• Spatial Information Research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.363-370
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• 2007

This study has been carried for the development of the basic algorithm of helicopter navigation system based on TRN (Terrain Referenced Navigation) with information input from the GPS. The helicopter determines flight path due to Origination-Destination analysis on the Cartesian coordinate system of 3-D DTM. This system shows 3-D mesh map and the O-D flight path profile for the pilot's acknowledgement of the terrain, at first. The system builds TCF (terrain clearance floor) far the buffer zone upon the surface of ground relief to avid the ground collision. If the helicopter enters to the buffer zone during navigation, the real-time warning message which commands to raise the body pops up using Matlab menu. While departing or landing, control of the height of the body is possible. At present, the information (x, y, z coordinates) from the GPS is assumed to be input into the system every 92.8 m of horizontal distance while navigating along flight path. DTM of 3" interval has been adopted from that which was provided by ChumSungDae Co., Ltd..

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.659-665
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• 2008

This thesis describes the key elements for efficient customs clearance system which can facilitate flow of maritime container cargo in the pier area of Busan port, on the basis of considering great changes on international trade environment, development of customs clearance system, variation of commercial container traffic, and diverse views originated from field experience in the distribution industry. To facilitate the flow of maritime containers, reform plan of bonded-transportation and import declaration is proposed to relieve the customs restriction during the days from discharging cargos to taking them into bonded warehouse. Also, various plans to strengthen maritime security, such as customs exam of high-risk export cargos in loading port, pre-declaration of transit container replacement, container tracing system, are proposed to improve Busan port's competitiveness in safety.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2007.12a
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• pp.287-289
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• 2007

최근 우리나라 여러 주요 항만에 해상교량의 건설이 진행 중이거나 계획 중에 있는데, 이들 교량의 설치 위치나 규모가 주로 경제적인 측면만을 강조하여 이루어짐으로써, 선박 통항안전에 위협을 주고 있으며, 이해 당사자 간의 갈등이 고조되고 있는 현실이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내 해상교량 관련 법령과 절차에 대한 조사 및 연구를 통하여 현행 제도에 대한 문제점을 파악해 보고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2007.12a
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• pp.283-286
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• 2007

최근 우리나라 여러 주요 항만에 해상교량의 건설이 진행 중이거나 계획 중에 있는데, 이들 교량의 설치 위치나 규모가 주로 경제적인 측면만을 강조하여 이루어짐으로써, 선박 동항안전에 위협을 주고 있으며, 이해 당사자 간의 갈등이 고조되고 있는 현실이다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 선박 통항로 상에 많은 해상교량을 가지고 있는 미국의 해상교량 관련 법령과 절차를 조사${\cdot}$연구하여 우리나라의 제도를 제안하는데 참조하고자 한다.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.29 no.1_2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2002

This paper describes a heuristic search technique carrying out collision avoidance for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles(AUVs). Fuzzy relational products are used as the mathematical implement for the analysis and synthesis of relations between obstacles that are met in the navigation environment and available candidate nodes. In this paper, we propose a more effective evaluation function that reflects the heuristic information of domain experts on obstacle clearance, and an advanced heuristic search method performing collision avoidance for AUVs. The search technique adopts fuzzy relational products to conduct path-planning of intelligent navigation system. In order to verify the performance of proposed heuristic search, it is compared with $A^*$ search method through simulation in view of the CPU time, the optimization of path and the amount of memory usage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.423-429
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• 2022

Ship reporting systems are used to exchange information between ship and shore. To realize the digital ship reporting concept, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) recently developed revised guidelines and descriptions of Maritime Service for ship reporting systems in the context of e-navigation. To improve the existing ship reporting system, each Administration should follow the IMO guidelines for ship reporting system. The purpose of this paper is to identify follow-up measures to be taken by the Korean Government as a member State according to the recently developed IMO guidelines in the context of e-navigation, and to present the considerations for the implementation of follow-up measures in Korea. In this study, a ship reporting system in Korea was investigated to identify the considerations for the digital ship reporting system. Consequently, a digital reporting system and digital traffic clearance were proposed and considerations for ship reporting system are presented. This paper is expected to be helpful for the safe operation of ships by presenting the considerations necessary for the implementation of an automated and standardized ship reporting system.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.29 no.5 s.101
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• pp.439-445
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• 2005

Recently, owing to the increasing demand on the simplification of arrival and departure procedures, IMO's (International Maritime Organization) Facilitation Committee (FAL) is carrying out the standardization project of arrival and departure formalities and clearance form. Also, many port authorities of developed countries are making active researches for the smooth flow and efficiency of the information inbound and outbound ships by way of simplifying their formalities or through electronic means. However, this standardization project cannot be done by one country but by mutual cooperation among related nations. And to carry out this task, the first thing to be done is to standardize the formalities and document form, and to integrate information. To this end, this study has reviewed the model cases of advanced ports of developed countries with regard to their simplification and standardization efforts. And also we have analyzed the formalities and clearance form of the three countries Korea, China, and Japan. And then for the solution of common problems of three countries, this paper has suggested an ebXML-based Global Port B2B framework. Through this framework, we can reuse and automate the necessary information on the arrival and departure of ships, consequently realizing simplification, and laying a foundation for the introduction of e-commerce to the port industry.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.63-84
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• 1980

Since 1972 the growth of container services in Korea has been explosive and many shipping lines have heavily committed themselves to containerization as a means of lowering their operational costs by introducing capital-intensive methods to the traditionally labour-intensive field of general cargoes. However, by the lack of comprehensive long-range planning for the reception of containerization there has been bottle-neck at some of the stages along which import-export cargo may pass through a berth to shippers' premises. The aim of this article is to examine the present status of containerization in Korea and assess the implications of containerization for the location of the various distributive facilities: ports, inland container transport, inland clearance depots, groupage terminals, distribution depots at the national level.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.935-943
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• 2012

In this paper a three step procedure was derived to select the GNSS network receiving site candidates for GNSS based infrastructure technology development and according to the proposed procedure the 4 site candidates was selected for final network configuration. In the first step, the site requirement was produced for GNSS based infrastructure technology development referring regulation of the international organizations related to permanent GNSS data receiving and the first candidates were selected using the proposed requirement. In the second step, the second candidates were selected among the first candidates by analyzing the visual measurement, environment test and so on. In the third step the final candidates were selected among the second candidates by analyzing sky clearance, radio frequency interference. Through above the three step procedure 16,7,4 candidates of site were selected sequentially and receiving station site could be effectively selected.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 2023

Ships need to ensure safety during their navigation, which makes route determination highly important. It must be accompanied by a route following controller that can accurately follow the route. This study proposes a method for automatically generating the ship route based on deep reinforcement learning algorithm and following it using a route following controller. To generate a ship route, under keel clearance was applied to secure the ship's safety and navigation chart information was used to apply ship navigation related regulations. For the experiment, a target ship with a draft of 8.23 m was designated. The target route in this study was to depart from Busan port and arrive at the pilot boarding place of the Ulsan port. As a route following controller, a velocity type fuzzy P ID controller that could compensate for the limitation of a linear controller was applied. As a result of using the deep Q network, a route with a total distance of 62.22 km and 81 waypoints was generated. To simplify the route, the Douglas-Peucker algorithm was introduced to reduce the total distance to 55.67 m and the number of way points to 3. After that, an experiment was conducted to follow the path generated by the target ship. Experiment results revealed that the velocity type fuzzy P ID controller had less overshoot and fast settling time. In addition, it had the advantage of reducing the energy loss of the ship because the change in rudder angle was smooth. This study can be used as a basic study of route automatic generation. It suggests a method of combining ship route generation with the route following control.