• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2007

Various buildings constructed by environmentally friendly resources are being built in KOREA. Especially as the wood has distinctive ecological merits in comparison with reinforced concrete and brick, the buildings made by the wood are acknowledged with its superiority of ecological value. Enough field studies for their thermal environment, however, haven't been done. In this study, to investigate indoor environmental condition and occupants' response to it of Log Cabin in Gyeongsangnam-do Hamyang Country Jirisan Natural Recreation Forest, examination of indoor thermal environment and field subjective evaluation have been done in that fundamental information of thermal environment characteristics can be suggested. The results are following; 1) Thermal environment of the Log Cabins; Indoor and outdoor mean dry bulb temperature were $21.9^{\circ}C$ and $-3.1^{\circ}C$, and Indoor and outdoor average relative humidity were 25.8% and 52.1%. These results are below ASHRAE; dry bulb temp. $22.0^{\circ}C$, humidity 30%, and above domestic standards; dry bulb temp. $18{\sim}20.0^{\circ}C$, humidity $40{\sim}60%$. 2) Result of subjective evaluation; Thermal sensation and its comfort were evaluated as 'slightly uncomfortable' because of 'slightly warm'. And humid sensation and its comfort were evaluated as 'slightly uncomfortable' because of 'slightly warm'. 3) Result of vertical temperature and humidity; Vertical temperature difference from head to ankle was $0.54^{\circ}C$ which means most occupants may feel comfortable.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.113-124
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to search into the relation between the chinese seclusion culture and the gentleman's gardens by means of the historical and aesthetic approach. The periodic limits of this study is from pre-Qin to Tand. For gentleman's gardens in Tang dynasty at once got out of the noble's gardens which had imitated the imperial gardens until Tang, and became the origin of the gardens of the literati appearing in post-Tang dynasty. The major findings are as follows : First, in pre-Qin period, the origin of the seclusion culture is classified as the metaphysical seclusion of Taoism and the physical seclusion of Confucianism. Although Pu, Yuan, and Uou which could be said the first step of the chinese gardens were inquired, the clear relation between the seclusion and them is not found. Second, during Qin-Han dynasty, the role of the gardens, as the settings of the seclusion, are comparatively minor, too. But uan Kuang-Han's garden considerably escaped from that of pre-Qin in the aspect of function, and it has the characteristics of recreation. Third, during Wei-Chin and Liu dynasty, two types of the seclusions emerged. One is the small seclusion, and the other the Great Seclusion. Though, as formerly, the contemporary gardens did not escaped from the imperial gardens, Shi Chong's garden can be the setting of the Court Seclusion. But the seven Righteous in Bamboos' and Tao Yuan-Ming's settings of the seclusion were real natural environments rather than gardens. Forth, in Tang dynasty, in spite of relatively low status, Bai Ju-Yi's theory of the middle Seclusion enabled gentlemen to make seclusion in sinecures unlike the court Seclusion. The theoretical background of the Middle Seclusion was Zen Buddhism and the State Examinations System and Bai Ju-Yi's private social position also had an important effect on it. In Tang dynasty, there being nobiliary gentleman's gardens, Bai Ju-Yi's garden, Lushan Caotangyuan, was the setting of the Middle Seclusion. It can be called a real gentleman's garden, for it is simple and small unlike the imperial gardens or the nobiliary gentleman's gardens.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.299-319
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• 2016

The National Forest Inventory (NFI) is important for providing fundamental data for basic forest planning and the establishment of forest policies for the purpose of implementing sustainable forest management. The purpose of this study is to present the development of Korea's NFI including legal basis, sampling design, and measured variables and to review the usage of NFI data. The survey methods and forestry statistics among the Unites States, Canada, Japan, China, and European countries were briefly compared. Total 140 publications utilizing NFI data between 2008 and 2015 were categorized with 15 subjects. Korea has conducted the NFI 6 times since 1971, but only the $6^{th}$ NFI is comparable with the fifth, the previous NFI, because the permanent sampling plots have been shared between the periods. The Korean Forestry Statistics contains only half as many variables as that of advanced countries in Forestry. More researches were needed to improve consistent measurement of diverse variables through implementation of advanced technologies. Additional data for Forest Health Monitoring since the NFI $6^{th}$ must be under quality control which will be an essential part of the inventories for providing the chronological change of forest health.

• 한국조경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조경학회 2007년도 Journal of Landscape Architecture in Asia Vol.3
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• pp.202-207
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• 2007

Recently, the number of 'field-museums(F.Ms.)' in Japan has increased. Although they are very diverse, the essential commonality is that each has a field arranged as a kind of museum. In this study, we examine the 'F.M.' mainly through documents in order to understand the concept of the F.M. and the direction of further studies. Before examining the cases of F.Ms., we explore the history of the F.M. and the role of museums in order to establish the background of the development of F.Ms. The term F.M. first appeared and evolved in 1990s. It is suggested that F.Ms. are positioned on the same lines as development of museums, and that the field of museums and the field of landscaping is beginning to overlap. Concerning the role of museums, we examined the definition of museums in terms of conventional museums and regional planning. Next, the documents of 36 cases of F.Ms. are checked regarding their types and roles. Consequently, we found that while most F.Ms. cases have both the role of conventional museums and the role of regional planning, it is difficult to say that the role has some connection with the type. It seems that F.Ms. emphasize 'education' rather than 'collection', 'pleasure' and 'research', compared with conventional museums. In addition, the role of regional planning is strongly expected. In many cases, the F.M. is expected to be a method of regional management, not merely a museum. In order to use F.Ms. for regional planning and landscaping effectively, it is desirable for F.Ms. to be defined from this viewpoint. For this purpose, it is necessary to determine the extent of F.Ms. The problem is which extent to choose, geographical unity or administrative border. Hence, further comparative research is needed clarify the association between the extent and the identity in order to establish a more effective size of F.Ms.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.15-27
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• 1994

주거환경에서 거주자의 '시각만족(residents' satisfaction with visual appearance)은 더 큰 추상적 개념인 '주거만족'(residents' housing satisfaction)과의 밀접한 인과적 관련(Francescato et. al., 1979) 때문뿐만 아니라 인간 기본 욕구 중의 하나인 미적 욕구의 충족과 관련되어 있다는 점(Chin, 1991)에서도 중요시 되어야 할 이론적 개념이다. 본 연구에서는 거주자의 시각만족을 종속지표로 보고, 다양한 영향 가설변수들과의 인과 적 관련도를 경로분석(path analysis)을 통해 검증하고 있으며, 어떤 변수 가 어떤 이유(경로)로 또는 얼마만한 크기로 거주자의 시각만족에 영향을 주는 가가 중점적으로 토의된다. 한국의 6개 대단위 주거단지로부터 다단 계표집 방법과 설문면담 방법을 통해 646명의 응답이 수거되었다. 분석의 첫 단계로써, 다수의 설문문항을 본 연구의 가설 변수로 집약하기 위한 요 인분석(factor analysis)이 사용되었고, 요인 분석으로부터 추출된 변수들간 의 인과적 관련도를 검증하기 위해 최종적으로 경로분석이 사용되었다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약해 볼 때, 본 연구의 가설 변수 대부분이 최종 종속변 수인 거주자의 '시각만족'에 유의한 인과 영향을 보이는 것으로 나타났으 며, 구체적으로 '시각적 무질서'(visual disorder), '시각적 단조로움'(visual monotony), '단지 과밀감'(development crowding) 등이 부정적 영향을, '시 각적 매력'(visual attractiveness)과 '인근 자연녹지의 존재'(presence of nearby natural environment)등이 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 파악되었 다. 그 외에도 '옥외공간이용 편리'(outdoor or recreation convenience)와 ' 이웃만족'(satisfaction with neighbors), 그리고 '주거환경 유형'(building type, building arrangement type)등도 유의한 인과적 관련을 보이므로써, 기존 문헌들이 제시하고 있는 것보다 훨씬 다양한 변수들이 다양한 경로를 통해 거주자 시각만족의 영향인자가 될 수 있는 가능성을 제시하고 있다. 가설 변수의 하나인 '길찾기의 난이 정도'(difficulty of way-finding)와 종 속변수간에 유의한 관련도가 나타나지 않은 이유로 길찾기 변수가 '시각만 족'보다는 거주자의 '안전만족'(safety)과 관련된 변수일 가능성도 아울러 지적되었다. 본 연구의 결과로부터, 주거 계획 및 설계분야 그리고 추후 관 련 연구 분야를 위한 여러 제안들이 제시되었다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2014

The pond wetlands in agricultural landscape are important natural resources that carry out the function of bio-diversity conservation. However, recently, those have been gradually embedded as their utility value were disappeared. And, the assessment methods used for pond wetlands are insufficient. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the conservation value of pond wetlands by using the modified RAM, and present the improvement of assesment methods. The study sites, a total of 32 pond of 4 types by land use, were selected on the basis of Ramsar Convention. Through the analysis of precedent studies, the weighted 8 functions were adjusted. According to the assessment results, pond wetlands made the largest contribution to Fishery and Herpetile Habitat function. In addition, it also made large contribution to Floral Diversity, Wildlife Habitat, and Water Quality Protection function. On the other hand, it made a small contribution to Aesthetics and Recreation, Runoff Attenuation, Shoreline /Stream Bank Protection, and Flood/Storm Water Storage function due to the characteristics of small-scale pond wetlands. In the assessment of 8 functions, house type showed the worst assessment result, and mountain type showed the best assessment result. It is thought that those are due to land use type in terms of vicinity. 10 items among 52 of the modified RAM showed the same assessment results in all land use types. Accordingly, it is required to be deleted and modified the assessment method. On the other hand, it is required to add age, interference, and water use to the assessment method. It is thought that these results can be utilized for the development and modification of assessment methods focused on pond wetlands in rural area.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2021

As population concentration, high-rise, and high-density progresses amid rapid industrialization and urbanization in Korea, green areas in the city have decreased significantly and the natural environment has deteriorated day by day due to various development projects. In order to cope with these social changes, many studies related to park and green areas have been conducted, but in the case of Gwangju-si, only studies on green areas such as vegetation structures, street facilities, and recreation forests have been conducted on park green areas. The situation is not losing. Therefore, in this study, a survey was conducted on Gwangju citizens to understand the usage behavior and satisfaction of park green areas, and to provide basic data for future park development and reorganization. As a result, first, to induce a variety of static and dynamic activities in order to increase the park satisfaction of Gwangju citizens, it is possible to create a park that has not been formed as soon as possible, and by planning programs with various themes. Second, it is necessary to expand green space services in marginalized areas by creating water streams, flower pots, and rooftop greening around the lives of Gwangju citizens, and create park green spaces with themes using cultural and historical resources for each administrative district. Third, in order to solve the dry landscape in some urban areas, it is necessary to establish a three-dimensional landscape plan by creating a variety of green areas such as potted plants, green areas, and street trees, and by giving functions of park green areas such as expanding leisure and convenience facilities.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.120-137
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• 2015

본 연구는 문화유산 관광지에서의 방문객 체험을 밝히고 그 체험이 문화유산 관광지에 대한 태도변화에 미치는 영향을 밝히는 데 그 목적이 있다. 먼저 문헌고찰을 통하여 문화유산의 특성이 반영된 체험영역과 만족 및 태도 측정문항을 도출해 내고, 둘째, 방문객이 문화유산 관광지 프로그램 참가를 통해 얻은 체험과 방문만족, 태도변화를 측정하였다. 수원 화성행궁에서의 현장조사를 통하여 도출된 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 방문객들은 체험 프로그램 참가를 통해 즐거움, 진정성, 배움, 그리고 일탈/유대감의 체험을 한다. 둘째, 체험영역 중 진정성, 즐거움, 배움의 체험 순서대로 문화유산 관광지 방문만족에 큰 영향을 미치고 일탈/유대감은 방문만족에 영향을 미치지 않는다. 셋째, 문화유산 관광지에 대한 방문객의 태도변화에는 방문만족, 즐거움, 진정성, 배움의 순대로 큰 영향을 미치며 방문만족이 태도변화의 결정적 선행변수이다. 또한 태도변화에 가장 큰 직접적 영향을 미치는 체험영역은 즐거움이지만, 가장 큰 간접적 영향을 미치는 것은 진정성이다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.891-905
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the plants in Yongjibong Natural Recreation Forest before construction, to provide basic data that can be used for various purposes. The survey was conducted on the planned recreational forest sites from June to September 2020. The numbers of flora are summarized as follows: 348 taxa, 95 families, 234 genera, 308 species, three subspecies, 30 varieties, and seven forma. The Korean endemic plants were of nine taxa, including Fagus engleriana, Celtis choseniana, and Broussonetia x kazinoki. The rare plants were of six taxa, including Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii, Hylotelephium ussuriense, Thuja orientalis, and F. engleriana; however, Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii, H. ussuriense, T. orientalis, and Iris ensata var. spontanea were planted species. The floristic regional indicator plants (unique plants) found in this survey area were of 33 taxa, comprising three taxa of grade V, four taxa of grade IV, nine taxa of grade III, four taxa of grade II, and 13 taxa of grade I. The naturalized plants were of 26 taxa, including Rumex crispus, Phytolacca americana, and P. esculenta. Among the naturalized plants, it is necessary to prevent the spread of Ambrosia trifida, Bidens frondosa, and Tagetes minuta through continuous monitoring.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2016

이 연구는 퇴계의 경(敬)을 중심으로 운동하는 몸에 대한 생태윤리학적 접근을 시도하였다. 인간과 자연의 갈등원인은 인간의 욕망에서 비롯된 잘못된 자연관을 들 수 있다. 퇴계는 욕망의 문제를 경을 통해 극복할 수 있다고 보았다. 퇴계 경사상의 생태윤리학적 접근 가능성은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 퇴계의 경은 자연 속에서 완성된 것이기에 가능하다. 둘째, 퇴계의 경은 자연에 대한 인간의 책임(배려)을 강조한다. 셋째, 경은 도덕 실천능력과 연관되기 때문이다. 한편, 퇴계는 '몸을 잘 보존하는 것'이 자기보존인 동시에 자연의 순리를 따르는 천리의 의미로 이해하였다. 이러한 관점에서 운동하는 몸은 신체건강과 마음건강의 의미가 존재하며 동시에 인간과 자연을 하나의 관계망으로 이해하여 자연 질서를 따르는 생태적 가치의 측면도 존재한다. 운동하는 몸을 통한 경의 획득은 '경신(敬身)'과 '활경(活敬)'의 실천을 제안한다. 자연과 함께하는 신체운동을 할 때 몸을 공경하는 '경신'의 단계에 머무르는 것뿐만 아니라 생태환경을 보전(活敬)하면서 자연을 통해 요산요수(樂山樂水)의 덕을 함양하는 단계로 나아가는 것이다.