• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.191-204
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• 2009

The purpose of the current study was to validate the ECBQ (Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire) scale. Data were collected from the 39 teachers of 338 18- to 36-month-old toddlers (181 boys and 157 girls) in Korea. The ECBQ scale was composed of 201 items (7-point Likert scale) with three dimensions. Reliability of this study was confirmed by Cronbach ${\alpha}$'s for ECBQ subscales ranging from .76 to .81. The results of the Exploratory Factor Analysis identified three dimensions of ECBQ : activity-non activity, extraversion-attention, negative affectivity-transformation. Results of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported the hierarchic model. There was a significant relationship between temperament and adjustment of infants. It was concluded that the ECBQ scale in general is acceptable for use in Korea.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.143-156
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• 2021

This study presents the psychometric properties of the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (IBQ-R), including internal consistency, content validity, and construct validity. The IBQ-R is a caregiver (parent) reporting instrument designed to assess temperament in infants (aged 3-12 months). Two groups of participants were included. The first group comprised 92 infants and the second 83 infants, giving a total of 175 infants (M=8.3 months, 80 boys and 95 girls). Their caregivers completed IBQ-R. The IBQ-R subscales demonstrated adequate internal consistency. Also, confirmatory factor analyses of the IBQ-R scale found that three broad dimensions: surgency, negative affectivity, and orientation/regulation. This study confirmed that the IBQ-R is a reliable and valid temperament instrument that can be recommended for evaluating temperament in infants.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.84-102
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of the occupational commitment of dental hygienists in Korea. The independent variables contain three groups of work rewards variables which consist of task reward variables (autonomy, job significance, resource adequacy, role conflict, workload, and routinization), social reward variables(supervisory support, co-worker support, and negative affectivity), and organizational reward variables(job security and promotional chances), and eight sociodemographic variables. The sample of this study consisted of 474 dental hygienists who work at general hospitals, university hospitals, dental hospitals and clinics across the nation. Data were collected with self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using hierarchical regression technique. It was found that: (1) job significance have a significant positive effect on the occupational commitment of dental hygienists; (2) role conflict, workload, routinization, and type of work site have significant negative effect on the occupational commitment of dental hygienists; (3) the study model explains 23.7% of the variance in occupational commitment among dental hygienists. The results of the study indicate that managers of dental clinics and hospitals should make efforts to extend the scope and quality of dental hygienists' work through job enlargement and job enrichment.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.101-114
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the temperament characteristics associated with stuttering subtypes (persistent and recovered) over time and the relationship between those characteristics and stuttering severity. This four-year longitudinal study covered 41 preschool children who stutter (CWS) and 30 preschool children who do not stutter (the CWNS group). At the final visit, 27 CWS were classified as the Recovered group and 14 CWS were classified as the Persistent group. Using the Children's Behavior Questionnaire-Short Form, each participant's temperament characteristics were measured twice: at one year and two years after the initial visit. The three subscale scores (Extraversion, Negative Affectivity, and Effortful Control) and the 15 component scores were analyzed, and they were used for between-group and between-visit comparisons. The Persistent group showed a significantly higher Negative Affectivity subscale score at every visit than the Recovered and CWNS groups. Within this subscale, significant group differences were found in the 'Fear' and 'Anger/Frustration' components, demonstrating that the Persistent group scored higher than the Recovered and CWNS groups. There was no significant correlation between the subscale and component scores and the stuttering severity scores within the Persistent group at any visit. These results support the proposition that these two stuttering subtypes have different temperament characteristics; they also imply that temperament might be influenced by stuttering experience over time.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.312-320
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to verify the validity and reliability of the Type D Scale-14 (DS14). Methods: The participants were 288 patients who were diagnosed with angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and hypertension. DS14 was developed by Denollet(2005) and consists of two domains, 7 items on negative affectivity (NA) and 7 items on social inhibition (SI). The Korean version of DS14 was developed through translation-reversed translation and a preliminary test. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire. Cronbach $\alpha$ and Guttman split-half were used to test reliability and item analysis and factor analysis for validity. The SPSS program was used. Results: 35.8% of the participants were classified as Type D. Mean score for NA was 16.80 and for SI, 14.10 in Type D participants. For reliability of NA, Cronbach $\alpha$=0.771, and for SI, 0.707. Factor analysis on 12 items(numbers 1 & 3 were excluded as the corrected item-total correlations were below r=0.3) yielded two factors for NA (6 items) and SI (6 items). Number 7 in the NA domain was sorted into the SI domain. Conclusion: The results indicate, the cultural differences were between Europeans and Koreans. Repetition of the research is needed for generalization of DS14.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.477-497
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric property of the Children's Behavior Questionnaire(CBQ), including reliability, content validity, construct validity, cross validity, and concurrent validity with EAS(Emotionality, Activity, Sociability) scale. The CBQ is a caregiver report measure designed to provide a detailed assessment of temperament in children 3 to 7 years of age. In this study, two groups of participants were included to check cross validity. The first group of participants were 108 preschoolers, 3 to 7 years of age attending kindergartens or child care centers, and their mothers. The second group of participants were 168 preschoolers and their mothers. The CBQ subscales demonstrate adequate internal consistencies. Also, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the CBQ scale reliably recover a three-factor solution indicating three broad dimension of temperament: extraversion/surgency, negative affectivity, and effortful control. Evidence for concurrent validity derives from results of correlation analysis with EAS scale.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.331-341
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• 2022

Through emotional exhaustion, this study empirically tests followers' behavioral responses to autocratic leaders. The current research focuses on effects caused by despotic leadership on followers' emotional exhaustion, which leads to employee outcomes such as interpersonal deviances and indirect aggression. The association between despotic leadership and results (employee interpersonal deviance and indirect violence) is investigated in this study. In this study, emotional exhaustion is used as a mediator. Furthermore, negative affectivity is used as a moderator between despotic leadership and emotional exhaustion. A time-lagged framework is employed with a sample of 255 respondents. Age, qualification, marital status, gender, grade, type of organization, department, and job experience are among the eight demographical questions in this study. After evaluating the data for normality, correlation analysis was performed, followed by moderation and mediation analysis. The current study explores the link between despotic leadership and emotional exhaustion among followers, arguing that a despotic leader will leave followers exhausted at work. Emotional exhaustion was also linked to interpersonal deviances, such as indirect aggression, in a significant and positive way. Employee outcomes, such as interpersonal deviances and indirect aggressiveness through emotional exhaustion, will be influenced by a despotic leader, according to the findings.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.63-96
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• 2017

In a competitive organizational environment, members view completing tasks to perfection without mistakes as the requirement for success and good evaluation from others. However, unrealistically strong perfectionism can have negative effects on members' psychological states and organizational performance. This study focuses on evaluative concerns perfectionism, the negative aspect of perfectionism, based on positive psychology theory to explore the positive mechanism that comes into place in the process of strengthening organization members' resilience. For this purpose, we performed a moderated moderation analysis to investigate whether the moderating effect of leaders' social support (primary moderator) is moderated by their emotional intelligence (secondary moderator). To verify our research model, we conducted a two-part survey of 252 employees in various industries with a time interval to minimize the common method bias. Job rank and positive affectivity were set as control variables to identify the clear causal relationship among variables. Our findings showed that first, evaluative concerns perfectionism reduced resilience; second, leaders' social support positively moderated the relationship between evaluative concerns perfectionism and resilience; and third, the leaders' emotional intelligence positively moderated the two-way interaction between evaluative concerns perfectionism and the leaders' social support, confirming a moderated moderation. Our findings suggest the need for leaders to assume multidimensional roles to enhance the positive traits of organization members, especially in today's complex business environment. The implications of our findings are further discussed in relation to knowledge management and the development of organization members who exhibit evaluative concerns perfectionism, along with suggestions for future research.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.615-623
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting quality of sleep among middle-aged male workers. The participants of this study were 127 middle-aged male workers working in Jeonnam region, and the data were collected through self-reported structured questionnaire. Descriptive statics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and step wise multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 18.0 were used to analyze the data. According to the results, among the variables related to sleep quality, job stress showed a positive correlation, and job satisfaction showed a negative correlation. In addition, the factors such as job demands, occupational climate, job itself explained the quality of sleep at 24.5%. Based on the findings from the study, in order to improve the quality of sleep program for middle-aged male workers should be combined both strategies to increase job satisfaction and to decrease job stress. It is believed that the effort to reduce the amount of work needed to improve the quality of sleep will be necessary and the efforts among members of the organization will be necessary to establish a healthy workplace.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.23-42
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of somatization psychological mechanism among Sasang constitution. Methods : Subjects were seventy four students of Won-Kwang university responded the questionnaire. We evaulated the subjects using Minnesota Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification II(QSCC II), Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2(MMPI-2), 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Somato-Sensory Amplification Scale(SSAS), Symptom Interpretation Questionnaire(SIQ) and The Ways of Stress Coping Questionnaire(SCQ). Results : From the results of Clinical scale of MMPI-2, the scores of 2nd, 9th, 10th scales was significantly difference. In Lesser Yin group 10th score was the significantly highest of the others, 1st, 3rd, 6th, 7th, 8th score were the highest but not significant. and From the results of PSY-5 scale(The Personality Psychopathology Five scale) of MMPI-2, In Lesser Yin goup, INTR(Introversion/Low Positive Emotion) score was significantly highest, PSYC(psychoticism), NEGE (Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism) was higher than the others. In TAS-20K, SSAS, SIQ and SCQ Lesser Yin group was not significantly difference. but Lesser Yin group had the tendency of difficulty describing feelings and externally oriented thinking and higher score in physical and psychological interpretation. We observed generally lower levels of stress coping strategy scores than the others. Conclusions : These results showed that Lesser Yin group tend to somatization compared other constitution.