• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.165-171
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• 2011

A Consider the dead man's switch installed in each and every locomotive cab, which support operational safety on railways around the world. The concept is very simple - every 150 to 180 seconds an illuminated push-button demands to be acknowledged so as to know that the Train Driver is alive and active. In the absence of a response over a period of minutes, the vigilance control will automatically apply the train brakes and bring the train to a stand. If we multiply the resetting of the vigilance control 60 times per hour by a 10-hour shift it equals 600 presses of the button during the shift that a Train Driver must pay attention to and acknowledge. This adds a fair bit of pressure on the train driver's job, particularly when he/she is driving through stations, with passengers moving about on platforms in an environment of complex signaling arrangements - all the while looking out for restricting signals. From this perspective, the Vigilance System's demand to be acknowledged every 150/180 seconds is disturbing and can unnecessarily take a driver's attention away from what is happening outside the confines of the cab. A much more dramatic situation can happen when a train driver is driving hour after hour at night when, by Mother's Nature request - people need to sleep. Experience and research shows that the the dead man's switch can be pressed by train driver in a state of deep relaxation and 'micro-sleep'. The vigilance control system which is applied to reduce the drive load considering bio-response multiple unit train is proposed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.185-195
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to understand the nature of curation commerce in the environment of e-commerce in recent years rapidly changing and looking for ways to take advantage of it. Like the recent trend curation and subscription commerce has been in the limelight in a new way of e-commerce. However, not having appropriately adapted to the market, it has gone out of business or been changing the properties. In analyzing the specific characteristics of the migration queue commerce, it evaluated whether those characteristics do change through the mediating effect of the impact of satisfaction on purchase. This study was carried out using a structured questionnaire, by collecting the material for the 305 general public in the country and it was analyzed using stepwise regression method. After validating the hypothesis, 5 characteristics of curation commerce turned out to have a significant positive effect (+) on purchase and satisfaction of consumers using curation commerce to have a positive effect (+) on purchase. After organizing these findings and discussing the theoretical and practical implications, the direction for future research was proposed.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.73-94
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• 1986

In order to make preparation of the Metallogenic Map of Korea, the writer have to collect and review the data of general geology and ore deposits of Korea which have been published up to date. The geology of Korea has been briefly simplified and grouped into the 15 formations so as to provide the base geologic map for making the Metallogenic Map of Korea. Geologic provinces of south Korea are divided into four, that is, Gyeonggi·Ryeongnam province, Ogcheon geosynclinal province, Gyeongsang basin province and Tertiary province. In the view of tectonics and related granites, the major orogenies in south Korea are as follows; Ryeongnam orogeny, Taebaeg disturbance, post-Sangweon disturbance, post-Joseon disturbance, Bulgugsa disturbance and Yeonil disturbance. Metallogenic epochs might coincide with the period of syntectonic or subsequent igneous rock intrusions accompanied with the above listed orogenies and disturbances. Thus, metallogenic epochs that are certain in Korea so far are; Precambrian periods, Paleozoic periods, Jurassic to early Cretaceous periods, late Cretaceous to early Tertiary periods, Quaternary periods and age-unknown periods. The Metallogenic Map of Korea shows 444 ore deposits and/or mines by symbols on a background adopted from the existing geologic and tectonic map. The 444 metallic and non-metallic deposits are categorized by the commodities they contain, size, geologic environment, mineralized age and mineralogic nature.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 2015

Respiratory disease in pigs is common in modern pork production worldwide and is often referred to as porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). PRDC is polymicrobial in nature, and results from infection with various combinations of primary and secondary respiratory pathogens. The control of swine respiratory disease requires an understanding of the interactions between the organisms that can cause this illness, the pig and management of the environment. This study was carried out to investigate the lesion of red internal organs in slaughtered pigs and provided assistant data for pig farms. A total of 900 lung samples, 45 farms were collected randomly from slaughtered pigs in Jeonbuk province from April to December in 2014. Gross lesions such as swine enzootic pneumonia (SEP), pleuritis, pleuropneumonia, pericarditis, liver white spots were examined for the pigs. Overall prevalence of SEP was 70.8%. According to season, the incidence occurred higher in summer than winter, fall and spring. The mean SEP score was 1.4, the highest incidence occurred in fall. The prevalence of pleuropneumonia, pleuritis, pericarditis, and milk spot was 26.1%, 71.4%, 2.8%, 21.6%, respectively. In the detection of pathogens, PRRS was not detected, PCV2 was positive in 87.6%.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.169-177
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze the design characteristics of Hanok hotel. This study was approached by using theoretical investigation and a field survey. The field survey analyzed the current situations by conducting the master plan layout, architecture and interior design of the Hanok hotel. The field survey was tested by examining four different Hanok hotels from February 2014 to July 2014. After all, the results were analyzed based on given categories. The results of this research can be summarized as following. First, the characteristic of the master plan layout in Hanok hotel was appeared as "ㄷ" and "ㅡ" shapes. Those layouts were based on the spatial and the functional aspects of Hanok hotel facilities. Second, three different structural methods such as the korean traditional wooden structure, concrete, and masonry method were used in Hanok hotel construction to deliver the traditional architecture aspects while considering the functionality and convenience of the building. Third, most of Hanok hotels had the limited furniture range. The consideration of using several types of traditional furniture in different rates of the guest rooms help to increase the service quality and customer's satisfaction. Fourth, there were no diversity of using materials and colors in Hanok hotels that only few of them were used to express the traditional look. Fifth, the local characteristics were found in several Hanok hotels. To reflect the local characteristics in Hanok hotel is to construct a suitable environment to fit in nature and also it is easily to convey the local culture to others.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.809-826
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• 2013

This study considers types of expression and examines aesthetic characteristics by analyzing images expressed through space directing at Chanel Fashion Shows. The conclusions of this study are as follows. The expression types on space directing at Chanel Fashion Shows are what is presented by distributing huge objects associated with Fashion Shows at the center or back of the stage, integrating several detailed decorative elements while maintaining the morphological characteristics of the runway in a linear form, and utilizing an inartificial place or newly forming the whole stage. The symbolism characteristic was first indicated for the aesthetic characteristics on space directing at Chanel Fashion Shows. Symbolism is indicated through the identification of an implicit meaning towards a specific object. The symbolism was highlighted utilizing elements or stories that have a deep association with Chanel. Second, the characteristic of ecology was expressed through the recognition of the importance of the ecological environment by escaping the harmful practices of civilization such as environmental disasters and human alienation. The expression of visual ecology was emphasized utilizing themes related to environmental disasters or reviving the space of primitive nature. Third, the characteristic of fantasy was shown to express thoughts that originated from the human yearning for the ideal world contrary to an incomplete society. Fantasy was created by the inaccessible object in reality and a change in spatial structure. Fourth, the characteristics of amusement expressed pleasure, which is the instinctive desire truly immanent in a human being. It was natural amusement, which was advocated as freedom through the integration of neutrality, integrating either diverse elements (which are naturally recognized in our daily life) into Fashion Shows or amusement, which expressed newness through utilizing unusual objects in Fashion Shows.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.55-61
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• 1995

The European Community (EC) began dealing with the subject of environmental impact assessment (EIA) in the mid-1970s. After ten years of preparatory work and more than 20 draft versions, the EC Council of Ministers adopted, in 1985, the Directive on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment (85/337/EEC). This directive requires the member states to make EIA mandatory for certain projects. Its Article 3 defines the purpose of the instrument: "The environmental impact assessment will identify, describe and assess the direct and indirect effects of a project. There are no rules on scoping or on post-project analysis. However, member states are free to adopt, in their domestic legislation, more stringent rules regarding the scope and procedure of EIA. Consequently, they have developed national EIA systems which differ considerably from each other. Also, EIA practice in each of these countries is different from that in the others. In 1992, the EC Council adopted the 'Flora, Fauna, Habitat' Directive which lays down an additional EIA requirement. Member states will have to develop a network of 'European' nature conservation areas. Each project or plan possibly endangering these areas will have to be assessed whether it is in line with the protection purposes laid down for them. Although the directive does not say so explicitly, this means that a kind of EIA will have to be carried out for those projects and plans. For several years, the Commission has been developing proposals for a directive on EIA of plans and programmes ("strategic EIA"). This would supplement directive 85/337/EED, and would require and EIA for plans and programmes influencing decisions on specific projects(e.g. agricultural plans or energy programmes). At present, procedural and methodological questions of strategic EIA are being discussed extensively both within and without the European Union.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.27-29
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• 1995

Within regional and municipal planning we are using several levels or types of EIA in the city of Dresden. Some of these types, practical aspects and some experiences of our work will be presented in this contribution. Firstly I may introduce you to some general conditions for your better understanding of our principles of work. Surely you know about. the destruction of the political and economical structures in Eastern Germany since 1989. Until today our not quite simple task is to build up new ones. At the same time people were in great expectation of freedom and high standard of living as soon as possible. Economical difficulties increased in association with the breakdown of the market in Eastern Europe. How to rebuild industrial estatements and how to renew the traffic systems? We had to find answers to all these complex question. Should we only repair the former damages or could we reach a really environmental sound production for the future? The demand for a rapid economic growth is an incredible challenge for the application of new environmental ideas. I am truly not sure whether you know the city of Dresden or not. So I would like to give you a short introduction. Dresden is situated in a valley shaped by the river Elbe. There live about 500,000 people. Dresden has a great reputation for arts and sciences. Its also well know as a town of high technology industries such as electronics and optics. We restored the power plant and therefore we don't need any atomic power plants actually we haven't got one. Since 1990 there were founded many official agencies in Dresden because it is the capatal of Saxony. Considering nature and environment we there is a large forest area called "Dresdner Heide". The river Elbe and the meadows are situated on both sides of the river. There are a lot of green and free places in the city area too. Furtheron there is something unusual for a large city: about 50% of the drinking water resources mostly take place within the city itself. The origin is the ground water as well as water from the river Elbe after filtration of course.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.12-20
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze the general patterns of the floor plans and space of Usonian house which designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. this thesis can be summarized as follows : 1) F.L.Wright's houses mostly used simple geometric shapes as the basis for most of his architectural designs. In his early works, his typical floor plans were square or rectangular shapes, which gradually were transformed into various kinds of shape to make the adjustment of location of the site and shape. 2) The general patterns of floor plans of his U-houses were L-shaped or straight shaped using a $4{\times}4$ grid system. Most of U-houses consisted of 3 space: living room, workspace(Kitchen) & dining, and bedroom. Among them, a workspace worked as core role in each house. 3) Even though solid wall is the opposite concept of the transparent glass but most U-houses were designed to have solid walls on one side to provide a gallery space(to secure habitability of resident) and transparent glass walls used on the other side to connect between interior space and natural space of exterior. 4) The cantilever have not been used before Usonian house but F.L.Wright used it which take charge of functions as transfer space between inside space and outside space. 5) F.L.Wright saw the nature as a truth, so he thought the interior space would be natural and all houses must be able to adjust to the natural environment.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.40-50
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• 2012

This study aims at suggesting the applicability of color combination based upon the characteristics of environmental color perception and the nuance concept of Natural Color System(NCS). The results are summarized below: First, NCS is a scientific coloring system in consideration of the relevance between people, light and environment, to be based on a phenomenological point of view. NCS can be called a psychometric model reflecting our natural color sense. Second, the color triangle established by NCS is one of the methods of expression based on the human visual mechanism, which is classified by two attributes of hue and nuance, not by the three color attributes of hue, lightness and saturation. The nuance concept of NCS implies the impression, atmosphere and tone that are perceived in colors, which are related to lightness and saturation. Accordingly, this paper suggests that the coloring arrangement emphasizing nuance and tone is more useful than hue in color planning. Third, aesthetic impression in environmental color perception is inclusive of instantly perceptive nuance, which is connected with affordance. The affordance is revealed by the different relation of similarity. In this regard, a strong relationship is noticed between color combination and the sense of pleasantness. The hypothesis regarding the complementation and similarity of contrasting nature is judged to provide observers with aesthetic order. Finally, this paper also suggests four harmonizing methods in the NCS color triangle based upon equal blackness, equal whiteness, equal chromaticness and same nuance. At the same time, opposition and a different concept of hue, lightness and lightness are combined complementarily with the nuance value to suggest patterns of color combination.