• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2013

The finite element method(FEM) presents some limitations when the mesh becomes highly distorted. For analysis of metal forming processes with large deformation, the conventional finite element method usually requires several remeshing operations due to severe mesh distortion. The new computational method developed in the recent years, usually designated by meshfree method, offers an attractive approach to avoid those time-consuming remeshing efforts. This new method uses a set of points to represent the problem domain with no need of an additional mesh. Also this new generation of computational method provides a higher rate of convergence than that of the conventional finite element methods. One of the promising applications of meshfree methods is the adaptive refinement for problems having multi-scale nature. In this study, an adaptive node generation procedure is proposed and also to illustrate the efficiency of proposed method, several numerical examples are presented.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1213-1222
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• 2016

Given the growing attention to nature and health in modern society, this study considered the role of a waterscape facility as a key element in a landscape's influence on users' physiological and psychological responses. The subjects were 28 university students, and the collected data included systolic and diastolic blood pressure, salivary amylase concentration, semantic differential (SD) scales, and profile of mood states (POMS). As compared to a space without any waterscape element (Type G), relaxation in a space with a waterscape element (Type W) was found to significantly reduce of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and salivary amylase concentration. The SD scale and POMS findings showed that Type W evoked active, bright, dynamic, free, vital, interesting, and cheerful images and improved mood states by enhancing vigor while inhibiting depressive feelings. These findings indicate waterscape facilities can improves users' mood states and may enhance their health.

• International Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2016

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are becoming very popular in various industries due to their effectiveness of the utilization of their constituent elements. However, the modelling of these materials is difficult due to the complex nature of variation of material properties across the thickness. Many shear deformation theories have been developed and employed for the analysis of such functionally graded plates (FGPs). A recently developed inverse hyperbolic shear deformation theory has been successfully employed by Grover et al. [1] for the analysis of laminated composites and sandwich plates. The objective of the study is to obtain finite element solution for the structural analysis of functionally graded plates using inverse hyperbolic shear deformation theory. Finite element analysis facilitates the analysis of complex problems such as functionally graded plates with different boundary conditions and different loadings.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.728-732
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• 2004

In the FE analysis of sheet metal forming, efficient results can be obtained by using shell elements rather than using solid elements. However, shell elements have some limitations to describe three-dimensional material laws. In the recent years, solid-shell element, which has only translational degree of freedom like solid element, has been presented. The assumed nature strain (ANS) and enhanced assumed strain (EAS) methods can be used to remove several solid-shell locking problems. In this paper, ANS method was used for diminish transverse shear locking and EAS method for thickness locking. Using the element, the steel pipe making process from flat plate analyzed effectively, which is including bending and welding.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.37-45
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• 2006

Jean Paul Gaultier, debuted in 1970's and referred to as a bad boy in Paris fashion industry with his abnormal and ingenious ideas such as skirts for men, underwear outfit, etc, is a leading fashion designer. This study nay find its meaning from the fact that this study defines how the voluptuous beauty, one of the figurative beauties inherent in Jean Paul Gaultier's design, expresses in the movie costume and understands the world of the designer's fashion to provide a foundation to fashion designers who are looking for a new area where they can actively involve in. For the study, the 'The Fifth Element (1997)', in which the voluptuous beauty, Jean Paul Gaultier's representative figurative beauty, is fully revealed, and also it is his latest movie he participated in as costume designer, was selected and costume design is analyzed using DVD screen capture program. Also, this study reviewed his design with his collections from 1997 when he was invited to Haute Couture and began to actively perform his works down to date and also referred to numerous materials, fashion magazines, movie magazines, Internet data and etc. From the results of analyzing Jean Paul Gaultier collections, firs, the beauty he is pursuing is projected broadly in three types- the voluptuous beauty from clothing innovation, the voluptuous beauty from unpolished nature, the voluptuous beauty from exposure. Second, the movie ${\ulcorner}$The Fifth Element${\lrcorner}$ is well revealed the world of Jean Paul Gaultier's art presenting visual amusement and variety of attractions. Finally, the results of analyzing costume by characters say that the clothing innovation and the voluptuous beauty from exposure on Leeloo's costume, the voluptuous beauty from exposure on Korben Dallas's costume, the voluptuous beauty from unpolished nature on Zorg and Ruby Rhod's costumes are well shown respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.200-209
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• 1996

Recent literature in science education has emphasized nature of science in science teaching. The theme has been considered to be an important element for scientific literacy.The purpose of this study was to identify Korean science teachers' points of view on topics related to nature of science, such as definition of science, characteristics of scientific hypotheses, scientific theories and scientific laws, and their construction, scientists, and scientific methods. The relevant 13 items were selected from Views on Science-Technology-Society (VOSTS) by the authors for this study. Most teachers perceived science as an exploratory process or problem solving. Some perceived science as an application of knowledge to make this world a better place to live in. Teachers viewed scientific activities as scholastic and individualistic instead of pragmatic or collective. They did not hold clear understandings of the idea that scientific knowledge is subject to change. As identified in previous studies, teachers thought that scientific ideas develop from hypothesis to theories, and finally to scientific laws. They did not show sound understanding of inventiveness of scientific hypotheses and theories, nor discovery of scientific laws. In summary, teachers' major points of view reflected 'realism'. It suggested that they needed to understand nature of science in the ways which it has been described in recent literature of science education, in order to teach science with personal and social contexts.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.47-64
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• 2010

It is unfair that environmental pragmatism has been regarded as a mouthpiece for industrial expediency and business boosterism. John Dewey's radical pragmatism known as 'Instrumentalism' has provoked ecological fundamentalists' criticism more vehemently than any other pragmatic philosophies. However, most of the presumptive misunderstandings of such critics as Holmes Rolston, J. Baird Calliott, Erich Katz, C. A. Bowers and many others come from their limited or reduced reading of Deweyan pragmatism. The following three aspects of Deweyan pragmatism can work out in opening up a dialogical space with those eco-centrist thinkers mentioned above. First, the concept of Dewey's 'primary experience' can articulate the foundationalist view of nature, which is often found in aboriginal cultures. Second, as Andrew Light points out, ecological essentialism can share its metaphilosophical position with the pragmatist epistemology. While Anthony Weston pursues pluralism, admitting that the foundationalism might be one of the efficient approaches to nature, Eric Katz is also clearly attracted to the metaphilosophical element in Weston's argument that anyone who attempts to claim the 'inherent value' of non-human nature never possibly avoids a pitfall of anthropomorphism. Lastly, in a more comprehensive perspective, Dewey's pragmatism shows a philosophical complexity, what Larry A. Hickman calls 'post-postmodernism.' a dynamic interaction between modernism and postmodernism. Significantly enough, the environmental version of this complexity can procure a meeting ground between foundationalist ecology and the pragmatic view of nature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.30-42
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the science journals written by pre-service elementary school teachers, and to categorize the view on the nature of science and the process of their change. For this purpose, 112 science journals written by 13 pre-service elementary school teachers were analyzed. The frequency of each area was analyzed using the research framework of the four areas of the nature of science, and the pattern of change in perspective on the nature of science was inductively derived and classified using the VNOS-C test analysis framework. As a result, The nature of scientific thinking, nature of scientific knowledge, nature of STS, and nature of scientific inquiry were described in relatively similar proportions, but among them, The nature of scientific thinking appeared in the largest percentage, and the nature of scientific inquiry was described in the smallest percentage. The variability of scientific knowledge, the importance of empirical evidence, and the positive and negative effects of science were especially intensively addressed. In addition, the changing aspects of pre-service elementary school teachers' perspectives on the nature of science could be categorized into 'naive view maintenance type', 'informed view maintenance type', 'regression type', 'development type', and 'mixed type'. The element of 'the empirical nature of scientific knowledge' showed various patterns of change depending on the students, and most of the students maintained a informed view on the tentativeness of scientific knowledge for several sessions.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.257-277
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• 2011

In this paper the geometrically nonlinear continuum plate finite element model, hitherto not reported in the literature, is developed using the total Lagrange formulation. With the layerwise displacement field of Reddy, nonlinear Green-Lagrange small strain large displacements relations (in the von Karman sense) and linear elastic orthotropic material properties for each lamina, the 3D elasticity equations are reduced to 2D problem and the nonlinear equilibrium integral form is obtained. By performing the linearization on nonlinear integral form and then the discretization on linearized integral form, tangent stiffness matrix is obtained with less manipulation and in more consistent form, compared to the one obtained using laminated element approach. Symmetric tangent stiffness matrixes, together with internal force vector are then utilized in Newton Raphson's method for the numerical solution of nonlinear incremental finite element equilibrium equations. Despite of its complex layer dependent numerical nature, the present model has no shear locking problems, compared to ESL (Equivalent Single Layer) models, or aspect ratio problems, as the 3D finite element may have when analyzing thin plate behavior. The originally coded MATLAB computer program for the finite element solution is used to verify the accuracy of the numerical model, by calculating nonlinear response of plates with different mechanical properties, which are isotropic, orthotropic and anisotropic (cross ply and angle ply), different plate thickness, different boundary conditions and different load direction (unloading/loading). The obtained results are compared with available results from the literature and the linear solutions from the author's previous papers.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2015

This study aims to investigate the physical characteristics and architectural ornaments of the walls (DamJang) and their bordering area that defines the Rear Garden of Changdeok-gung, one of the Royal Palaces in Seoul. This area, centered on Buyong-ji(부용지) and Aeryeon-ji(애련지), features the morphological diversity of buildings, walls, gates and stone bases in the palace. The findings are summarized as follows: First, DamJang, as a basic architectural element for the space organization, takes a set of various forms featuring different construction materials while responding positively to the physiographic nature of the surroundings; Second, DamJang along with their gates, also features different types of ornamental expressions which also suggest the hierarchy of its building and space; Third, typical of the traditional garden design in Korea are a group of DamJang standing as independent structures mostly around Buyong-ji and Aeryeon-ji whose finishing conditions also differ based on the nature of the space; Fourth, among commonly observed examples of DamJang in the Rear Garden and Changdeok-gung palace-wide, is a 'T' shaped wall whose heights and materials function as a design element for the garden.