• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.193-220
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• 1989

Major research themes, concepts, methodologies, and phenomena in the psychology of perception are reviewed in the present paper with an eye to exploring its possible contributions to methodological as well as theoretical development in cognitive science are proposed in this paper:Computational, intentional-descriptive, and eclectic. An emphasis is placed on how to propose issues in the psychology of perception from cognitive science views.Also explored in detail are possible ways to promote fruitful interactions among several fields in cognitive science, e.g., artificial intelligence, perceptual-cognitive psychology, and neuro-science.One approach is to consider psychology of perception's basic concepts, methodologies, and phenomena that call for the attention of researchers in neighboring fields in cognitive science.Finally discussed is what perception researchers should do in adoptiong a much briader view of perceptual structure and processes, that is, a cognitive science view.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 2004

${\Delta}^{12}-Prostaglandin$ $J_2\;({\Delta}^{12}-PGJ_2)$ is one of cyclopentenone prostaglandins. The ${\Delta}^{12}-PGJ_2$ is known to induce apoptosis of tumor cells, however, it's action mechanism is not clear. It has recently been reported that STAT3 is involved in tumorigenesis. In the present study, we investigated the role of STAT3-interacting protein (STIP1) in the cytotoxicity of ${\Delta}^{12}-PGJ_2$, since STIP1 was recently reported as a modulator of STAT3 activation by specifically binding to inactive (unphosphorylated) STAT3. The effect of ${\Delta}^{12}-PGJ_2$ was observed in stably overexpressing Neuro-2A cells transfected with full cDNA of STIP1, and cytotoxicity of ${\Delta}^{12}-PGJ_2$ in the transfected cells was increased, compared with the vector control cells. The cytotoxicity of ${\Delta}^{12}-PGJ_2$ treatment was significantly accentuated by pretreatment of the STIP1-transfected cells with protein kinase inhibitor, genistein, and less activation of STAT3 in STIP1-transfected cells was shown, compared with the vector control cells. Expression of bax was also increased in the STIP1-transfected cells. These data suggest that STIP1 inhibits cell growth via inhibition of STAT3 activation in ${\Delta}^{12}-PGJ_2$ treatment.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.42 no.10
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• pp.702-710
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• 2019

Neuroinflammation is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD). We previously reported that our novel synthetic compound KMS99220 has a good pharmacokinetic profile, enters the brain, exerts neuroprotective effect, and inhibits $NF{\kappa}B$ activation. To further assess the utility of KMS99220 as a potential therapeutic agent for PD, we tested whether KMS99220 exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in vivo and examined the molecular mechanism mediating this phenomenon. In 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated mice, oral administration of KMS99220 attenuated microglial activation and decreased the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and interleukin 1 beta ($IL-1{\beta}$) in the nigrostriatal system. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged BV-2 microglial cells, KMS99220 suppressed the production and expression of $IL-1{\beta}$. In the activated microglia, KMS99220 reduced the phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B$ kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 MAP kinase; this effect was mediated by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), as both gene silencing and pharmacological inhibition of HO-1 abolished the effect of KMS99220. KMS99220 induced nuclear translocation of the transcription factor Nrf2 and expression of the Nrf2 target genes including HO-1. Together with our earlier findings, our current results show that KMS99220 may be a potential therapeutic agent for neuroinflammation-related neurodegenerative diseases such as PD.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.309-320
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• 2013

Objectives : There is a possibility LRE as remedy in Alzheimer disease (AD), but it's nerve protection effect and mechanism have to be elucidate. In this research, we applied LRE on $A{\beta}_{25-35}$ pre-treated SH-SY5Y cells, to find out the nerve protection effect and mechanism in AD cell model. Methods : We tried to confirm that effect by experimenting with 20, 50, and $100{\mu}g/ml$ concentration of LRE as a medicine. Next experiment, we assessed damage effect which induced $A{\beta}_{25-35}$, known to cause AD, on SH-SY5Y cell. In addition, cellular viability test is executed under $H_2O_2$ treatment condition in a SH-SY5Y cell. Results : 1. In $A{\beta}_{25-35}$ treated SH-SY5Y cell, LRE exhibited an anti-phosphorylation effect about tau protein, JNK, and IKB. 2. LRE prevent nerve cell apoptosis, which indued $A{\beta}_{25-35}$ and oxidative stress, modify JNK engaged synaptic structure and $NF{\kappa}B$ induced p75-neurotrophin receptor polymorphism. Conclusions : We found that LRE prevented oxidative stress-induced cellular destruction, for example, increased SOD activity of $A{\beta}_{25-35}$ treated SH-SY5Y cell and reduced toxicity of oxygen free radical. Consequently, the ingredients of LRE have a role as a catalyzer for $A{\beta}_{25-35}$ clearance and as scavenger for active oxygen free radical.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.81-92
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• 2011

This study was carried out to improve service efficiency and to cope with a emergency situation in emergency radiography, through analysis of the radiographic distriution and literature cited about emergency care. Data collection of radiographic distribution was surveyed for 1270 emergency outpatients who visit during JAN, 2009at ER of the general hospital in Gwang city. The results is as follows : Emergency radiography rate of simple radiography was 56.6%, special radiography 2. 5%, CT 34.2%, and ultrasonography 6.7%, In simple radiography rate. a high rate was distributed on male(63.6%), thoracicsurgery part(90.0%), admission patient(77.9%), and long stayed patient at ER. In special raiography rate, a high rate was obsurved in urologic part(28.6%), and in CT rate, observed neurosurgerty part(49.2%) and neurologic part(36.7%). Ultrasonography rate was high for female(8.8%) and internal medicine part(15.9%). There are distributed regional radiography rate in radio-graphic type that chest(55.3%) is high in the simple radiography, urinary system(1.2%) in the special study, and brain(40.0%) in the CT. Regional radiography rate according to diagnostic department also was showed highly for head(64.6%) in neuro surgery, chest(90.0%) in thoracic surgery, abdomen(58.0%) in general surgery, spine(40.0%) in neuro surgery, and pelvis(15.9%), upper extrimity(20.5%), and lower extrimity(31.8%) in orthopedic surgery each. Mean radiographic case number per patient of simple radiography was sinificant on sex, age, transfer relation in both total and radiopraphic patients(p<0.05). Mean radiographic case number was highly distributed on male(2.2 case number) in sex, on thirties(2.7) in age, transferred patient(2.7) in patient type, and on nurosurgery(3.4) in diagnostic charged part. Total radiographic case number in regional party was highly distributed on chest(998 case number.) Considering the above results, emergency radiographer should take care of the elder patient in emergency radiography and get hold of injury mechanism to decrease possible secondary injury during radiography. Because of high radiography rate of urinary system in special study, related instrument. All radiographer who take charge emergency patient should cope with a emergency situation during radiography. Because head trauma patients is very important in patient care, especilly in CT at night, charged doctor should be always sitted with CT room and monitoring patient. Radiography was reqested by many diagnostic department in ER. Considering that rate of simple radiography is high, special room for emergency radiopraphy should be established in ER area, and the radioprapher of this room should be stationed radiologic technician who is career and can implement emergency patient care and The disposition of men which is appropriate with emergency patient increase is necessary.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 2001

In Korea and Japan, dried oak mushrooms are classified into 12 to 16 different categories based on its external visual quality. And grading used to be done manually by the human expert and is limited to the randomly sampled oak mushrooms. Visual features of dried oak mushrooms dominate its quality and are distributed over both sides of the gill and the cap. The 2nd prototype computer vision based automatic grading and sorting system for dried oak mushrooms was developed based on the 1st prototype. Sorting function was improved and overall system for grading was simplified to one stage grading instead of two stage grading by inspecting both front and back sides of mushrooms. Neuro-net based side(gill or cap) recognition algorithm of the fed mushroom was adopted. Grading was performed with both images of gill and cap using neural network. A real time simultaneous discharge algorithm, which is good for objects randomly fed individually and for multi-objects located along a series of discharge buckets, was developed and implemented to the controller and the performance was verified. Two hundreds samples chosen from 10 samples per 20 grade categories were used to verify the performance of each unit such as feeding, reversing, grading, and discharging unites. Test results showed that success rates of one-line feeding, reversing, grading, and discharging functions were 93%, 95%, 94%, and 99% respectively. The developed prototype revealed successful performance such as the approximate sorting capability of 3,600 mushrooms/hr per each line i.e. average 1sec/mushroom. Considering processing time of approximate 0.2 sec for grading, it was desired to reduce time to reverse a mushroom to acquire the reversed surface image.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.127-133
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• 1997

Lithium remains the most widely used therapeutic agent for bipolar affective disorder, particularly mania. Although many investigators have studied the effects of lithium on abnormalities in monoamine neuro-transmitter as a pathophysiological basis of affective disorder, the action mechanism of lithium ion remains still unknown. To explore the action mechanism of lithium in the brain, we examined the effects of lithium on the extrasynaptosomal concentrations of catecholamines and their metabolites. Synaptosomes were prepared from the rat forebrains and assays of catecholamines and metabolites were made using HPLC with an electrochemical detector. Lithium of 1mM decreased the extrasynaptosomal concentrations of NE from the control group of $3.07{\pm}1.19$ to the treated group of $0.00{\pm}0.00$ (ng/ml of synaptosomal suspension) but not that of DHPG. It can be suggested that lithium increases synaptosomal uptake of NE. Increased intraneuronal uptake of NE would decrease neurotransmission and extraneuronal metabolism of NE. Because increased brain NE metabolism and neurotransmission have been suggested as important components in the pathophysiology of bipolar affective disorder, especially mania, lithium-induced increase of intraneuronal NE uptake can be suspected as an action mechanism of therapeutic effect of lithium in manic patient, possibly in bipolar affective disorder.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.378-385
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• 2002

Oxidant radicals are implicated as a causal factor in the pathogenesis of neurobiological disorders and neuro-degenerative diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of edible plants against oxidative stress in bovine brain tissue. Fifty five kinds of edible plants grown in Korea were dried either by freeze-drying or hot-air drying (7$0^{\circ}C$), and evaluated for their antioxidant activity by measuring TBARS (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) in brain homogenates subjected to Fe$^{+2}$_mediated lipid peroxidation with or without the addition of botanical extracts. Heat-drying decreased the antioxidant activity of most plant extracts by 10~81%, compared with freeze-drying. However, Aruncus americanus, Ligularia stenocephala, Artemisia princceps var. orientalis, Petasites japonicus and Aster scaber showed very strong antioxidant activities regardless of processing, with or without heat treatment. The $IC_{50}$/ values of the methanol extracts from these edible plants were in the range of 0.093~0.379 mg/$m\ell$, which was lower than that of ascorbic acid (0.79 mg/$m\ell$). Thermal processing of some edible plants enhanced their antioxidant activity.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.11c
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• pp.231-235
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• 2001

Insulation aging diagnosis system provides early warning regarding electrical equipment defect. Early warning is very important in that it can avoid great losses resulting from unexpected shutdown of the production line. Since relations of insulation aging and partial discharge dynamics are non-linear, it is very difficult to provide early warning in an electrical equipment. In this paper, we propose the design method of insulation aging diagnosis system that use a magnetic wave and acoustic signal to diagnoses an electrical equipment. Proposed system measures the partial discharge on-line from DAS(Data Acquisition System) and acquires 2D Patterns from analyzing it. For fettering the noise contained in sensor signals we used ICA algorithms. Using this data design of the neuro-fuzzy model that diagnoses an electrical equipment is investigated. Validity of the new method is asserted by numerical simulation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.672-674
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• 2023

본 논문은 뉴로-심볼릭 구조를 바탕으로 일반 텍스트로부터 온톨로지 생성이 가능한 심층 신경망 기반 온톨로지 추출기를 제안한다. 온톨로지 추출 단계를 (i) 온톨로지 학습 및 (ii) 온톨로지 생성의 2 단계로 상정, (i) 일반 텍스트로부터 문장 구조 및 논리적 관계를 학습하는 트랜스포머 기반 심층 생성 신경망 출력을 이용하여 (ii) 계층적으로 결합한 심볼릭 추론기로 온톨로지를 생성하는 뉴로-심볼릭 구조 온톨로지 추출기를 구현하였다. 1800 개 훈련 집합으로 학습 후 200 개 테스트 집합으로 평가한 결과, 정확도 91.9%, Precision 100%, Recall 99.1%로 비교 모델 OpenIE 의 성능에 비해서 각각 83.8%, 1.8%, 3.5% 개선된 것을 확인하였다. 정성적 품질에 있어서, 복잡한 문장 (예: 관계대명사, 접속사, 중첩 구조)에서도 비교 모델에 비해 더 정밀한 온톨로지 생성 결과를 보였다.