• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.131-139
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 지상 기지국을 보조하는 UxNB의 진본성 검증을 위해, 3GPP TR 33.809에 제시된 시스템 정보(System Information) 보안을 위한 솔루션들을 UxNB 관점에서 분석한다. 3GPP(Third Generation Partnership Project)의 정의에 따르면, UxNB는 UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)에 탑재한 기지국(Base Station)이며, UAV에 의해 공중에서 운반되며 UE(User Equipment)에게 연결을 제공하는 무선 접속 노드이다. 시스템 정보(System Information) 보안을 위한 솔루션들은 해시(Hash) 기반, MAC(Message Authentication Codes) 기반, 디지털 서명(Digital Signature) 기반으로 분류할 수 있으며, 각 범주별로 대표적인 솔루션을 하나씩 소개한다. 각 솔루션별로 UxNB의 진본성 검증 관점에서 사전 배포 정보 및 업데이트, UxNB의 보안 정보 유출, 추가적으로 요구되는 연산량 및 전송량 측면에서 해당 솔루션들을 비교 분석한다. 분석 결과, UxNB의 진본성 검증을 위한 솔루션은 UxNB에 저장될 비밀 정보가 최소화되어야 하고, 안전한 장소에 저장되어야 하고, 무선으로 업데이트되면 이를 위해서 암호화를 적용해야 한다. 또한 UxNB의 낮은 컴퓨팅 파워와 전원 부족의 특성으로 인하여 연산량 및 전송량을 최소화해야 한다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.935-941
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• 2006

In this paper, the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of $0.4Pb(Ni_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3+0.6Pb(Zr_{405}Ti_{595})O_3+X\;wt%\;Fe_2O_3$ ceramics were investigated with the addition of $Fe_2O_3$ and sintering temperature. Dielectric constant and piezoelectric constant increased with amount of $Fe_2O_3$ to 0.25 wt% and then decreased the further addition of $Fe_2O_3$. It seems that $Fe_2O_3$ acts as a sintering aid at the sintering temperature of $1150^{\circ}C$. By the addition of $Fe_2O_3$., sintering temperature of the system was lowered from $1250^{\circ}C\;to\;1100^{\circ}C$. The piezoelectric properties showed the maximum value of ${\varepsilon}r=4669,\;d_{33}=810(10^{-12}m/V)$, kp = 77 %, Qm = 55, in $0.4Pb(Ni_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3\;-0.6Pb(Zr_{0.405}Ti_{0.595})O_3+0.25wt%\;Fe_2O_3$ ceramics having composition near the morphotropic phase boundary. The composition may be appropriate for actuator materials because of high piezoelectric constant and electromechanical coupling factor.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2010

For the aim of low-temperature co-fired ceramic microwave components, sintering behavior and microwave properties (dielectric constant ${\varepsilon}_r$, quality factor Q, and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency ${\tau}_f$) are investigated in $Bi_{18}O(Ca_{0.725}Zn_{0.275})_8Nb_{12}O_{65}$ [BCZN] ceramics with addition of $V_2O_5$. The specimens are prepared by conventional ceramic processing technique. As the main result, it is demonstrated that the additives ($V_2O_5$) show the effect of lowering of sintering temperature and improvement of microwave properties at the optimum additive content. The addition of 0.25 wt% $V_2O_5$ lowers the sintering temperature to $890^{\circ}C$ utilizing liquidphase sintering and show the microwave dielectric properties (dielectric constant ${\varepsilon}_r$ = 75, quality factor $Q{\times}f$ = 572 GHz, temperature coefficient of resonance frequency ${\tau}_f\;=\;-10\;ppm/^{\circ}C$). The estimated microwave dielectric properties with $V_2O_5$ addition (increase of ${\varepsilon}_r$, decrease of $Q{\times}f$, shift of ${\tau}_f$ to negative values) can be explained by the observed microstrucure (sintered density, abnormal grain structure) and possibly high-permittivity $Bi_{18}Zn_8Nb_{12}O_{65}$ (BZN) phase determined by X-ray diffraction.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.12-19
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• 2016

The <100> oriented $Fe_{83}Ga_{17}$ alloys with various contents of NbC or B were prepared by directionally solidification method at the growth rate of $720mm{\cdot}h^{-1}$. With a small amount of precipitates, the columnar grains grew with cellular mode during directional solidification process, while like-dendrite mode of grains growth was observed in the alloys with higher contents of 0.5 at% due to the dragging effect of precipitates on the boundaries. The NbC precipitates disperse both inside grains and along the boundaries of $Fe_{83}Ga_{17}$ alloys with NbC addition, and the Fe2B secondary phase particles preferentially distribute along the grain boundaries in B-doped alloys. Precipitates could affect grain growth and improved the <100> orientation during directional solidification process. Small amount of precipitate element addition slightly increased the magnetostrictive strain, and a high value of 335 ppm under pre-stress of 15 MPa was achieved in the alloys with 0.1 at% NbC. Despite the fact that the effect on magnetic induction density of small amount of precipitates could be negligible, the coercivity markedly increased with addition of precipitate element for $Fe_{83}Ga_{17}$ alloy due to the retarded domain motion resulted by precipitates.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.447-453
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• 1999

Czochralski법으로 congruent한 조성(48.6 mol% $LiNbO_2$)과 $LiNbO_3$: Mg(4.5, 6.0, 10.0, 20.0mol%), $LiNbO_3$ : Mn(0.1 mol%), $LiNbO_3$: Fe(0.05 mol%), $LiNbO_3$ : (Mg(4.5)+Mn(0.1), Fe(0.05 mol%)), LiNbO3 : (Mg(20.0)+Mn(0.1), Fe(0.05 mol%))인 융액으로부터 결정을 c-축 방향으로 성장시켰다. 이 결정들은 상온에서의 XRD pattern과 상온~$1230^{\circ}C$의 온도영역과 100Hz~10MHz의 주파수영역에서의 유전상수, 상온에서의 UV_VIS, IR 스펙트럼, 결정내의 Mn2+, Fe3+ 이온에 대한 ESR 스펙트럼 등을 측정하였는데 XRD pattern과 상전이 온도, UV 흡수단, OH- 이온에 의한 스펙트럼, ESR 스펙트럼 등의 Mg첨가량 의존성으로부터 Mg가 첨가된 $LiNbO_3$ 결정의 결함구조에 대해서 논의하였다. congruent한 $LiNbO_3$결정과 Mg를 첨가한 $LiNbO_3$ 결정에서의 Mn2+ 이온은 Mg의 첨가량에 관계없이 Li+을 치환한다. 그러나 congruent한 $LiNbO_3$ 결정과 Mg를 첨가한 $LiNbO_3$ 결정에서의 Fe3+ 이온은 Mg가 4.5 mol% 첨가된 결정에서는 Li+ 자리를 Mg가 6.0 mol% 이상 첨가된 결정에서는 {{{{ { Nb}`_{Li } ^{5+ } }}}} 자리를 치환한다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.1885-1887
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 $BaTiO_3$를 기본조성으로하는 반도성 세라믹스인 PTC 써미스터에 $Nb_2O_5$을 미량 첨가하여 미세구조 및 PTCR의 전기적 특성에 대해서 연구하였다. 또한 복소 임피던스 측정을 통하여 $Nb_2O_5$ 첨가에 따른 grain, grain boundary 저항변화에 대해서도 고찰하였다. $(Ba_{0.9}Sr_{0.05}Ca_{0.05})TiO_3-0.01SiO_2-0.001MnCO_3$를 기본조성으로 하여 $Nb_2O_5$ 첨가량을 $0.15{\sim}0.2mol%$까지 변화시켰으며 소결조건은 소결온도 $1350^{\circ}C$, 2h 유지하였으며 냉각속도는 $100^{\circ}C/h$로 하였다 첨가된 Nb의 양이 증가할수록 grain의 크기는 점차로 작아졌으며 상온저항과 peak 저항이 함께 증가하였다. 0.15mol% 첨가된 시편의 경우 상온저항은 $19[\Omega]$이었으며 peak 저항은 $5{\times}10^6[{\Omega}]$정도가 되었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.211-217
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• 2004

The oxidation behaviors of Ti-10Ta-10Nb alloy and Ti-6Al-4V alloy were studied in dry air atmosphere. Specimens were melted in consumable vacuum arc furnace and homogenized at $1050^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. Hot rolling was performed at $1000^{\circ}C$. Specimens of the alloys were oxidized as the temperature range $400~650^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. The oxidation behavior of the alloys was analysed by optical microscope, SEM/EDX, XRD, XPS and TGA. Immersion test was performed in 1% Lactic acid. In the microscope observation, oxide layer of Ti-10Ta-10Nb alloy was denser and thinner than Ti-6Al-4V's. The weight gains during the oxidation rapidly increased at the temperature above $600^{\circ}C$ in Ti-6Al-4V's alloy and$ 700^{\circ}C$ in Ti-10Ta-10Nb alloy. According to XRD results, oxide layers were composed of mostly $TiO_2$(rutile) phase. It was analysed that the passive film of the Ti alloys consisted of $TiO_2$ through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) analysis.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.517-523
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• 2008

The microwave dielectric properties of $LiNb_3O_8-TiO_2$ based ceramics with low firing agents, CuO, $Bi_2O_3$, $B_2O_3$, $SiO_2$, $TiO_2$, were investigated to improve the sintering condition for the LTCC system. According to the X-ray diffraction and SEM, the ceramics of $LiNb_3O_8-TiO_2$ with low firing agents showed no significant second phases within a range of experiments, and fine microstructures. By adding the low firing agents, the sintering temperature decreased from $1200^{\circ}C$ to $925^{\circ}C$. Based on the results of electrical measurements, the $LiNb_3O_8-TiO_2$ ceramics showed a promising microwave dielectric properties for LTCC applications, those are ${\varepsilon}_r$ (dielectric constant) = 44, Q f (quality factor) = 18000, and ${\tau}_f$ (the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency) = $-1.5\;ppm/^{\circ}C$.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.371-374
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• 1999

Y2O3 and Nb2O5 co-doped tetragonal zirconia polycrystals((Y, Nb)-TZP) containing 10 to 30 vol% $Al_2O_3$ were prepared and hydrothermal stability of the composites was evaluated after aging for 5 h at the temperature range of $150^{\circ}C$ $250^{\circ}C$ under 4 MPa $H_2O$ vapor pressure in an autoclave. The (Y, Nb)-TZP/Al2O3 composites showed excellent phase stability under the hydrothermal conditions, as compared with the 3Y-TZP/$Al_2O_3$ composites, due to the combined effects of the Y-Nb ordering in the $t-ZrO_2$ lattice, the reduction of oxygen vacancy concentration, and the $Al_2O_3$ addition. The strength and fracture toughness of the (Y, Nb)-TZP/$Al_2O_3$ composite, containing 20 vol% of 2.8 $Al_2O_3$ particles, were 700 MPa and 8.1 MP.$am^{1/2}$, respectively.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.934-942
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• 1990

The quarternary system ceramics 0.5[yPb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-(1-y)Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3]-0.5[xPbTiO3-(1-x)PbZrO3](PZN-PNN-PT-PZ) was fabricated by the columbite precursor method to obtain a stabilized perovskite structure and by conventional method to evaluate the efficiency of the former methd. Dielectric and piezoelectric properties were investigated and the stability of the perovskite phase was studied as a function of PZN and PT contents and firing temperature. In the samples prepared by the columbite precursor method, the pyrochlore phase, which is detrimental to both the dielectric and piezoelectric properties, was not observed in the absence of PZN, and electric properties were improved even when fabricated at low temperature. By adding PZN, some pyrochlore phase appeared and the morphotropic phase boundary of the samples shifted to more Zr-rich composition. The temperature dependence of piezoelectric constant decreased with the addition of PZN, due to the rising of the Curie point.