• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1141-1154
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• 2014

The purpose of this study examined the moderating effect of maternal emotion-related socialization behaviors on the relations between preschooler's effortful control and prosocial behavior. In this study, subjects were 153 preschoolers and their mothers. The major results were as follows; there was a moderating effect of maternal emotion-related socialization behaviors on the relationship between preschooler's effortful control and prosocial behavior. Specifically, maternal negative emotion expression and response to the preschooler's positive emotion moderated the effect preschooler's effortful control on prosocial behavior. In conclusion, the impact of effortful control on preschooler's prosocial behavior were significant. Also, maternal emotion-related socialization behaviors(i.e., negative emotion expression and response to the child's positive emotion) affected on preschooler's prosocial behavior. The findings of the study will contribute to help maternal emotional interaction with their preschool aged children.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.91-106
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• 2021

Although personality and culture have been employed as independent predictors of emotion regulation, less is known about the interplay between them. Thus, the present study tests their interaction by focusing on the match between personality (public self-consciousness) and culture (valuing independence vs. interdependence) in modulating an emotion regulation strategy, namely, emotion suppression, on Facebook. Furthermore, relationship concern related to the expression of positive and negative emotions on Facebook is explored as a potential underlying mechanism. An online survey on Facebook users in the United States (n = 320) and South Korea (n = 336) was conducted through two professional survey companies. The results revealed that the positive association between public self-consciousness and emotion suppression was stronger among respondents who value interdependence (vs. independence), which led to a significant interaction between the two predictors. Furthermore, public self-consciousness was associated with emotion suppression through relationship concern for the expression of positive, but not negative, emotions. Furthermore, this mediated relationship was stronger among respondents who value interdependence (vs. independence). Lastly, the study discussed the importance of exploring the interplay between personality and culture and the implication of dialectic emotions.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.45-56
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• 2019

The regulation of emotion is known to mediate the relationship between emotion-relevant differences in individuals and their life outcomes. This study attempted to include a situational factor in addition to the mediation model and investigated whether this conditional component changed the patterns of indirect effects. The researchers recruited 180 emotional laborers working in diverse domains and used a questionnaire to ascertain their negative affectivity, cognitive reappraisal, emotional exhaustion, and the intensity of negative comments they usually received from customers. The results of the conditional indirect effect analysis revealed the positive indirect influence of negative affectivity on emotional exhaustion through cognitive reappraisal when emotional labors receive highly negative comments from customers (high intensity of the situation). Similarly, negative indirect effects were found when emotional labors receive slightly negative comments from customers (low intensity of the situation). The outcomes of this study suggest that cognitive reappraisal can mediate to decrease emotional exhaustion in contexts that arouse more intensive negative emotions; it can also mediate to increase emotional exhaustion in contexts that arouse less intensive negative emotions. The implications of this study include the importance of integrating individual differences with situational factors. The study also provides information about the distinctiveness of groups of emotional laborers.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.264-269
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• 1996

Facial expression is innate communication skill of human. Human can recognize theri psychological state by facial parameters which contain surface movement, color, humidity and etc. This study is to quantify or qualify human emotion by measurement of facial electromyography (EMG) and facial movement. The measurement is taken at the facial area of frontalis and zygomaticus The results is indicative to discriminate the positive and negative respond of emotion and to extract the parameter sensitive to positive and negative facial-expression. The facial movement according to EMG shows the possibility of non-invasive technique of human emotion.

• (The) Korean Journal of Educational Psychology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.389-408
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of time pressure, discretionary time, and subjective well-being(SWB) of university students. In order to achieve it, 493 university students(220 male, 232 female) completed a set of questionnaires about time pressure, discretionary time, subjective well-being. The t-test, multiple regression analysis were performed to analyze the data. The results are as follows. First, There were significant differences among the positive emotion, the negative emotion and time pressure. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the satisfaction of life and discretionary time according to gender. Second, time pressure was negatively correlated with the satisfaction of life of university students but positively correlated with the negative emotion. The discretionary time was positively correlated with the satisfaction of life of university students but negatively correlated with the negative emotion. Time pressure and discretionary time were not correlated with the positive emotion. Finally time pressure significantly correlated with the satisfaction of life, the negative emotion. And It seems that time pressure had an especially strong effect on the negative emotion. Such results imply that time pressure is important for reducing university students's the negative emotion, a subfactor of subjective wellbeing.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.193-204
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• 2014

The aims of this study were to examine whether the preschool children's temperament predicted their emotion regulation in different situations. The participants in this study were 148 3-and 5-year-old children recruited from five child-care centers located in a middle-income region of Seoul. Statistical methods used for the data analysis were the frequencies, means, standard deviations, Pearson correlation, multiple regression. The major findings were as follows. The children's temperament contributed to individual differences in emotion regulation. The 3-year-olds' negative affectivity and surgency significantly predicted their mothers' ratings of the children's emotion regulation in everyday situations. The 5-year-olds' effortful control significantly predicted their teachers' ratings of the children's emotion regulation in everyday situations. In addition, the 5-year-olds' negative affectivity, effortful control, and surgency predicted the mothers' ratings of their children's emotion regulation. These results suggest that children's temperament are contributors to the development of their emotion regulation.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.51-66
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• 2017

Objective: This study aimed to examine the dual mediating effects of preschoolers' emotional temperament and emotion regulation in the relationship between maternal emotional expression and preschoolers' behavior problems. Methods: The participants included 167 preschoolers and their mothers from Daegu city and Gyeonsang province. The mothers completed questionnaires regarding their own emotional expression, children's temperament, emotion regulation, and behavior problems. Results: The primary results of this study were as follows. First, there were significant correlations among maternal emotional expression, preschoolers' emotional temperament, emotion regulation, and problem behaviors. Second, maternal emotional expression had an indirect effect on preschoolers' behavior problems through preschoolers' emotional temperament and emotion regulation. Conclusion: This study revealed that maternal negative emotional expression and preschoolers' temperament and emotion regulation need to be considered simultaneously to explain the level of preschoolers' behavior problems. More specifically, the results highlight the dual mediating effects of preschoolers' temperament and emotion regulation in the relationship between maternal negative emotional expression and preschoolers' behavior problems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1150-1160
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• 2011

This study investigates i) the effect of salesperson's self efficacy and work overload on emotional labor and ii) the mediating role of emotion. A survey questionnaire is developed and implemented on salespersons working in the fashion retail stores of department stores. The measurement scales are composed of emotional labor, self efficacy, work overload and emotion. A total of 112 responses are analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis and a structural equation model with AMOS18.0. The results are as follows. Firstly, self efficacy has direct effect on both deep acting and surface acting of emotional labor without the mediating effect of emotion. Self efficacy has a positive effect on deep acting. Secondly, work overload has a negative effect on emotion. Job emotion has positive effect on deep acting and it has a negative effect on surface acting. Thirdly, emotion has a significant mediating effect between work overload and emotional labor. Finally, implications for personal management and job design in the fashion retail organizations are suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.13-24
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• 2012

This study examined the effects of mothers' reactions toward children's negative emotion as well as mothers' emotional expressivity on children's social withdrawal. 206 children (103 boys, 103 girls; aged 4-5 years old) and their mothers participated in the study. Mothers reported their reactions to their child's negative emotion along with their expressivity. The teachers completed a rating scale to measure children's social withdrawal. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's productive correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regressions. The results showed a relation between mothers' distress reactions and punitive responses and children's social withdrawal. A mother's positive expressivity was negatively related to a child's social withdrawal. A hierarchical regression analysis indicated that the effects of mothers' punitive responses and minimization responses on children's withdrawal were moderated by a mother's positive expressivity. Mothers' punitive responses and minimization responses were positively associated with children's social withdrawal, especially for children who had the lowest level of mother's positive expressivity.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.2720-2735
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• 2022

This study proposes an internet design framework for users to improve their positive emotions when they are in a negative mood. First, the literature review focuses on the definition of emotion, positive emotional design in internet experiences, and emotion regulation. Second, in order to construct an internet design framework that improves positive emotion, this paper adopts a qualitative analysis method to analyze 70 collected studies in the area of regulating emotion and stimulating positive emotions. Additionally, bibliometrics and statistics are conducted to summarize the framework and strategies. Third, two cases of internet design are presented: (a) Internet design that improves users' positive emotions is examined under the background of extreme rainstorm as an example; an applet service design is provided by case study; (b) in the context of COVID-19, we developed an Internet of things interactive design that improves users' positive emotions. Fourth, the internet design framework and the results of the case studies are analyzed and discussed. Finally, an internet design framework is proposed to improve users' positive emotions when they are in a negative mood, which includes the Detachment-empathy framework, External-protection framework, Ability-strengthen framework, Perspective-transformation framework, and Macro-cognitive framework. The framework can help designers to generate design ideas accurately and quickly when users are in a negative mood, to improve subjective well-being, and contribute to the development of internet experience design.