• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.27-35
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• 2011

Design of Sensor nodes in Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) should be considered some properties as electricity consumption, transmission speed, range, etc., and also be needed the protection against various attacks (e.g., eavesdropping, hacking, leakage of customer's secret data, and denial of services). The stream cipher Rabbit, selected for the final eSTREAM portfolio organized by EU ECRYPT and selected as algorithm in part of ISO/IEC 18033-4 Stream Ciphers on ISO Security Standardization recently, is a high speed stream cipher suitable for WSN. Since the stream cipher Rabbit was evaluated the complexity of side-channel analysis attack as 'Medium' in a theoretical approach, thus the method of power analysis attack to the stream cipher Rabbit and the verification of our method by practical experiments were described in this paper. We implemented the stream cipher Rabbit without countermeasures of power analysis attack on IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee board with 8-bit RISC AVR microprocessor ATmega128L chip, and performed the experiments of power analysis based on difference of means and template using a Hamming weight model.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.11-32
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• 2009

Objective : This study was designed to investigate anti-cancer and whitening activities (LC). So it was investigated the effects of LC on proliferation rates of melanoma genetic profile by LC. Methods : The genetic profile for the effect of LC on human derived melanoma cell, SK-MEL-2, was measured using microarray technique, and the functional analysis on these genes were conducted. Total 441 genes were up-regulated and 830 genes down-regulated in cells treated with LC. Genes induced or suppressed by LC were all mainly concerned with basic signalling pathways, which are involved in cell growth, differentiation and migration. Especially, many genes, which are related in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were up-regulated by treatment with LC, and genes related in cell cycle were down-regulated. Result : The network of total protein interactions were identified by using cytoscape program, and some key molecules, such as BCL2L1, SIN3A, SMAD2 and c-myc that can be used for elucidation of therapeutical mechanism of medicine in the future. Conclusion : These results suggest possibility of LC as addition drug and whitening cosmetics. In addition, it was also suggested that related mechanisms are involved in BCL2L1, SIN3A, SMAD2 and c-myc related signalling pathways.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1553-1571
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• 1993

A significant amount of research has focused on the development of highly parallel architectures to obtain far more computational power than conventional computer systems. These architectures usually comprise of a large number of processors communicating through an interconnection network. The VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) and WSI (Wafer Scale Integration) cellular arrays form one important class of those parallel architectures, and consist of a large number of simple processing cells, all on a single chip or wafer, each interconnected only to its neighbors. This paper studies three fundamental issues in these arrays : fault-tolerant reconfiguration. functional reconfiguration, and their integration. The paper examines conventional techniques, and gives an in-depth discussion about fault-tolerant reconfiguration and functional reconfiguration, presenting testing control strategy, configuration control strategy, steps required f4r each reconfiguration, and other relevant topics. The issue of integrating fault tolerant reconfiguration and functional reconfiguration has been addressed only recently. To tackle that problem, the paper identifies the relation between fault tolerant reconfiguration and functional reconfiguration, and discusses appropriate testing and configuration control strategy for integrated reconfiguration on VLSI and WSI cellular arrays.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.189-198
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• 2008

At present, companies write daily work record or use bar-code in order to collect distribution flow data in real time. However, it needs additional works to check the record or read the bar-code with a scanner. In this case, human error could decrease accuracy of data and it would cause problems in reliability. To solve this problem, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is introduced in many automatic recognition sector recently. RFID is a technology that identification data is inserted into micro-mini IC chip and recognize, trace, and manage object, animal, or person using wireless frequency. This is being emerged as the core technology in future ubiquitous environment. This study is intended to suggest RFID application method in franchise business. Traceability and visibility of individual product are supplied based on EPCglobal network. It includes DW system which supplies various assessment data about product in supply chain, financial transaction system which is based on product transaction and position information, and RFID middleware which refines and divides product data from RFID tag. With the suggested application methods, individual product's profile data are supplied in real time and it would boost reliability to customer and make effective cooperation with existing operation systems (SCM, CRM, and e-Business) possible.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.123-127
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• 2008

The paper is to solve the problem of existing audio signal transfer system which has a difficulties of system organization and the increase of additional install cost and unfriendly interior. To solve the existing system, we drew the new audio signal transfer system based on PLC and evaluated it. A transmitter and a receiver were designed using the PLC chip INT5500CS. An audio signal transfer system was configured with a CD player to which audio signals are sent from the transmitter and a speaker connected to the receiver. For performance evaluation of this system, a USBPre external sound card and Smaart Live 5 which is a PC-based sound measuring program were added. As a result of our experiment, the measured signal level is $2{\sim}3$ dB lower than reference signal, latency is 16.69 ms, and the specific character of coherency is bad in high frequency band. Otherwise, this system transmits and receives signals over 90 % in good condition as a result of measuring pink noise, frequency (1 kHz), and phase, magnitude. In view of the result so far achieved, the system designed this study has excellent performance, it resolves defect of existing audio signal transfer system.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.71-82
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• 2004

Recently, network model inspired by social insect behavior attracts the public attention. The AntNet is an adaptive and distributed routing algorithm using mobile agents, called ants, that mimic the activities of social insect. In this paper. we present a new hardware architecture to realize an AntNet-based routing in practical system on a chip application. The modified AntNet algorithm for hardware implementation is compared with the original algorithm on the various traffic patterns and topologies. Implementation results show that the proposed architecture is suitable and efficient to realize adaptive routing based on the AntNet.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.11
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• pp.32-40
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• 2016

IEEE 802.15.4 is the one of the protocols for radio communication in a personal area network. Because of low cost and low power communication for IoT communication, it requires the highest optimization level in the implementation. Recently, the studies of location aware algorithm based on IEEE802.15.4 standard has been achieved. Location estimation is performed basically in equal consideration of reference node information and blind node information. However, an error is not calculated in this algorithm despite the fact that the coordinates of the estimated location of the blind node include an error. In this paper, we enhanced a conventual maximum likelihood estimation using weighted coefficient and implement the hardwired location aware engine for small code size and low power consumption. On the field test using test-beds, the suggested hardware based location awareness method results better accuracy by 10 percents and reduces both calculation and memory access by 30 percents, which improves the systems power consumption.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.229-240
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• 2004

This paper reports on our development of a dual-mode transceiver for a CMOS high-rate Bluetooth system-onchip solution. The transceiver includes most of the radio building blocks such as an active complex filter, a Gaussian frequency shift keying (GFSK) demodulator, a variable gain amplifier (VGA), a dc offset cancellation circuit, a quadrature local oscillator (LO) generator, and an RF front-end. It is designed for both the normal-rate Bluetooth with an instantaneous bit rate of 1 Mb/s and the high-rate Bluetooth of up to 12 Mb/s. The receiver employs a dualconversion combined with a baseband dual-path architecture for resolving many problems such as flicker noise, dc offset, and power consumption of the dual-mode system. The transceiver requires none of the external image-rejection and intermediate frequency (IF) channel filters by using an LO of 1.6 GHz and the fifth order onchip filters. The chip is fabricated on a $6.5-mm^{2}$ die using a standard $0.25-{\mu}m$ CMOS technology. Experimental results show an in-band image-rejection ratio of 40 dB, an IIP3 of -5 dBm, and a sensitivity of -77 dBm for the Bluetooth mode when the losses from the external components are compensated. It consumes 42 mA in receive ${\pi}/4-diffrential$ quadrature phase-shift keying $({\pi}/4-DQPSK)$ mode of 8 Mb/s, 35 mA in receive GFSK mode of 1 Mb/s, and 32 mA in transmit mode from a 2.5-V supply. These results indicate that the architecture and circuits are adaptable to the implementation of a low-cost, multi-mode, high-speed wireless personal area network.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.430-436
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• 2000

In this paper, we have studied the effect of constituent ratio NiO, CuO and doped with B-Bi-Zn on proper-ties(microstructure, density, shrinkage, permeability as a function of frequency, etc.) of hexagonal-ferrite for high fre- quency chip-inductor material about several GHz. The permeability were analyzed by impedance analyzer(100 kHz∼ 40 MHz) and network analyzed(30 MHz∼3 GHz). As a result of the characteristics. the B-Bi-Zn glass ceramic was used to lower the sintering temperature for additive as function of frequency from 100kHz to 1.8 GHz showed con-stant tends. The maximum imaginary value of complex permeability was observed near the resonance frequency of 2 GHz.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.44 no.4 s.316
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• pp.1-9
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• 2007

An embedded system is implemented in this work by removing PCMCIA dedicate controller chip from ARM processor based embedded Linux system. In this paper, we propose PCMCIA interface architecture by using Ad hoc methods for wireless network. The proposed system is developed based on S3C2410A processor and it is interfaced with PCMCIA socket by using combinational digital logic circuits. It is interesting to observe that Ad hoc interface provides $97.9%{\sim}102.49%$ performance when compared with dedicate controller systems. The results indicate that the proposed method simplifies the system without loss of performance.