• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2018

Purpose - Consumers perceive various risks while using food service franchise stores. Food service franchise stores offer consumers not just menus, but services, physical environment, and prices, which can be perceived as risk to consumers. This means that consumer behavior in foos service franchise stores needs to be studied based on perceived risk theory. Perceived risk consists of performance risk, financial risk, social risk, psychological risk, and time risk. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of perceived risk on satisfaction and trust, and in turn affect loyalty. The results of this study will provide guidelines for marketers to develop strategies to reduce the perceived risk of consumers. Research design, data, methodology - In order to achieve research purposes, the authors developed several hypotheses. Data were through online survey through an online survey firm. A questionnaire survey was distributed to customers who have visited the restaurant in the past three months. The survey was conducted from March 5, 2017 to October 14, 2017. A total of 1,500 people were e-mailed and 260 were returned. A total of 245 items were used in the analysis except 15 of the questionnaire. Data was analyzed by using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0. Results - The findings of this study are as follows: First, performance risk, economic risk, and psychological risk had negative effects on satisfaction. Social and time risks did not affect on satisfaction. Performance risk and time risk had negative impact on trust. Second, economic, social, and psychological risks did not affect trust, but satisfaction had significant positive effect on trust and loyalty. Third, satisfaction had positive effect on loyalty. Conclusions - The implications of this study are as follows. First, food service franchise marketers should increase their customer loyalty by establishing a risk reduction strategy. Second, there are various risks to customers visiting the store. Therefore, marketers need to analyze the perceived risks of customers. Third, it is also necessary to eliminate the perceived risks of customers. In addition, a restaurant franchise company needs to find a reasonable way to reduce the material cost and present a reasonable menu price.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.73-85
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• 2014

고객들이 지각하는 서비스 품질은 항공사에 대한 신뢰 및 이미지, 만족에도 긍정적 영향관계를 형성한다. 인적서비스와 비인적서비스의 제공은 소비자들의 항공사에 대한 전반적인 인상 및 긍정적 혹은 부정적 느낌을 형성하는 영향요소이며, 고객의 행동 의지까지 연결될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 서비스 접점 품질에 대한 변수들을 인적서비스접점과 비인적서비스접점으로 구분하고 항공사 이미지와 지각된 가치, 애호도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지를 살펴보고자 한다. 연구결과 인적서비스 접점 품질은 항공사 이미지에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 지각된 가치에는 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 비인적서비스 접점 품질은 항공사 이미지에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며 지각된 가치에는 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 인적서비스 접점 품질은 고객 애호도에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났으나, 비인적서비스 접점 품질은 고객 애호도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 항공사 이미지는 지각된 가치에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났지만 고객 애호도에는 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 지각된 가치는 고객 애호도에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권8호
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• pp.773-785
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• 2006

Vitamin E in the body system plays an important role in preventing chronic diseases by decreasing the oxidative stress by free-radicals. However, there are not enough researches on analyzing the primary factors affecting vitamin E levels in the blood in Korean adults. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to examine blood tocopherol levels and the primary factors affecting the status. A complete lifestyle survey was performed on 314 Korean adult men and surveyed their smoking, drinking and exercising habits. The average plasma level of ${\alpha}-\;and\;{\gamma}-tocopherol$ showed similar mutual relations with plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), or low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (p<0.001). Plasma ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ level of the subjects did not show any difference as smoking, drinking and exercising habits changed. However, ${\gamma}-tocopherol$ per TG showed much lower figure in smokers than non smokers (p < 0.05). Amongst diet factors, plasma ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ level showed negative correlations with Vitamin E intake, while ${\gamma}-tocopherol$ level showed positive correlations with Vitamin E intake. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and plasma tocopherol showed negative correlations, and catalase activity and plasma ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ showed positive correlationship. The level of cell DNA damage of Iymphocyte and plasma ${\alpha}-\;or\;{\gamma}-tocopherol$ showed negative correlations. As a result of this research, the factors that affect Korean adult men's plasma ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ level are plasma TG, LDL-C and cell DNA damage in Iymphocyte, while the factors that affect ${\gamma}-tocopherol$ level are plasma TG, LDL-C and vitamin E intake based on multiple regression analysis. These findings implies that the level of different types of tocopherol depends on slightly different factors. A further research is needed on the factors involved in the differentiation of the types of tocopherol.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2012

Objectives : Autobiographical memory (ABM) is a special type of episodic memory, containing events that have occurred in a personal life. Overgeneral tendency of ABM refers to the retrieval of memory with only general and categorical descriptions rather than specific events. ABM specificity in depression and posttraumatic stress disorder is a robust finding with relation to cognitive vulnerability, affect regulation, problem-solving ability. It is also implicated in bipolar disorder with frequent relapses. In this study, we investigated whether ABM specificity was related to manic or euthymic mood states in patients with bipolar disorder. Methods : Forty bipolar patients with manic and euthymic episodes and 25 healthy controls participated in this study. Prompted by 5 positively and 5 negatively valenced emotional cue words, each participant was instructed to recall positive or negative memories and describe them in detail. The One-way ANOVA was used to compare ABM scores and post-hoc analyses were done. Results : Comapred to the healthy persons, the bipolar patients reported significantly more general than specific negative memories in both manic and euthymic episodes (p = 0.003). However, there was no significant difference between manic and euthymic patients (p = 0.074). Conclusions : These results suggest that overgeneral tendency of negative ABM may be a trait abnormality in bipolar disorder. Moreover, this phenomenon might be related to underlying cognitive deficits or affect regulation irrespective of the mood state.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.99-118
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• 2004

This study examined different individual and environmental factors that affect children's game addiction tendency. As individual variables, game user' motivation, self-control, and self-esteem were included in the analysis. As family variables, communications with mothers, parental control of children's computer use and parental internet use were examined, as school variables, school adjustment and teacher's supervision of children's computer use, and as peer variables, peer group's attitude toward computer games were used. The sample consisted of 994 fifth and sixth grade children. Statistics and methods used for the data analysis were Cronbach's alpha, frequency, percentage, two way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and Hierarchical Regression. Several major results were found from the analysis. First, boys were addicted more than girls. No difference was found in the addiction tendency between the 5th graders and the 6th graders. Second, game users' motivation, that is, their interest-amusement motive, avoidance motive and aggressive motive, had a positive correlation with their game addiction tendency. However, self-control and self-esteem had a negative correlation with children's game addiction tendency. Third, problematic communications with mothers and parental control of children's computer use had a positive correlation with children's game addiction tendency. Open communications with mothers had a negative correlation with children's game addiction tendency. Fourth, school adjusaent had a negative correlation with children's game addiction tendency. And peer group's attitude towards computer games had a positive correlation with children's game addiction tendency. Fifth, low self-control, peer group's attitude towards computer games, children's interest-amusement motive, avoidance motive, aggressive motive, school lesson adjustment, parental control of children's computer use and school nile adjustment were important predicting variables of boy's game addiction tendency. Avoidance motive, low self-control, interest-amusement motive, peer group's attitude towards computer games, and parental control of children's computer use were important predicting variables of girl's game addiction tendency.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2017

PL (Product Liability) refers to the legal responsibility of a manufacturer or seller for bodily injuries or property losses caused by product defects. Therefore, it is important for companies to construct a product liability response system that strategically manage and effectively adapt to product liability. A PL response system refers to companywide operations of PL prevention (PLP) measures, product safety (PS) measures, and PL defense (PLD) measures appropriate for a company's scale and environment. To establish an enterprise product liability response system, each essential component of corporations should be systematically operated and maintained considering the scale and characteristics of the corporations. Essential components of PL response system is Strategy, Organization, Training, Technology, Investment, and Awareness. Role of essential components is that companies need specific strategies to secure product safety and protect customers from product defects, and appropriate organizations must be composed for effective operation of such strategies. The objective of this paper seeks to examine the relationships among the essential components of the product liability response system and PL performance. PL performance consists of positive performance and negative performance. In particular, positive performance include increased efforts in product or process innovation such as strengthening research and development (R&D) to produce safer products without defects. In order to carry out this research we obtained 98 questionnaire of manufacturing company. A summary of the analyses is as follows: First, the awareness and technology among essential components affect significantly to the positive performance. Second, the awareness and strategy among essential components negative affect to the negative performance.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.99-111
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate high school students' perceptions of biotechnology. Participants in this study were 9th and 10th grade students who were enrolled in high schools in Gyeonggi Province. The survey instrument used in this study was a 26-item questionnaire that was designed to measure students' perceptions regarding biotechnology. The study revealed that students' perceptions were positive toward the use of biotechnology on biological objects such as plant, grain and microbes. However, their perceptions were negative toward the use of biotechnology on humans and animals. Male students' perceptions were more positive than female students and there were significant differences between male and female students(p<.01). The study also revealed that male and female students had positive perceptions about the use of biotechnology in the development of beneficial products. However, male students' perceptions were more positive than female students(p<.01). Female students' perceptions were slightly more negative than males and they indicated a measure of caution in the development of beneficial products using biotechnology. Regarding the reliability of biotechnological information acquired from food companies, TV broadcasters, and entertainers, male and female students tended to be highly negative. Students perceived that environmental, religious and ethical issues did not affect the use of biotechnology when asked the effect of these factors on the use of biotechnology. They perceived that food safety and genetic factors of microbes did affect the use of biotechnology. Thus, the study findings suggest that teaching and learning strategies based on the differences of perceptions between male and female students of this study be established and the use of media, development of teaching method and materials be promoted in order to enhance student's performance in environmental education.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.151-167
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• 2001

This study tests the path model which examines how the variables of past and present family dynamics, school adjustment, filed life events affect the adolescents'depression which in tum influencing their suicidal ideation. In the path model, the exogenous varialbes were negative parenting experience in childhood, maladjustment history of the family (e.g., alcohol, divorce), present parent-adolesecent communication, school adjustment, filed life events were used, whereas the adolescent depression was used as the mediated variable. The endogenous variable was the adolescent suicidal ideation. The respondents of the survey were 635 adolescent who were 1st and 2nd grade of high school located in Seoul and Busan. Using SPSS for Windows, the path analysis was done for male and female adolescents separately, since female adolescents were found to report significantly higher degree of depression and suicidal ideation then were male adolescents. The results of the path analysis were as followings. First, for both the male and female adolescents, depression was the strongest predictor of their suicidal ideation. Also, school adjustment strongly affected the adolescents'depression as well as their suicidal ideation. Meanwhile, filed life events indirectly influenced the suicidal ideation only through the depression. Second, for the male adolescents, negative parenting experience in childhood affected both the depression and suicidal ideation, while the parent-adolescent communication directly affected the suicidal ideation. Third, for the female adolescents, maladjustment family history and negative parenting experience did not affect their depression, but the suicidal ideation. Meanwhile, parent-adolescent communication was a significant predictor of female adolescents'suicidal ideation as well as their depression. In conclusion, discussion on different path of male and female adolescents'suicidal ideation was provided.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.631-639
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze the post-purchase behavior of customers who experienced cognitive dissonance after exposure to a franchise foodservice advertisement. The study adopted cognitive dissonance theory to explain the dissonance resulting from the combination of advertisements and actual product that consumers received. In detail, the research hypothesized that cognitive dissonance will affect consumers' post-purchase behavior as well as their efforts to reduce dissonance. Exactly 274 questionnaires were used in the analysis. The results showed that more than 80% of respondents were influenced by advertisements when purchasing menus, and 50% were unsatisfied when the provided menu "was not the same as the advertisement shown". It was found that advertisement type did not significantly affect either group that experienced dissonance. In terms of satisfaction, however, the former group showed greater dissatisfaction when dissonance occurred (p<.001). Finally, there was a significant difference between the two groups regarding post-purchase behavior (p<.05). Customers with dissonance were likely to 'express dissatisfaction directly to the store', 'leave negative reviews', and 'participate in negative word-of-mouth'. Thus, the results revealed that cognitive dissonance could significantly influence customer satisfaction and consequently lead to negative post-purchasing behaviors.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.153-165
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• 2021

연구 목적은 조직 구성원의 정보보안 준수의도에 긍정적, 부정적 영향을 주는 선행요인을 찾는 것이다. 세부적으로, 연구는 준수의도에 부정적 영향을 미치는 걱정을 감소시키기 위한 선행 요인을 찾고, 걱정과 준수의도간의 부정적 관계를 피드백이 조절하는 것을 확인하고자 한다. 설문 대상은 정보보안 정책을 보유한 조직에 근무하는 직장인을 대상으로 하였으며, 구조방정식모델링을 기반으로 주효과 분석과 조절효과 분석을 실시한다. 연구 결과, 걱정은 준수의도에 부정적 영향을 미쳤으며, 경영진의 지원을 통해 높아진 조직문화가 걱정을 감소시키는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 피드백이 걱정과 준수의도간의 부정적 영향 관계를 조절하는 것을 확인하였다. 연구의 시사점은 정보보안 기술 도입을 통해 발생한 걱정의 부정적 영향을 찾았고, 걱정을 완화하기 위한 방안을 제시하였다. 즉, 연구는 조직 내부의 정보보안 수준 향상을 위해 고려해야 할 전략 방향을 제시한다.