• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.56-64
• /
• 1987

The concept of standard error ellipse and confidence ellipse is vtilized in the detection of displaced station which are uncluded in the observational network. In this paper, the influences on the accuracy of unknown stations according to the varied selection and geometrical conditions of fixed stations were evaluated. And then the displaced stations were detected by error ellipse concept, and the amounts of displacement were determined by coordinate differences between epochs which were calculated by fixed point adjustment and free network adjustment. As a result, it is found that the free network adjustment is more efficient in the detection and displacement calculation of displaced stations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
• /
• 2007.04a
• /
• pp.7-10
• /
• 2007

The 1st order vertical network of Korea was adjusted in 1987 at first time. This is the second adjustment of the 1st order vertical network of Korea by National Geographic Information Institute. All the levelling data were acquired by digital level with invar staff. The number of 1st order level lines are 36, and 34 level lines comprise 11 circles of level network. Backward and forward error of a few level lines are larger than the regulations of NGII, Korea. Also, 3 circles of vertical network has circuit closure error that is exceed the regulation. As the result of 1st order vertical network adjustment, the reference standard error of the vertical network was $1.8mm/{\surd}km$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.48-62
• /
• 1985

A method for the free network adjustment is proposed, based on the application of generalized inverse matrix (g-inverse). If the network adjustment is executed according to the solution with parameters, especially when all coordinates are considered as parameters to keep unity strength, the matrix of normal equation will be singular. This paper discusses the problem of singular matrix and the analysis of accuracy between conventional method and the free network adjustment of trilateration. In case of the adjustment, the RMS errors of adjusted X, Y coordinates are increased to 35.6% in a polygon, central-point figure, and 50.5% in a quadrilateral. In the elements of error ellipse, the RMS errors are decreased by $\pm$24.5% (a) and $\pm$5.0 % (b) in the polygon, $\pm$42.6% (a) and $\pm$49.2% (b) in the quadrilateral. Introduction of free network adjustment, therefore, could be applied to improvement of relative accuracy in the horizontal positioning.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
• /
• 2007.04a
• /
• pp.43-46
• /
• 2007

This paper focuses on examining and evaluating recent results of the national wide horizontal network adjustment which has carried out with respect to the Korean Geodetic Datum 2002 (KGD2002). To do this, 137 geodetic control points were observed by modem GPS technology. After processing all the observations, their outcomes are compared with ones provided by the national wide network adjustment. Results of GPS network show that RMSE is ${\pm}2.7cm\;and\;{\pm}6.5cm$ in horizontal and vertical component, respectively. On the other hand, ones from comparison with EDM network indicate that RMSE is ${\pm}3.0cm$ in horizontal component.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 1995.10a
• /
• pp.83-86
• /
• 1995

This paper proposes an auto-tuning method of feedforward signal in boiler control of thermal power plants by using the neural network. The neural network produces an optimal feedforward signal by tuning the weights of the network. The weights are adapted effectively by using the teaching signal of PI control output. The proposed method was evaluated based on a detailed simulator which expressed non-linear characteristics of the 600 MW actual thermal power plant at load chaning operations, showed effectiveness in the learning of the weights of the neural network, and gave an accurate control performance in the temperature control of the system. Through the evaluation, the proposed method was proved to be effectively applicable to the actual thermal plants as the automatic adjustment tool.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.38 no.5
• /
• pp.415-423
• /
• 2020

GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) is mostly used for high-precise surveys due to its accuracy and efficiency. But this technique does not always fulfill the demanding accuracy in harsh operational environments such as urban canyon and forest. One of the remedies for overcoming this barrier is to compose a heterogeneous surveying network by adopting terrestrial measurements (i.e., distances and angles). Hence, this study dealt with the adjustment of heterogeneous surveying networks consisted of GNSS baseline vectors, distances, horizontal and vertical angles with a view to enhancing their accuracy and so as to derive an appropriate scheme of the measurement combination. Reviewing some technical issues of the network adjustments, the simulation, and experimental studies have been carried out, showing that the inclusion of the terrestrial measurements in the GNSS standalone overall increased the accuracy of the adjusted coordinates. Especially, if the distances, the horizontal angles, or both of them were simultaneously adjusted with GNSS baselines, the accuracy of the GNSS horizontal component was improved. Comparing the inclusion of the horizontal angles with those of the distances, the former has been more influential on accuracy than the latter even though the same number of measurements were employed in the network. On the other hand, results of the GNSS network adjustment together with the vertical angles demonstrated the enhancement of the vertical accuracy. As conclusion, this paper proposes a simultaneous adjustment of GNSS baselines and the terrestrial measurements for an effective scheme that overcomes the limitation of GNSS control surveys.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 1996.10b
• /
• pp.310-313
• /
• 1996

In this paper, a neural control algorithm is proposed on the automation of adjustment process. The adjustment processes in camcoder production line are modelled, and the processes are adjusted automatically by means of off-line supervisory trained multi-layer neural network. We have made many experiments on the several adjustment processes by using the control algorithm. There are many unexpected troubles to achieve the desirable adjust time in the practical application. To overcome those, some auxiliary algorithms are demanded. As a result, our proposed algorithm has some advantages - simple architecture, easy extraction of the training data without expertises, adaptability to the varying systems, and wide application for the other resemble processes.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.694-708
• /
• 2000

The main purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of self efficacy and social support to the psychosocial adjustment in people with epilepsy. Data were collected from October 1 to October 15, 1999 from 101 people with epilepsy who were being treated regularly at one of the university hospitals located in Seoul. The research instruments were a questionnaire to gather demographic and disease-specific data, the Epilepsy Psycho- Social Effects Scale developed by Chaplin et al(1990), the Epilepsy Self Efficacy Scale developed by DiIorio et al(1992a) and translated by Park(1999), the Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire developed by Norbeck et al(1981) and translated by Oh(1985). Data were analyzed using the SPSS program. The results are as follow : 1. Of the 14 psychosocial adjustment areas, 75 of 101 subjects experienced problems in ten or more areas and 28 in all 14 areas. The severity of the psychosocial adjustment problem was moderate or more in six areas. 2. The score for self efficacy was an average of 1103.86 out of a possible 1800, for social support 117.57 for total functional out of a possible 720, and 48.21 for total network out of a possible 264. There were an average of five people on the network. The main network people were parents, brothers and sisters, spouse, friends. 3. Of the 14 psychosocial adjustment areas, six areas correlated with self efficacy and 'problems with taking medication' area had a negative correlation with social support. In conclusion, people with epilepsy have various problems in psychosocial adjustment. Nursing interventions using self efficacy should be developed to improve psychosocial adjustment in people with epilepsy. Also, instruments and interventions for regimen-specific supports which are suitable for epilepsy should be developed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.66-72
• /
• 1987

It is well known that a triangulateration net is superior to a trilateration net or triangulation net in a same configuration. In general, to explain this nature is not easy because the large residuals and reference variance are revealed in the adjustment of a heterogeneous network. In this paper the precision and the reliability of network are discussed, and the considerations of simultaneous adjustment are covered A practical example shows that the concept and criteria of reliability give better estimate than the precision in heterogeneous network.

• Architectural research
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.43-49
• /
• 2009

Since the late 1980s, the schedule technique applied to the construction industry around the world has rapidly changed from the traditional ADM (Arrow Diagramming Method) to the PDM (Precedence Diagramming Method) technique. The main reason for this change is to overcome the limits and inconveniences of the traditional ADM technique. The time-cost trade-off is one of the core scheduling techniques to establish the best optimized combination plan in terms of a relationship between the cost and schedule. However, most of the schedule-related textbooks and research papers have discussed and proposed applications of a time-cost trade-off technique based only on the Finish to Start relationship. Therefore, there are almost no consideration and discussion of problems or restrictions that emerge when the time-cost trade-off technique is applied to the PDM network that has overlapping relationships. This paper proposes the lead-time adjustment method as a methodology for overcoming some restrictions that are encountered when the time-cost trade-off technique is applied to the overlapping relationships of the PDM network.