• 한국진공학회지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.246-258
• /
• 2006

음의 고전압의 인가에 따라 반응하는 동적 플라즈마를 부하로 갖는 PSII(plasma source ion implantation) 펄스 시스템을 분석하기 위한 회로 모델을 개발하였다. 플라즈마 내에 삽입된 평판 전극 앞에서의 플라즈마 쉬스의 움직임은 동적 차일드-랑뮤어 쉬스 모델을 따르는 것으로 가정하였다. 표적 전극에 흐르는 전류는 전극에 인가되는 전압과 서로 영향을 주며 변하므로 동적 플라즈마 부하를 전압 의존 전류 원으로 표현하여 자기모순이 없는 회로 모델을 구현하였다. 회로 해석은 Pspice 프로그램을 이용하여 수행하였으며, 다양한 플라즈마 조건과 펄스인가 조건에서의 실험 결과와 비교하여 회로 모델의 타당성을 검증하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제32권12호
• /
• pp.545-552
• /
• 2022

Tin-antimony sulfide nanocomposites were prepared via hydrothermal synthesis and a N₂ reduction process for use as a negative electrode in a sodium ion battery. The electrochemical energy storage performance of the battery was analyzed according to the tin-antimony composition. The optimized sulfides exhibited superior charge/discharge capacity (770 mAh g^-1 at a current density of 100 mA g^-1) and stable lifespan characteristics (71.2 % after 200 cycles at a current density of 500 mA g^-1). It exhibited a reversible characteristic, continuously participating in the charge-discharge process. The improved electrochemical energy storage performance and cycle stability was attributed to the small particle size, by controlling the composition of the tin-antimony sulfide. By optimizing the tin-antimony ratio during the synthesis process, it did not deviate from the solubility limit. Graphene oxide also acts to suppress volume expansion during reversible electrochemical reaction. Based on these results, tin-antimony sulfide is considered a promising anode material for a sodium ion battery used as a medium-to-large energy storage source.

• 한국광물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국광물학회.한국암석학회 2003년도 공동학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.54-54
• /
• 2003

The metasedimentary rocks together with various granitoids are the main constituents in Taebaeksan gneiss complex, northern Yeongnam Massif. Chemical compositions of sedimentary rocks may reflect the nature of the provenance and could be crucial for understanding the evolution of early continental crust. Previous workers have suggested that the provenance and tectonic studies based on the geochemistry of sediments are applicable to the Precambrian samples. In this study we analyzed the major, trace and REE elements of metasedimentary rocks to understand their provenance and tectonic setting during sedimentation. The overall geochemical characteristics of metasedimentary rocks are similar to those of average shale of the post-Archean. Major element chemistry indicates mature and sorted nature of the sediments. The degree of weathering in the source rocks the is not uniform, as inferred from a large scatter in chemical indices of weathering (CIW). The immobile trace elements such as Th, Sc, and REE can be used to discriminate various sedimentary processes. The Th/sc ratios (0.9 - 4.4) are larger than those of the upper crust and average shale, suggesting that the felsic source predominates. The contents of Ni and Cr and the variations in the ratio of compatible to incompatible elements are similar to the average post-Archean shale. Uniform chondrite-normalized REE pattern with the LREE enrichment (LaN/SmN = 4.9 ${\pm}$ 0.4) and slight negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu$\^$*/ = 0.7 ${\pm}$ 0.1) also support this observation. The presence of negative Eu anomaly indicates that intracrustal igneous processes involving plagioclase separation have affected the provenance rocks. The LREE enrichment implies the major role of felsic rocks in source rocks. The eNd (1.9 Ga) values of metasediment rocks vary from 9.4 to 6.7, corresponding to TDM of 2.9 - 2.7 Ga. On the other hand, the 147Sm/144Nd ratios are 0.1079 - 0.1101, corresponding to typical tettigenous sediments. The geochemical features of metasedimentary rocks such as high abundances of large ion lithophile elements, high ratios of Th/Sc and La/Sm, commonly high Th/U ratios, negative Eu anomalies, and negative eNd, suggest a provenance consisting virtually entirely of recycled upper continental crust in passive margin environment. Tectonic discrimination diagrams based upon major element compositions also support this suggestion. In conjunction with igneous activity and metamorphism in the convergent margin setting at 1.8 - 1. 9 Ga, the transition from passive margin to active margin characterize the Paleoproterozoic crustal evolution in northern Yeongnam Massif.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.107-114
• /
• 2013

Mass spectrometry (MS) is a very powerful instrument that can be used to analyze a wide range of materials such as proteins, peptides, DNA, drugs, and polymers. The process typically involves either chemical or electron (impact) ionization of the analyte. The resulting charged species or fragment is subsequently identified by the detector. Usually, single mass uses source-induced dissociation (SID), whereas mass/mass uses collision-induced dissociation (CID) to analyze the chemical fragmentations Each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages. While CID is most effective for the analysis of pure substances, multiple-step MS is a powerful technique to get structural data. Analysis of veterinary drugs ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and oxytetracycline serves to highlight the slight differences between SID and CID. For example, minor differences were observed between ciprofloxacin and oxytetracycline via SID or CID. However, distinct fragmentation patterns were observed for ampicllin depending on the analysis method. Both SID and CID showed similar fragmentation spectra but different signal intensities for chloramphenicol. There are several factors that can influence the fragmentation spectra, such as the collision energy, major precursor ion, electrospray mode (positive or negative), and sample homogeneity. Therefore, one must select a fragmentation method on an empirical and case-by-case basis.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.9
• /
• pp.199-199
• /
• 2008

이 실험은 NVM의 Oxide, Nitride, Oxide nitride층별 blocking, trapping and tunneling 속성에 대해서 밝히고자 한다. gate 전극은 값싸고 전도도가 좋은 알루미늄을 사용한다. 유리기판위에 Silicon nitride층을 20nm로 코팅하고 Silicon dioxide층을 10nm로 코팅한다. 그리고 amorphous Silicon material이 증착된다. Poly Silicon은 Solid Phase Crystallization 방법을 사용하였다. 마지막 공정으로 p-doping은 ion shower에 의한 방법으로 drain과 source 전극을 생성하였다. gate가 biasing 될 때, p-channel은 source와 drain 사이에서 형성된다. Oxide Nitride Oxide nitride (ONO) 층은 각각 12.5nm/20nm/2.3nm의 두께로 만들었다. 전하는 Program process 중에 poly Silicon층에서 Silicon Oxide nitride tunneling층을 통하여 움직이게 된다. 그리고 전하들은 Silicon Nitride층에 머무르게 된다. 그 전하들은 erasing process 중에 trapping 층에서 poly Silicon 층으로 되돌아 간다. Silicon Oxide blocking층은 trapping층으로 전하가 나가는 것을 피하기 위하여 더해진다. 이 논문에서 Programming process와 erasing process의 Id-Vg 특성곡선을 설명한다. Programming process에 positive voltage를 또는 erasing process에 negative voltage를 적용할 때, Id-Vg 특성 곡선은 왼쪽 또는 오른쪽으로 이동한다. 이 실험이 보여준 결과값에 의해서 10년 이상의 저장능력이 있는 메모리를 만들 수 있다. 그러므로, NVM의 중요한 두 가지 성질은 유지성과 내구성이다.

• 한국진공학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.7-15
• /
• 2000

An ECR-PECVD system with the characteristics of high ionization rat다 ability of plasma processing in a wide pressure range and deposition at low temperature was manufactured and characterized for the deposition of thin films. The system consists of a vacuum chamber, sample stage, vacuum gauge, vacuum pump, gas injection part, vacuum sealing valve, ECR source and a control part. The control of system is carried out by the microprocessor and the ROM program. We have investigated the vacuum characteristics of ECR-PECVD system, and also have diagnosed the characteristics of ECR microwave plasma by using the Langmuir probe. From the data of system and plasma characterization, we could confirmed the stability of pressure in the vacuum chamber according to the variation of gas flow rate and the effect of ion bombardment by the negative DC self bias voltage. The plasma density was increased with the increase of gas flow rate and ECR power. On the other hand, it was decreased with the increase of horizontal radius and distance between ECR source and probe. The calculated plasma densities were in the range of 49.7\times10^{11}\sim3.7\times10^{12}\textrm{cm}^{-3}$. It is also expected that we can estimate the thickness uniformity of film fabricated by the ECR-PECVD system from the distribution of the plasma density.

• 한국표면공학회지
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.519-524
• /
• 1996

We synthesized semiconducting Sn-doped diamondlike carbon films by rf plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition using an organotin compound as a dopung gas source. XPS quan-titative analysis for the deposited films after 60 s argon ion etching revealed that Sn concen-tration increased with the partial pressure of the organotin compound in the reactant gas. In C 1s spectra, there was a component due to C-Su bond which had a negative chemical shift. C 1s spectra also indicated that the deposited films were relatively $sp^2$ rich. The chemical shift of the Sn-C bond in Sn $3d_{5/2}$ spectra was about +1.7 eV. The electrical resistivity and the optical transmittance were also investigated.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.78-84
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 양성 및/또는 음성 이온 방식으로 저에너지 충돌-유발 분해(CID)를 이용한 serine protease 저해제인 camostat 와 그것의 분해산물인 4-(4-guanidinobenzoyloxy)phenylacetic acid (GBPA)의 분해 패턴을 전자분무 소스가 있는 사중극자 텐덤 질량분석기(ESI-MS/MS)를 이용하여 최초로 조사하였다. Camostat의 양이온 CID 질량 스펙트럼 분석결과, 분자구조내 에스테르 결합을 이루는 카르보닐 기와 산소 원자사이의 단일 결합(C-O) 분해가 우선적으로 일어나고, guanidine 기의 초기 손실보다는 N,Ndimethylcarbamoylmethyl기의 초기 손실이 더 잘 일어난다는 것이 특징적으로 확인되었다. GBPA의 양이온 CID 스펙트럼의 경우는, 4-guanidinobenzoyloxy 기에 있는 카르보닐 기와 산소원자 사이의 초기 분해가 일어나서 m/z 145에서 가장 강도가 높은 피크를 만들었다. 반면에, GBPA의 음이온 스펙트럼은 m/z 312의 모분자 이온에서 $CO_2$와 NH=C=NH의 순차적인 중성 손실로 인하여 m/z 226의 가장 강도가 높은 피크가 특징적으로 생성되었다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 1999년도 제17회 학술발표회 논문개요집
• /
• pp.204-204
• /
• 1999

The plasma source ion implantation(PSII) technique which is a method using high negative voltage pulse in plasma system has the potential to change the surface properties of polymer. PSII technique increase the surface free energy by introducing polar functional groups on the surface so that it improves reactivity, hydrophilicity, adhension, biocompatability, etc. However, the mobility of polymer chains enables the modified surface layers to adapt their composition to interfacial force. This hydrophobic recovery interrupts the stability of modified surfaces to keep for the long time. In this study, poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA), poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)(PHEMA), and polu(2-hydroxypropyl methacylate)(PHPMA) for contact lens application, were modified to improve the wettability with PSII technique and were investigated the surface stabilities. Polymer film was prepared with solution casting(3 wt.% solution) and was annealed at 11$0^{\circ}C$ under vacuum oven to remove solvent completely and to eliminate physical ageing. The thickness of the film measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface profilometer was about 10${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. Polymers were treated with different kinds of gases, pulse frequency, pulse with, pulse voltage, and treatment time. Even though PMMA, PHEMA, and PHPMA have similar repeat unit structure, the optimal treatment conditions and the tendency to hydrophobic recovery were different. PHPMA, more hydrophilic polymer than PMMA and PHEMA showd better wettability and stability after mild treatment. Surface tensions were obtained by water and diiodomethane contact angle measurements to monitor the relation between hydrophobic recovery and polymer structure. Different ion species in plasma change the polar component and dispersion component of polymer surface. For better wettability surface, the increase of polar component was a dominant factor. We also characterized modified polymer surfaces using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), and SEM.

• 지질공학
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.555-566
• /
• 2008

불소 오염이 심각한 곳으로 파악된 충북 보은 삼승면 일대 지역의 오염의 현황과 원인 규명을 위하여 수리지구화학적 연구와 물암석 반응 실험 연구가 수행되었다. 조사 지역 암반 지하수의 불소 함량은 최대 3.9 mg/L에 이르며, 먹는물 수질기준의 불소 항목(1.5 mg/L)을 초과율은 23%에 이른다. 불소 이온의 평균 함량은 1.0 mg/L이나, 낮은 값으로의 왜도(1.3)가 크기 때문에 중앙값은 평균에 비하여 크게 적은 0.5 mg/L으로 나타난다. 불소 농도는 화강암 분포 지역에서 심부 지하수에 해당하는 $NaHCO_3$ 유형 지하수에서 상대적으로 높게 나타나고 있다. 불소와 질산염 이온($NO_3$)은 뚜렷한 부의 상관관계를 나타내고 있어 불소는 지표 오염과 상관없는 지질기원이며, 상대적으로 심부 암반 지하수에 부화되었을 가능성을 지시한다. 이것은 조사 지역의 암석을 사용한 실내 실험에서 확인되었다. 순수흑운모 화강암 반응 실험 결과 불소 함량은 96시간 후에 최대 1.2 mg/L까지 증가하였다. 그러나 불소 농도와 지하수 관정 심도, 지구화학적으로 물암석 반응의 정도를 지시할 수 있는 인자($Na^+$, $HCO_3$, pH 등)들의 값과는 뚜렷한 상관관계를 나타내고 있지 않았다. 이는 불소 이온이 물암석 반응 정도와 상관없이 함불소 광물의 국지적인 분포에 영향을 받을 수 있다는 것을 암시한다. 고농도의 불소를 함유하는 지하수의 공간분포는 선구조 분포와 연관되어 있음을 보여주고 있어, 물암석 반응이 상당히 진행되어 불소 함량이 높은 심부 암반 지하수가 선구조 분포 지역의 파쇄대를 통하여 배출되었음을 지시한다. 하지만, 선구조 분포와 불소 농도는 전체적으로는 일치하지 않아, 파쇄대의 분포가 불규칙적이고, 심부 지하수와 천부 지하수의 혼합과 정도 불균질함을 지시하는 것으로 추정된다.