• 대한본초학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2017

Objective : Nelumbo nucifera, its rhizome and semen have been used as a traditional medicine which was studied on antioxidant, hepatoprotective effect, anti-obesity and the others. However, Nelumbinis Flos have not studied. We investigated protective effects on oxidative DNA damage and anti-inflammatory effects of Nelumbinis Flos. Methods : The antioxidant activity was conducted by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2, 2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging assay and reducing power assay. Total phenolic content was analyzed. Also, phenolic compounds were detected by HPLC/UV. The inhibitory effect on oxidative DNA damage was determined using ${\Phi}X-174$ RF I plasmid DNA cleavage assay. The anti-inflammatory effect of Nelumbinis Flos was measured by the amount of nitric-oxide (NO) produced and protein levels of iNOS, and COX-2 in LPS induced RAW 264.7 cells. Results : The results of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity at $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of extraction were $97.02{\pm}0.88%$ and $96.42{\pm}0.25%$. Reducing power (fold of L-ascorbic acid as control) was $100.14{\pm}0.31$ at $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Total phenol content was $8.70{\pm}0.02mg/g$. Chlorogenic acid, catechin and epicatechin were found by HPLC. Nelumbinis Flos has inhibitory effect in dose-manner against oxidative DNA damage. In addition, it showed the anti-inflammatory effect by suppression of NO production as well as protein levels of iNOS, and COX-2. Conclusion : This study suggested that Nelumbinis Flos showed potential antioxidant and suppression activities of various factors were related in NO produced. Therefore, Nelumbinis Flos as natural plant resources that may help reduce inflammation and alleviate DNA damage.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.267-274
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• 2017

2016년 6~12월 서울약령시에서 원형 또는 분말 형태로 유통 판매되는 식 약 공용 농산물 총 62건을 구입하여, 후칼럼 유도체화 장치인 광화학 반응장치를 연결한 HPLC-FLD를 이용하여 아플라톡신($B_1$, $B_2$, $G_1$, $G_2$)을 정성 및 정량 분석함으로써 오염도를 조사하였다. 아플라톡신의 검출한계는 $B_1$ $0.086{\mu}g/kg$, $B_2$ $0.020{\mu}g/kg$, $G_1$ 0.363 g/kg, $G_2$ $0.126{\mu}g/kg$이었고, 정량한계는 $B_1$ $0.262{\mu}g/kg$, $B_2$ $0.059{\mu}g/kg$, $G_1$ 1.101 g/kg, $G_2$ $0.382{\mu}g/kg$였다. 회수율은 $B_1$ 95.1~101.8%, $B_2$ 86.9~105.6%, $G_1$ 95.2~100.6%, $G_2$ 98.6~114.0%이었으며, 변동계수(Coefficient of Variation, %)는 $B_1$ 1.9~9.8%, $B_2$ 1.2~8.2%, $G_1$ 2.1~9.5%, $G_2$ 0.9~9.3%였다. 사용부위에 따른 아플라톡신 오염의 특성을 살펴본 결과 종자(Semen)만 아플라톡신이 검출되었으며, 21건 중 6건(원형 3건, 분말 3건)에서 아플라톡신이 검출되었다. 품목별 아플라톡신 검출 건수를 살펴본 결과, 연자육 중 원형은 7건을 검사한 결과 2건에서 아플라톡신 $B_1$, $B_2$가 검출되었고, 분말은 6건 중 2건에서 아플라톡신 $B_1$이 검출되었다. 산조인 원형은 5건 중 1건에서 아플라톡신 $B_1$, $B_2$가 검출되었으며, 분말은 3건 중 1건에서 아플라톡신 $B_1$, $B_2$가 검출되었다. 아플라톡신 검출량을 살펴보면, 연자육 원형은 총아플라톡신($B_1$, $B_2$, $G_1$ 및 $G_2$의 합)이 $ND{\sim}14.655{\mu}g/kg$($B_1$ $ND{\sim}11.869{\mu}g/kg$) 검출되었고, 분말은 총아플라톡신이 $ND{\sim}2.223{\mu}g/kg$($B_1$이 $ND{\sim}2.223{\mu}g/kg$) 검출되었다. 산조인 원형의 아플라톡신 검출량은 총아플라톡신이 $ND{\sim}9.182{\mu}g/kg$($B_1$이 $ND{\sim}6.612{\mu}g/kg$) 검출되었고, 분말은 총아플라톡신이 $ND{\sim}21.797{\mu}g/kg$($B_1$이 $ND{\sim}19.345{\mu}g/kg$) 검출되었다. 따라서 이러한 곰팡이독소 검출현황을 토대로 식 약 공용 농산물에 대한 곰팡이독소 기준을 설정하여 식 약 공용 농산물의 안전한 유통을 관리할 필요가 있다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.111-114
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• 1999

Inhibitory effect of water and ethyl acetate extract of 60 kinds of herbal medicines was investigated on ${\beta}-glucuronidase$. Among water extract of them, Galla Rhois had the most potent ${\beta}-glucuronidase-inhibitory\;activity$. Termaliae Fructus, Amomi Tsa-ko Fructus and Arecae Semen were also potent inhibitors. Among ethyl acetate extract of them, Galla Rhois had the most potent ${\beta}-glucuronidase-inhibitory\;activity$. Nelumbinis Semen. Ephedrae Radix and Termaliae Fructus were also potent inhibitors. The extract of Galla Rhois had potent hepatoprotective effect on $CCl_4-induced$ hepatotoxicity of rats. These results suggest that the ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ seems to be closely related to the liver injury, which could be prevented by the inhibitor of ${\beta}-glucuronidase$.

• 생약학회지
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• 제37권1호통권144호
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• pp.48-52
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• 2006

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are largely involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. As part of our ongoing project directed toward the discovery of preventive and/or delay agents for diabetic complications from natural sources, 92 Korean traditional herbal medicines have been investigated with an in vitro evaluation system using AGEs inhibitory activity. Of these, 17 herbal medicines exhibited a significant inhibitory activity against AGEs formation. Particularly, 9 herbal medicines, i.e., Cinnamomi Cortex, Artemisiae Argyi Herba, Ammoni Tsao-ko Fructus, Menthae Herba, Amomi Semen, Polygoni Avicularis Herba, Lycopi Herba, Salviae Radix, and Nelumbinis Semen showed more potent inhibitory activity (2-4 fold) than the positive control aminoguanidine.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1065-1072
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• 2004

Depression is associated with a dysfunctional serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) system. More recently, several lines of evidence suggest that an important factor in the development of depression may be a deficit in the function and expression of $5-HT_{1A}$ receptors. The present study assessed if Nelumbinis Semen (N. s.) had an anti-depression effect through reversing a decrease in $5-HT_{1A}$receptor binding in rats with depression-like symptoms induced by chronic mild stress. Using a $5-HT_{1A}$ receptor binding assay, with a specific $5-HT_{1A}$receptor agonist, 8- OH-DPAT (8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin), the mechanism of the anti-depression effect of N. s. on rats was investigated, and the effects compared with two well-known antidepressants, Hyperium Perforatum (St. Johns Wort) and fluoxetine (Prozac). Animals were divided into five groups: the normal (N) group without chronic mild stress (CMS), the control (C) group under CMS for 8 weeks, the Nelumbinis Semen (N. s.) treatment group under CMS for 8 weeks, the Hyperium Perforatum (H. p.) treatment group under CMS for 8 weeks and finally, the fluoxetine (F) treatment group under CMS for 8 weeks. Each treatment was administered to rats during the last 4 weeks of the 8-week CMS. A sucrose intake test was performed to test the anti-depression effect of N. s. The N. s. treatment significantly reversed the decreased sucrose intake under CMS (P<0.05 compared to control group under CMS). In the CA2 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus, both N. s. and H. p. reversed the CMS-induced decrease in $5-HT_{1A}$receptor binding. In the I to II regions of the frontal cortex, N. s. and H. p. also reversed the CMS-induced decrease in$5-HT_{1A}$receptor binding, and even showed a significant increase in $5-HT_{1A}$receptor binding compared to the F treatment group (N. s. vs. P, p<0.05, H. p. vs. P, p<0.05). However, in the hypothalamus, all treatments reversed the CMSinduced decrease in $5-HT_{1A}$receptor binding. This reversal effect of N. s. on the decrease in $5-HT_{1A}$receptor binding in the frontal cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus of rat brains was very similar to that of H. p, but different from that of F. It is concluded that N. s. presents an anti-depression effect through enhancing $5-HT_{1A}$receptor binding.

• 생약학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.154-160
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and contamination levels of aflatoxin in Medicinal Herbs for Food and Medicine at Yakyeang market in seoul. 191 Samples 11 items medicinal herbs for food and medicine were evaluated for the aflatoxin contamination. in result 41 samples 10 items (21.5%) were detected in the alfatoxin, a high incidence of aflatoxins items are cassiae semen (50.0%), testudinis plastrum (43.8%) and Batryticatus Bombyx (40.0%), Polygalae Radix (31.2%), Zizyphi Semen (23.5%), Dolichoris Semen, Myristicae Semen (20.0%), Nelumbinis Semen (15.8%), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (7.4%), Hoveniae Semen Cum Fructus (4.3%). AFB1 were detected 27 cases (14.1%), AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 were detected 18cases (9.4%), 16cases (8.4%) and 5cases (2.6%). The excess cancer risk estimated using the cancer potency of aflatoxin B1 (7(mg/kg/day)-1 for HBsAg-and 230(mg/kg/day)-1 HBsAg+) was N.D ~ $3.79{\times}10^{-6}$ for hepatits B surface antigen negative (HBsAg-) and N.D ~ $9.68{\times}10^{-5}$ hepatits B surface antigen positive (HBsAg+) respectively.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.139-176
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aims to review the herbal medicines containing substances banned by World Anti-Doping Agency(WADA), and to consider criteria for the using of herbal medicines. Methods: Using foreign(Pubmed, Cochrane, Embase, Google Scholar, WANFANG, CiNii) and domestic databases (NDSL, OASIS, RISS), we analyzed the content and pharmacokinetics of the prohibited substances in herbal medicines. Results: Herbal medicines containing the prohibited substances proposed in Korea, China, and Japan are Ephedrae Herba, Cannabis Semen, Strychni Semen, Strychni Ignatii Semen, Pinelliae Tuber, Rhizoma Pinelliae, Chelidonii Herba, Papaveris Fructus Deseminatus, Liriopis Tuber, Rehmanniae Radix Recens, Cistanchis Herba, Ponciri Fructus Immaturus, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, Moschus, Testudinis Plastrum, Otariae Testis et Penis, and Hominis Placenta. Of these, when using Ephedrae Herba, Cannabis Semen, Strychni Semen, Moschus, Strychni Ignatii Semen, and Otariae Testis et Penis, caution is needed in relation to the doping test. Other herbal medicines are considered safe for the doping test. In addition, by analyzing data related to higenamine added to the WADA's prohibited list of doping since 2017, we don't recommend using Nelumbinis Plumula. And in the case of the other herbal medicines containing higenamine, it is considered that care should be taken in doping test depending on the amount of usage. Conclusions: As a result of analyzing the herbal medicines which are in prohibited list about doping, we were able to know the criteria and precautions to use when prescribing the herbal medicines. Further research will be needed about common used herbal medicines and the amount of detection depending on extraction and boiling method.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

Objective This study was designed to define the efficacy of medicinal herbs of Taeeumin in Sasang constitutional medicine. Method We searched and analyzed original text such as Donguisusebowon Sinchuk edition written in 1901, Donguisusebowon Gabo edition written in 1894, Donguisusebowon Sansang Chobongwon, and posthumous manuscripts left by Je-ma Lee published by the Ministry of Health of North Korea. Results Seven herbs such as Ephedrae Herba, Coicis Semen, Castaneae Semen, Fel Ursi, Mori Cortex Radicis, Ginkgonis Semen, and Farfarae Flos regulate the mechanism of Esophagus-Cold (Wiwanhan). Three herbs such as Melonis Pedicellus, Ailanthi Radicis Cortex, and Quisqualis Fructus regulate the mechanism of Cold Lung-Dry (HanpaeJo). Sixteen herbs such as Rhei Rhizoma, Angelicae Tenuissimae Radix, Puerariae Radix, Cimicifugae Rhizoma, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, Moschus, Gleditsiae Spina, Mume Fructus, Aurum, Glycine Semen Germinatum, Ampelopsis Radix, Cornu rhinocerotis, Antelopis Cornu, Bomeolum, Bezoar Bovis, and Typhae Pollen regulate the mechanism of Liver-Heat (Ganyeol). Three herbs such as Chrysanthemi Indici Flos, Nelumbinis Semen, and Spirodelae Herba regulate the mechanism of Heat Lung-Dry (YeolpaeJo). Conclusion Forty four herbs of Taeeumin regulate the mechanisms of Esophagus-Cold (Wiwanhan), Cold Lung-Dry (HanpaeJo), Liver-Heat (Ganyeol), Heat Lung-Dry (YeolpaeJo) and correct the energy-fluid pathology of Taeeumin.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.710-715
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• 2005

This research was to investigate inhibitory activity of Sasang medicines on Obesity. 56 kind of herb medicines to powder, abstract add 100 times methanol. Examine inhibitory effect against lipase activity in vitro. It was compared Xenical(Orlistat) with 56 kind of herb medicines. Inhibitory effect against lipase activity of Xenical as a standard was 93.3%. It is Inhibitory effect against lipase activity of Taeyangin herb medicine. (Fructus Pruni Tomentosae 77.7% Cortex Acanthopanacis73.5%, Fructus Chaenomelis73.1%, rice bran on a mallet head68.1%, Semen Fagopyri 48.1%, Radix Vitis 31.5%) It is Inhibitory effect against lipase activity of Soyangin herb medicine. (Radix Saposhnikoviae 91.5%, Semen Plantaginis 90.4%, Semen Trichosanthis 89.2%, Herba Schizonepetae 85.7%, Radix Euphorbiae Kansui 76.1%, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 76.0%, Cortex Phellodendri 75.1%, Herba Menthae 74.8%, Radix Angelicae Pubescentis 61.2%, Rhizoma Alismatis 62.6%, Poria 60.9%, Rhizoma Notopterygii 22.5%, Radix Peucedani 18.2%, Caulis Akebiae 17.7%) It is Inhibitory effect against lipase activity of Taeeumin herb medicine. (Herba Spirodelae 91.4%, Radix Polygalae 88.3%, Arillus Longanae 84.3%, Radix Platycodi 81.7%, Semen Zizyphi Spinosae 80.2%, Spina Gleditsiae 79.7%, Herba Ephedrae 75.3%, Semen Raphani 73.1%, Rhizoma Cimicifugae 73.0%, Rhizoma Acori Graminei 71.8%, Flos Chrysanthemi71.0%, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei 68.4%, Vermiculus Holotrichia 59.9%, Radix Puerariae 55.3%, Fructus Schizandrae 53.4% Semen Coicis 50.6%, Semen Biotae 47.5%, Semen Nelumbinis 46.7%, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae 45.1%, Semen Castaneae 44.4%, Rhizoma Ligustici 34.5%, Tuber Liriopis 16.4%, Radix Scutellariae4.2%) It is Inhibitory effect against lipase activity of Soeumin herb medicine. (Pericarpium Arecae89.9%, Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum 89.5%, Radix Polygoni Multiflori81.2%, Rhizoma Cyperi 79.0%, Cortex Magnoliae 72.8%, Radix Aucklandiae 72.0%, Rhizoma Zingiberis 71.9%, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride 71.3%, Radix Cynanchi Wilfordi 57.7% Rhizoma Pinelliae 36.7%, Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae 35.8% Fructus Aurantii Immaturus 17.5%, Pericarpium Citri 16.1%) Therefore, Radix Saposhnikoviae(91.5) and Herba Spirodelae(91.4%) were the most effective medicice of 56 kind of medicines.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.201-229
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• 2009

In this dissertation, I will focus on the channel entry[歸經] and the effect and the treatment [效能主治] in oriental medicine texts from ancient to modern times in order to classify the medicines of the kidney. Medicines that effected the Kidney through working on any other viscera were as follows: Fossilia Ossis Mastodi(龍骨), Schizandrae Fructus(五味子), Nelumbinis Semen(蓮肉), Ostreae Testa(牡蠣), Polygalae Follium(小草), Angelicae Gigantis Radix(當歸), Albizzae Cortex(合歡), Thujae Semen(栢子仁) and Bambusae Calulis in Liquamen(竹瀝). This study was dedicated to researching the medicines related to the kidney and making efficient use of these medicines.