• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.225-232
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• 2024

Objectives: The purpose of this case study was to report the effect of Chuna therapy include Space Spinal Conduction Exercise and Manipulation Treatment for Functional dyspepsia patients. Methods: A 32-years-old male patients with functional dyspepsia visited the clinic ten times from March 17th 2023 to April 22th 2023. To assess the treatment outcomes, we used the Standard tool for pattern identification of Functional dyspepsia and Nepean Dyspepsia Index-Korean version (NDI-K) symptom score. Result: After treatment, Standard tool for pattern identification of Functional dyspepsia and Nepean Dyspepsia Index-Korean version (NDI-K) score decreased. Conclusion: Chuna therapy include Space Spinal Conduction Exercise and Manipulation Treatment was effective in the treatment of patient with Functional dyspepsia.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.100-104
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to observe the effectiveness of the Korean medical complex treatments for functional dyspepsia (FD). And we observed NDI-K (Nepean dyspepsia index-Korean version) and algometer on acupoints to confirm the treatment effectiveness. In this retrospective study, we investigated 77 patients with FD symptoms who admitted to 00 Korean Hospital for 2 weeks from April 14, 2020 to March 31, 2021. All patietns were treated with herbal medicines, acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, moxa treatment, aroma therapy, So-jeok and So-jeok II therapy. On the day of admission and discharge, NDI-K, algometer on acupoints (CV12, CV10, ST25, ST27, SP14) were examined twice. Among the NDI-K values, all 14 items except for poor breathing were decreased statistically significantly. The algometer values were increased statistically significantly in all acupoints (CV12, CV10, ST25, ST27, SP14). These results suggest that Korean medical treatment can be useful in the treatment of FD.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.113-121
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• 2015

Objectives Functional dyspepsia is a type of disease characterized by bothersome postprandial fullness, early satiation, epigastric pain and burning without structural gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in symptoms, quality of life, HRV (Heart Rate Variability) before and after abdominal manipulation therapy in functional dyspepsia patients. Methods We recruited twenty functional dyspepsia patients from the volunteers who applied for this clinical trial. State of Patients were assessed by NDI-K (Nepean Dyspepsia Index Korean Version), HRV (Heart Rate Variability) before treatment. After 4 times of abdominal manipulation therapy for 2 weeks, state of patients were assessed by the same methods. Results Total symptom score and total quality of life score of NDI-K were significantly improved by the abdominal manipulation therapy. After the treatment, the number of subjects within normal range of LF/HF ratio was significantly increased. Although the median of LF/HF ratio did not significantly changed, interquartile range was reduced. Conclusions Abdominal manipulation therapy possibly can be an effective treatment for functional dyspepsia patients, but further studies are needed to demonstrate the effectiveness of abdominal manipulation therapy for functional dyspepsia patients.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.319-328
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this research was to compare the effect of general acupuncture therapy to Hominis placenta Pharmacopuncture therapy on pain and discomfort of severe dyspepsia in upper abdomen. Methods : We investigated 60 cases of patients with severe dyspepsia, who had been treated at Dept. of Internal Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine Dongeui University from May 2011 to September 2012. We divided patients into two groups : Group I was treated by general acupuncture(ACU, n=30) and Group II was treated by Hominis placenta Pharmacopuncture therapy(PHA, n=30). The symptoms and quality of life were measured with the Nepean dyspepsia index-Korean version(NDI-K) at baseline and 2 weeks. The responsiveness of the NDI-K was evaluated by correlation with symptom scores. Results : In ACU group, the 13 symptom scores were significantly decreased after treatment(p<0.05). In PHA group, the 9 symptom scores were significantly decreased after treatment(p<0.05). In ACU group, the 3 Quality of life(QOL) scores were significantly increased after treatment(p<0.01). In PHA group, the 3 QOL scores were significantly increased after treatment(p<0.05). Conclusions : General acupuncture therapy and Hominis placenta Pharmacopuncture therapy improves the symptoms and the quality of life in patients with severe dyspepsia. But there were no significant differences statistically between the two groups.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.140-151
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• 2014

Objectives: Cold hypersensitivity has been regarded to be associated with digestive function. This study is aims to evaluate the correlation between digestive function and coldness of hands. Methods: We made a research of 80 women who is in ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ University. The patients were subjected to thermometer, and those with thermal difference between upper arm and palm were diagnosed with cold hypersensitivity. The patients were divided into two group by cold hypersensitivity group (n=20), and non-cold hypersensitivity group (n=19), and 39 women are mesured by Nepean dyspepsia index-Korean version (NDI-K) to evaluate the severity of functional dyspepsia. Results: There was no difference between two groups on age, height, weight. In functional dyspepsia symptom score, 6 symptoms (Pain in upper abdomen, Burning in upper abdomen, Cramps in upper abdomen, Pressure in upper abdomen, Vomiting, Bad breath) out of 15 were significantly increased in cold hypersensitivity group compared with non-cold hypersensitivity group. And in quality of life score, 3 domains (Tension/sleep, Interference with daily activities, Knowledge/control) out of 5, and total quality of life score were significantly decreased in cold hypersensitivity group compared with non-cold hypersensitivity group. Conclusions: This study shows the correlation between cold hypersensitivity and digestive function.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.1349-1355
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• 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of additional administration of Banha-sasim-tang formulation to patients with gastrointestinal symptoms that did not improve with Western medicines. Methods: The patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were analyzed retrospectively. A paired t-test was performed on the Nepean Dyspepsia Index-Korean version (NDI-K) scores before and after administering the Banha-sasim-tang formulation. Results: A total of 27 subjects were included. The mean duration of taking the Banha-sasim-tang formulation was 15.6±3.1 days. The most commonly used Western medicine before taking the Banha-sasim-tang formulation was rebamipide. The means of the NDI-K score were 57.4±21.8 before administering Banha-sasim-tang formulation and 34.9±16.5 after administration, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.0001). No serious side effects were encountered while taking the Banha-sasim-tang formulation. Conclusions: For patients whose gastrointestinal symptoms do not improve with Western medicines, additional administration of Banha-sasim-tang formulation may be an option. However, as this study is a retrospective chart review, prospective, large-scale, double-blind studies are needed in the future.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.570-591
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• 2018

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the correlation between gastric emptying measurement by ultrasonography and the findings of various questionnaires of functional dyspepsia (FD) or in Korean medicine to explore the possibility of quantification of questionnaires. Methods: Eighty-eight patients (44 patients with FD and 44 healthy controls) were recruited from October 2016 to November 2017. Gastric emptying half-time (T1/2) was measured by ultrasonography at fasting, and at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after meals (apple juice, 500 ml, 224 kcal). The average half-time (average T1/2) was calculated by averaging all measured half-times. A visual analogue scale (VAS), food retention questionnaire (FRQ), damum questionnaire (DQ), cold and heat questionnaire (CHQ), deficiency and excess questionnaire (DEQ), spleen-qi deficiency questionnaire (SQDQ), Nepean dyspepsia index-Korean version (NDI-K), and quality of life of NDI (NDI-QoL) were filled out by all participants. Correlation between the average T1/2 and questionnaires were analyzed for 79 patients (37 patients with FD and 42 healthy controls) after excluding missing and erroneous data. Results: The FRQ, DEQ, SQDQ, NDI-K, and NDI-QoL scores, especially for some gastrointestinal symptoms and general weakness-related symptoms, showed statistically significant correlations with average T1/2. Conclusions: Our results suggest that gastric emptying measurement by ultrasonography may be a quantitative substitute method for some Korean medical questionnaires or for some dyspepsia-related and deficiency-related items among them. However, further studies using various measurements of gastric emptying will be needed.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.157-174
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• 2014

Objectives : The aims of this study were to evaluate the diagnostic values of tongue coating thickness and sterno-costal angle as the quantitative diagnostic indicators in functional dyspepsia. Methods : We surveyed 60 functional dyspepsia patients recruited by the clinical trial, 'Clinical Trial for Evaluation on Availability of tongue diagnosis system (CTS-1000) : a Pilot study'. The patients were classified into three groups according to Rome III criteria for functional dyspepsia, and categorized into five groups according to Instrument of pattern identification for functional dyspepsia. Nepean dyspepsia index-Korean version (NDI-K) score, tongue coating thickness (percentage of tongue coating by tongue diagnosis system (CTS-1000), and weight of tongue coating by microbalance), sterno-costal angle, duration of illness and body mass index (BMI) were investigated. Results : Among the 5 types by instrument of pattern identification for functional dyspepsia, a significant difference of percentage of tongue coating was found. Percentage of tongue coating and weight of tongue coating showed significant correlation with total NDI-K score. Sterno-costal angle showed strong positive correlation with BMI and also showed significant difference between the non-overweight (BMI<23, n=32) and overweight ($BMI{\geq}23$, n=28) groups. Conclusions : Tongue coating thickness showed its potential as a new quantitative diagnostic indicator of functional dyspepsia. Further studies on the sterno-costal angle are anticipated to evaluate its potential as a new quantitative diagnostic indicator.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.308-322
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• 2015

Objectives: Whether there exists a distinct pathogenesis in subgroups of functional dyspepsia (FD), the classification of epigastric pain syndrome (EPS), and postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the number of fungiform papillae (FP) in the subgroups of FD and its correlation with the severity of dyspepsia symptoms and spleen qi deficiency. Methods: Patients with FD were enrolled from August to November 2014. All patients were evaluated using a questionnaire and divided into 2 groups according to the Rome III criteria for FD. The severity of dyspepsia symptoms and spleen qi deficiency were separately assessed by Nepean Dyspepsia Index-Korean (NDI-K) version and Spleen qi deficiency questionnaire (SQDQ). The number of FP was measured on the anterior part of tongue, within an area of 9 mm ², using a digital cam Results: The NDI-K score, SQDQ score, and number of FP in the EPS group were significantly greater than those in the PDS group. Also, the EPS group had more patients diagnosed with spleen qi deficiency. The number of FP showed a significant positive correlation with epigastric pain and burning. Furthermore, the number of FP was significantly associated with the score of some items in NDI-K and SQDQ, even though not with the total score. Conclusions: Thus, measurement of the number of FP could be a new evaluation indicator for allocation into FD subtypes and to investigate the severity of dyspepsia symptoms and spleen Qi deficiency reflecting visceral hypersensitivity.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.527-546
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between gastric emptying measured by ultrasonography and Korean medical instruments of diagnosis and assessment in functional dyspepsia (FD) patients. Among the subgroups of FD, postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) is related to gastric motility disorder.Methods Ten patients with FD and particularly with PDS as well as 10 healthy controls were enrolled in the study from September to November 2015. The gastric emptying shown as the half-life of gastric volume (T_1/2) was measured by ultrasonography. The severities of spleen qi deficiency and dyspepsia symptoms were assessed by a spleen qi deficiency questionnaire (SQDQ) and the Nepean Dyspepsia Index-Korean version (NDI-K), respectively. In addition, a food retention questionnaire (FRQ), a damum questionnaire (DQ), a cold and heat questionnaire (CHQ), a deficiency and excess questionnaire (DEQ), and a visual analogue scale (VAS) of distention and fullness were completed by every participant.Results In comparison with the control group, the FD group showed significantly higher scores for the SQDQ, NDI-K, FRQ, DQ, DEQ, and VAS of distention and fullness. T_1/2 was also significantly higher in the FD group than in the control group. There were significant correlations between T_1/2 and the SQDQ score. However, there were no significant correlations between T1/2 and other questionnaire scores except for one item of the NDI-K.Conclusions According to these findings, it was determined that measuring gastric emptying using ultrasonography could be a quantitative indicator to diagnose spleen qi deficiency in FD patients.