• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.5-28
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• 2020

This study was conducted to discuss concrete ways to contribute to the sustainability of the planet by actively applying and using digital and IT resources in libraries. To this end, a survey was conducted for librarians of public libraries, and the results were as follows. First, librarians' awareness of the seriousness of environmental problems and the degree of eco-friendly activities were very high, but their awareness of library green IT and familiarity with eco-related terms were very low. Nevertheless, there was a high degree of agreement on the importance of applying green IT to libraries. Second, the areas evaluated as having the highest contribution to eco-friendliness and greening of the library were found in the equipment and product operation area, followed by the service area and the network and system area. Third, how do you think library green IT will have a social impact? The highest opinion was given that it could increase the awareness of the library's social responsibility as a social infrastructure. In conclusion, it seems that the library's green IT can contribute to improving library perception by making the public perceived as an institution that has a social responsibility as a social infrastructure.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.215-219
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• 2013

The descending control system is composed of a group of structures in the midbrain, medulla oblongata and pons that form a network of descending inhibitory projections. In the clinical setting, it has been shown that the application of a electrical counterirritant to these structures and diminishes the pain in patients. Thus, depression and anxiety have been shown to predict the development of chronic neuropathic pain state. These factors could influence pain might also involve descending controls. Interestingly, reduced descending controls are seen in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and theses patients had greater anxiety, depression compared to controls. And, the influence of anxiety on the chronicity of pain and on the descending control pathways should be tested in animal models, using modern techniques. Given this Knowledge, it is no wonder that pain is a highly personal experience that is susceptible to a variety of biologic, pharmacologic, and environmental influences.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.4C
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• pp.333-341
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• 2002

This article is written to make a foundation for effective radio network engineering by enabling the accurate traffic assumption between Base Station (BTS : Base Station Transceiver Subsystem) md Repeater through the scientific and systematic analysis of mobile traffic dealt within CDMA Base Station. Among these, Repeater, having direct physical connection with BTS, simply does the remote relay function but the volume of the traffic flowed into the repeater is not accountable. The total BTS traffic is the sum of traffic dealt by the BTS and multiple Repeaters. In this article, we tried traffic analysis of this kind by adopting RTD (Round Trip Delay) which is specially designed to measure distribution of the distance between the Base Station and the Mobile station by differentiating the traffic dealt by BTS from traffic dealt by Repeaters. The fact that the connection between mobile station and BTS via Repeater (which is located remotely) yields far more delay than the direct connection between mobile station and BTS is the clue of this article. Based on this fact, Time Delay equipment was put at the receiving side of the Repeater to add certain amount of delay to the traffic to BTS and the result showed that the 99.78% of the traffic can be identified.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.10B
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• pp.1050-1061
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• 2009

The Tactical Internet(TI) managed by Infantry Brigades is used for the purpose of sharing information of Command Control and Situation Awareness. When there are more than two destinations to transmit data in the TI system, a multicasting is utilized based on pre-defined multicast groups. However even in the case when a source node needs to send some messages like weathercast and attack alarm etc to only a part of Battalion or Brigades in a specific geographical region (destination region), the current TI multicasting protocol is designed to transmit the messages to the pre-defined group or all of the Battalion/Brigade nodes, resulting in inefficiency in terms of end-to-end delay and overhead. In this paper, we propose more efficient protocol for such cases, named as "Tactical Internet Geocasting (TIG)". The proposed scheme firstly checks whether the destination region belongs to one Battalion region or more than two Battalion regions using location information, and then performs a greedy forwarding from the source node to the destination region, followed by a local flooding inside of the destination region. With performance analysis and simulations using NS-2, TIG is compared to the current TI multicasting protocol (i.e., Simplified MDP) and the LBM (Location-based Multicast). The simulation results show that the proposed TIG is more efficient than both in terms of delay and network overhead.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.821-832
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• 1998

This study investigates the prediction of daily water supply, which is a necessary for the efficient management of water distribution system. Fuzzy neuron, namely artificial intelligence, is a neural network into which fuzzy information is inputted and then processed. In this study, daily water supply was predicted through an adaptive learning method by which a membership function and fuzzy rules were adapted for daily water supply prediction. This study was investigated methods for predicting water supply based on data about the amount of water supplied to the city of Kwangju. For variables choice, four analyses of input data were conducted: correlation analysis, autocorrelation analysis, partial autocorrelation analysis, and cross-correlation analysis. Input variables were (a) the amount of water supplied (b) the mean temperature, and (c)the population of the area supplied with water. Variables were combined in an integrated model. Data of the amount of daily water supply only was modelled and its validity was verified in the case that the meteorological office of weather forecast is not always reliable. Proposed models include accidental cases such as a suspension of water supply. The maximum error rate between the estimation of the model and the actual measurement was 18.35% and the average error was lower than 2.36%. The model is expected to be a real-time estimation of the operational control of water works and water/drain pipes.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2016

The power transformation system of High Speed rolling stocks like KTX-Sancheon has shown excellent control capacities in the areas of riding comfortability, switching efficiency, safety and energy consumption due to technical developments in power-electronics, high speed & large scale integrated semiconductors and microprocessors. However, harmonics from IGBT, a high speed switching device used in the Convertor & Invertor equipment of rolling stocks have given rise to various problems in transformer substations, signaling systems, data transmission systems and facility monitoring systems. Especially, TI21 non-insulated track circuits have malfunctioned due to the influence of returning current harmonics which were generated at around of integer times of the number of power transformation equipment in the frequency domain. This paper, measures and analyzes various schemes to analyze the traveling path of the returning current harmonics generated due to the relationship between the rolling stocks and track circuits on site. Ultimately, theseschemes will be used to design high speed rolling stocks, AF track circuits and a common grounding network.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.177-188
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• 2018

The scale of graph data has been increased rapidly because of the growth of mobile Internet applications and the proliferation of social network services. This brings upon the imminent necessity of efficient distributed and parallel graph processing approach since the size of these large-scale graphs are easily over a capacity of a single machine. Currently, there are two popular parallel graph processing approaches, vertex-centric graph processing and block centric processing. While a vertex-centric graph processing approach can easily be applied to the parallel processing system, a block-centric graph processing approach is proposed to compensate the drawbacks of the vertex-centric approach. In these systems, the initial quality of graph partition affects to the overall performance significantly. However, it is a very difficult problem to divide the graph into optimal states at the initial phase. Thus, several dynamic load balancing techniques have been studied that suggest the progressive partitioning during the graph processing time. In this paper, we present a load balancing algorithms for the block-centric graph processing approach where most of dynamic load balancing techniques are focused on vertex-centric systems. Our proposed algorithm focus on an improvement of the graph partition quality by dynamically reassigning blocks in runtime, and suggests block split strategy for escaping local optimum solution.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.87-92
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• 2012

In the early 2012, European Union proposed new legal framework, including the right to be forgotten, for the protection of personal data. The new Proposal articulates kind of sweeping new privacy right and there has been debates on its potential threat to free speech in the digital age. While the situation is similar in Korea, I want to introduce the right to be forgotten in the Proposal. Then, I will analyze current legal system in Korea regarding the new privacy right and suggest some guidelines in searching direction for the coming legislation with respect to the right to be forgotten. The right to be forgotten should not have been promulgated without considering fully its effect on the free speech, especially in the society where the voice toward direct democracy or movement toward participation of the citizen, mainly through cyber space or Social Network Services, has risen much higher in Korea. Especially, the new right seems not to cover the control of data subject on a third party where the third party expressing his opinion by posting himself other's personal data on his blog or others.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1027-1032
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• 2016

Antigen is substance causing disease derived from pathogen. Living organism has the immune system in terms of defense mechanism against antigen. Antigen is processed through several pathways such as phagocytosis, antibody action, complement activation, and cytotoxins by NK or cytotoxic T lymphocyte via MHC molecule. Lymph node (LN) is comprised of the complicated 3 dimensional network and several stromal cells. Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRC) are distributed in T zone for interaction with T cells. FRC produces the extra cellular matrix (ECM) into LN for ECM reorganization against pathogen infections and secretes homing chemokines. However, it has not so much been known about the involvement of the antigen process of FRC. The present report is for the function of FRC on antigen process. For this, FRC was positioned with several infected situations such as co-culture with macrophage, T cell, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and TNFα stimulation. When co-culture between FRC with macrophage and T cells was performed, morphological change of FRC was observed and empty space between FRCs was made by morphological change. The matrix metallo-proteinase (MMP) activity was up-regulated by Y27632 and T cells onto FRC. Furthermore, inflammatory cytokine, TNFα regulated the expression of adhesion molecules and MHC I antigen transporter in FRC by gene chip assay. NO production was elevated by FRC monolayer co-cultured with macrophage stimulated by LPS. GFP antigen was up-taken by macrophage co-cultured with FRC. Collectively, it suggests that FRC assists of the facilitation of antigen process and LN stroma is implicated into antigen process pathway.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.32-44
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• 2002

The role of radiology department has been greatly increased in the past few years as the technology in the medical imaging devices improved and the introduction of PACS (Picture Archiving and Communications System) to the conventional film-based diagnostic structure is a truly remarkable factor to the medical history. In addition, the value of using digital information in medical imaging is highly expected to grow as the technology over the computer and the network improves. However, the current medical practice, using PACS is somewhat limited compared to the film-based conventional one due to a poor image quality. The image quality is the most important and inevitable factor in the PACS environment and it is one of the most necessary steps to more wide practice of digital imaging. The existing image quality control tools are limited in controlling images produced from the medical modalities, because they cannot display the real image changing status. Thus, the image quality is distorted and the ability to diagnosis becomes hindered compared to the one of the film-based practice. In addition, the workflow of the radiologist greatly increases; as every doctor has to perform his or her own image quality control every time they view images produced from the medical modalities. To resolve these kinds of problems and enhance current medical practice under the PACS environment, we have developed a program to display a better image quality by using the ROI optical density of the existing gray level values. When the LUT is used properly, small detailed regions, which cannot be seen by using the existing image quality controls are easily displayed and thus, greatly improves digital medical practice. The purpose of this study is to provide an easier medical practice to physicians, by applying the technology of converting the H-D curves of the analog film screen to the digital imaging technology and to preset image quality control values to each exposed body part, modality and group of physicians for a better and easier medical practice. We have asked to 5 well known professional physicians to compare image quality of the same set of exam by using the two different methods: existing image quality control and the LUT technology. As the result, the LUT technology was enormously favored over the existing image quality control method. All the physicians have pointed out the far more superiority of the LUT over the existing image quality control method and highly praised its ability to display small detailed regions, which cannot be displayed by existing image quality control tools. Two physicians expressed the necessity of presetting the LUT values for each exposed body part. Overall, the LUT technology yielded a great interest among the physicians and highly praised for its ability to overcome currently embedded problems of PACS. We strongly believe that the LUT technology can enhance the current medical practice and open a new beginning in the future medical imaging.