• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.144-147
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• 1998

The sacrococcygeal region is the frequent site for meningocele, congenital dermal sinus and pilonidal cyst. From May 1995 to July 1998, we have treated 8 neonatal patients with an abscess in the sacrococcygeal area. The mean age at onset was 8.3 days with a range from 6 to 11 days. The sex ratio was 5:3 with male preponderance. Mild fever was the only systemic symptom. Ultrasonogram revealed a slightly hypo echoic lesion in the subcutaneous tissue which became more hypoechoic with time. Pus cultures showed $Staph.$ $aureus$ in 7 patients, two of them had mixed infection with $E.$ $coli$ and other 2 had methicillin-resistant $Staph.$ $aureus.$ The remaining one patient had a mixed infection with $Klebsiella$ and $Proteus.$ Histopathological examination revealed non-specific granuloma and fibrinoid necrotic debris. All patients were easily treated by incision, drainage and proper antibiotics.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.85-89
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• 2018

Rotavirus is the major cause of gastroenteritis in children under the age of 5. Rotavirus infection may lead to several neurological complications as meningitis, encephalitis, convulsion, encephalopathy, hemorrhagic shock, central pontine myelinolysis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and Reye's syndrome. Further, some reports have described diffuse cerebral white matter lesions on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in neonates with rotavirus induced seizures. Here, we report on three neonates with rotavirus induced seizures with cerebral white matter abnormalities on MRI.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권12호
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• pp.1257-1260
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• 2007

저자들은 출생 직후부터 심한 혈변과 구토 증상을 보인 신생아의 위액과 변에서 아메바를 확인하여 자궁 내에서 감염된 것으로 판단되는 신생아 아메바증을 경험하고 치료하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.67-71
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• 2013

Neonatal infection caused by Cronobacter species can result in serious illnesses such as bacteremia, septicemia, meningitis, and death in at-risk infants who are orally fed contaminated reconstituted powdered infant formulas. The objective of this study was to compare the virulence among three Cronobacter species strains by using an animal model for human neonatal Cronobacter species infections. We acquired timed-pregnant ICR mice and all owed them to give birth naturally. On postnatal day 3, each pup was administered orally a total dose of $1{\times}10^7$ CFU Cronobacter species strain 3439, CDC 1123-79, and 3231. Mice were observed twice daily for morbidity and mortality. At postnatal day 10, the remaining pups were euthanized, and brain, liver, and cecum were excised and analyzed for the presence of Cronobacter species. Cronobacter species were isolated from cecum and other tissues in inoculated mice. In the tissues of Cronobacter species infected mice, meningitis and gliosis were detected in the brain. In this study, we identified the virulence among Cronobacter species strains by using a neonatal mice model which was a very effective animal model for human neonatal Cronobacter species infections.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.207-210
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• 1996

아케바네병에 이환되어 간절만곡증을 보이는 1일령의 쏭아지 1두와 사산죈 농아지 2두의 똑If!내 에서 총 50마리의 Setwia를 수집하였다. 송아지는 모두 Holstein종이었으며 기생충은 형태학적 특징에 의해 마샬사상충으로 동정되었다. 충의 길이는 수컷 41-52 mm. 암컷 68-98 mm로 대부분 성충의 크기에 속했다. 이러한 사실은 마샬사상충이 어미의 태반을 통해 송아지에 감염되었음을 의미한다. 이 증례는 마샬사상충이 어미소의 태반을 통하여 송아지로 감염긴 국내 최초의 보고이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제54권9호
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• pp.363-367
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• 2011

Central venous catheters (CVCs) are regularly used in intensive care units, and catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) remains a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections, particularly in preterm infants. Increased survival rate of extremely-low-birth-weight infants can be partly attributed to routine practice of CVC placement. The most common types of CVCs used in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) include umbilical venous catheters, peripherally inserted central catheters, and tunneled catheters. CRBSI is defined as a laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection (BSI) with either a positive catheter tip culture or a positive blood culture drawn from the CVC. BSIs most frequently result from pathogens such as gram-positive cocci, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and sometimes gram-negative organisms. CRBSIs are usually associated with several risk factors, including prolonged catheter placement, femoral access, low birth weight, and young gestational age. Most NICUs have a strategy for catheter insertion and maintenance designed to decrease CRBSIs. Specific interventions slightly differ between NICUs, particularly with regard to the types of disinfectants used for hand hygiene and appropriate skin care for the infant. In conclusion, infection rates can be reduced by the application of strict protocols for the placement and maintenance of CVCs and the education of NICU physicians and nurses.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.227-235
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate disease prevalence, parent's educational needs, and disease management according to severity of respiratory infections in early childhood. Methods: Participants for this study were 173 mothers whose child was admitted to I university hospital in Seoul and whose child was an infant or toddler. Data were collected from December, 17, 2014 to February, 15, 2015 using self-report structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using IBM/SPSS 21.0 program. Results: There were significant differences in the severity of respiratory infection according to neonatal admission due to dyspnea, feeding type, atopic dermatitis in the infant or allergic disease in father and siblings. Parent's educational needs for the severe respiratory infection group were higher than for the non-severe group. Parent's disease management for the severe respiratory infection group was lower than the non-severe group. Conclusion: As important care factors in neonatal admissions include dyspnea, cow milk feeding, eczema, family history of allergies, parent's educational needs and disease management, they should be considered when caring for young children with respiratory infections and their parents.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.165-169
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• 2018

수막구균 감염은 신생아에서 높은 사망률을 보이지만 매우 드물고, 단체 생활하는 연장아나 청소년에서 더 흔하다고 알려져 있다. 이 증례에서 소개된 생후 16일 신생아는 수막구균 B 혈청군 패혈증과 수막염이 진단되었지만 조기 항생제 치료를 통해 합병증 없이 건강하게 퇴원하였다. 이 증례 보고의 목적은 신생아에서 수막구균 감염의 발생률과 중요성을 상기시키고 노출된 가족들과 의료진에 대한 조사와 예방 요법의 필요성을 강조하기 위함이다. 한국에서는 많은 신생아가 출생 후 산후조리원 시설에서 지내내므로 감염 발생과 전파에 단체 생활이 영향을 미칠 수도 있음을 생각해 볼 필요가 있다. 질병의 조기 발견, 격리, 그리고 경험적 치료가 치명적인 질병의 전파를 예방하기 위해 매우 중요하다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2017

Purpose: Although procalcitonin (PCT) level is useful for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, PCT reliability is inconsistent because of the varied conditions encountered in neonatal intensive care units. This study aimed to investigate PCT levels and factors influencing increased PCT levelin newborns without bacterial infection during the first week of life. Methods: In newborns hospitalized between March 2013 and October 2015, PCT levels were measured on the first, third, and seventh days after birth. Newborns with proven bacterial (blood culture positive for bacteria) or suspicious infection (presence of C-reactive protein expression or leukocytosis/leukopenia) were excluded. Various neonatal conditions were analyzed to identify the factors influencing increased PCT level. Results: Among 292 newborns with a gestational age of $35.2{\pm}3.0$ weeks and a birth weight of $2,428{\pm}643g$, preterm newborns (n=212) had higher PCT levels than term newborns (n=80). Of the newborns, 7.9% had increased PCT level (23 of 292) on the firstday; 28.3% (81 of 286), on the third day; and 3.3% (7 of 121), on the seventh day after birth. The increased PCT level was significantly associated with prenatal disuse of antibiotics (P=0.004) and surfactant administration (P<0.001) on the first day after birth, postnatal use of antibiotics (P=0.001) and ventilator application (P=0.001) on the third day after birth, and very low birth weight (P=0.042) on the seventh day after birth. Conclusion: In newborns without bacterial infection, increased PCT level was significantly associated with lower gestational age and respiratory difficulty during the first week of life. Further studies are needed for clinical applications.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2019

Purpose: In this study, we investigated the clinical features and prognostic factors of early-onset sepsis (EOS) in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on medical records from January 2010 to June 2017 (7.5 years) of a university hospital NICU. Results: There were 45 cases of EOS (1.2%) in 3,862 infants. The most common pathogen responsible for EOS was group B Streptococcus (GBS), implicated in 10 cases (22.2%), followed by Escherichia coli, implicated in 9 cases (20%). The frequency of gram-positive sepsis was higher in term than in preterm infants, whereas the rate of gram-negative infection was higher in preterm than in term infants (P<0.05). The overall mortality was 37.8% (17 of 45), and 47% of deaths occurred within the first 3 days of infection. There were significant differences in terms of gestational age (26.8 weeks vs. 35.1 weeks) and birth weight (957 g vs. 2,520 g) between the death and survival groups. After adjustments based on the difference in gestational age and birth weight between the 2 groups, gram-negative pathogens (odds ratio [OR], 42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-1,281.8) and some clinical findings, such as neutropenia (OR, 46; 95% CI, 1.3-1,628.7) and decreased activity (OR, 34; 95% CI, 1.8-633.4), were found to be associated with fatality. Conclusion: The common pathogens found to be responsible for EOS in NICU patients are GBS and E. coli. Gram-negative bacterial infections, decreased activity in the early phase of infection, and neutropenia were associated with poor outcomes.