary for clinical nursing practice were blood, respiratory system and renal physiology, function of immune, body fluid and cardiovascular system, body temperature, endocrine physiology and gastrointestinal physiology. However, the degree of importance for each physiology area was different depending on clinical areas In nursing.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.64-75
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• 2018

CCN3 (also known as NOV, Nephroblastoma overexpressed) proteins are involved in various pathologies during different developmental stages. We have previously shown that intracellular levels and normal extracellular secretion of CCN3 are important for neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that a single amino acid in the CCN3 TSP-1 domain is important for extracellular secretion and that palmitoylation of CCN3 is required in this process. However, the effect of abnormal CCN3 accumulation on cells remains to be studied. Here, we found mutations in the TSP-1 domain of CCN3 that led to intracellular accumulation and abnormal aggregation of CCN3. It was observed that this mutation resulted in a phenomenon similar to neurodegeneration when overexpressed in the developing mouse cortex. This mutation also confirmed the activation of apoptotic gene expression in Neuro2a cells. In addition, we confirmed the in vivo transcriptional changes induced by this mutation using microarray analysis. We observed a significant increase in the expression of Anp32a, an apoptosis-related gene. Collectively, these results indicate that a single mutation in CCN3 can lead to abnormal cell death if it shows intracellular accumulation and abnormal aggregation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2004

${\Delta}^{12}-Prostaglandin$ $J_2\;({\Delta}^{12}-PGJ_2)$ is one of cyclopentenone prostaglandins. The ${\Delta}^{12}-PGJ_2$ is known to induce apoptosis of tumor cells, however, it's action mechanism is not clear. It has recently been reported that STAT3 is involved in tumorigenesis. In the present study, we investigated the role of STAT3-interacting protein (STIP1) in the cytotoxicity of ${\Delta}^{12}-PGJ_2$, since STIP1 was recently reported as a modulator of STAT3 activation by specifically binding to inactive (unphosphorylated) STAT3. The effect of ${\Delta}^{12}-PGJ_2$ was observed in stably overexpressing Neuro-2A cells transfected with full cDNA of STIP1, and cytotoxicity of ${\Delta}^{12}-PGJ_2$ in the transfected cells was increased, compared with the vector control cells. The cytotoxicity of ${\Delta}^{12}-PGJ_2$ treatment was significantly accentuated by pretreatment of the STIP1-transfected cells with protein kinase inhibitor, genistein, and less activation of STAT3 in STIP1-transfected cells was shown, compared with the vector control cells. Expression of bax was also increased in the STIP1-transfected cells. These data suggest that STIP1 inhibits cell growth via inhibition of STAT3 activation in ${\Delta}^{12}-PGJ_2$ treatment.

• 생약학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.327-333
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• 2015

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder symptomatically characterized by impairment in memory and cognitive abilities. AD is characterized pathologically by the deposition of ${\beta}$-amyloid ($A{\beta}$) peptides of 40-42 residues, which are generated by processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP). $A{\beta}$ has been believed to be neurotoxic and now is also considered to have a role on the mechanism of memory dysfunction. In this study, we tested that EtOH extract of the fruits of Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne (CSE) affects on the processing of APP from the APPswe over-expressing Neuro2a cell line. We found that CSE increased over 2 folds of the $sAPP{\alpha}$ secretion level, a metabolite of ${\alpha}$-secretase. We showed that CSE reduced the secretion level of $A{\beta}42$ and $A{\beta}40$ by down regulation of ${\beta}$-secretase (BACE) without cytotoxicity. Furthermore, we found that CSE inhibited BACE and acetylcholinesterase activity in vitro. We suggest that Chaenomelis Fructus may be an useful source to develop a herbal medicine for AD.

• 생약학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.72-77
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• 2015

One of the most common forms of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder symptomatically characterized by impairment in memory and cognitive abilities. AD is characterized pathologically by the presence of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and deposition of ${\beta}$-amyloid ($A{\beta}$) peptides, believed to be neurotoxic and now is also considered to have a role on the mechanism of memory dysfunction. In this study, we tested that MeOH extract of Impatiens balsamina L. (IBM) affects on the processing of APP from the APPswe over-expressing Neuro2a cell line. We found that IBM increased over 2 folds of the $sAPP{\alpha}$ secretion level, a main metabolite of ${\alpha}$-secretase. We shown that IBM reduced the secretion level of $A{\beta}42$ and $A{\beta}40$ without cytotoxicity. BACE (${\beta}$-site APP cleaving enzyme) FRET assay shown that BACE activity was specifically decreased in the presence of IBM. We suggest that Impatiens balsamina L. may be an useful source to develop a herbal medicine of BACE inhibitor for Alzheimer's disease.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2004

Molecular imaging is a rapidly growing field due to the advances in molecular biology and imaging technologies. With the introduction of imaging reporter genes into the cell, diverse cellular processes can be monitored, quantified and imaged non-invasively in vivo. These precesses include the gene expression, protein-protein interactions, signal transduction pathways, and monitoring of cells such as cancer cells, immune cells, and stem cells. In the near future, molecular imaging analysis will allow us to observe the incipience and progression of the disease. These will make us easier to give a diagnosis in the early stage of intractable diseases such as canter, neuro-degenerative disease, and immunological disorders. Additionally, molecular imaging method will be a valuable tool for the real-time evaluation of cells in molecular biology and the basic biological studies. As newer and more powerful molecular imaging tools become available, it will be necessary to corporate clinicians, molecular biologists and biochemists for the planning, interpretation, and application of these techniques to their fullest potential. in order for such a multidisciplinary team to be effective, it is essential that a common understanding of basic biochemical and molecular biologic techniques is achieved. Basic molecular techniques for molecular imaging methods are presented in this paper.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.475-478
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• 2002

In zoological research, penetration of light has been reported of the frontal bones of fish, birds, and reptiles, suggesting the existence of physiologically direct photic routes to frontal lobes and/or deep parts of the brain. We studied the influences of frontal exposure to photodiode light on frontal alpha wave and peripheral NK cells. Repetitive exposure of the subject's forehead to a red light diode (660nm) significantly increased the effective amplitude of the frontal alpha waves (using a mean frequency with a range of +1.0 Hz), peripheral NK activity, and the level of CD57-CD16+. Frontal alpha wave activity and the level of CD57-CD16+ increased, suggesting the possibility of a non-invasive procedure for the activation of the frontal lobe and the increase of NK cells. This light is considered to penetrate the frontal bones of humans directly, and to act on the frontal lobe and/or other immunological regulatory centers in the brain, resulting in some neuro-immunological changes.