• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2000

Optimization of chemicals in the large scale sea water medium and inoculum for biomass and natural colourants production in the marine cyanobacteria, Phomidium tenue BDU 46241 (phycoerythrin producer) and P.valderianum BDU 30501 (phycocyanin producer) was carried out by experiments in L8 orthogonal array. Mathematical analysis revealed the significance of these factors. The factor(s) that critically control the yield varied with the organism and the end-product further, the desirable level of these factors between the normal and a higher level tested was identified and improved media were evolved. In both cyanobacteria, higher level of $K_2$$HPO_4$, $NaNO_3$ and inoculum with normal level of ferric ammonium citrate was found to be desirable for biomass production and additionally, higher level of $MgSO_4$ for pigment production. The level of other factors varied with the organism and the end-product. Confirmation experiments showed that the clues obtained based on mathematical experimentation are valid. In P.tenue, the medium optimized for biomass production increased the yield of biomass by 495% and the medium optimized for phycoerythrin production increased the yield of biomass by 408% with 30% increase in phycoerythrin content of the biomass. Similarly in P.valderianum, the medium optimized for biomass production increased the yield of biomass by 224% and the medium optimized for phycocyanin production increased the yield of biomass by 143% with 44% increase in phycocyanin content of the biomass.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.1273-1281
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 율피 색소로 1제형 산성 염모제를 제조하여 1제형 산성 염모제의 단점인 색상의 발색력을 높이고 오랜 지속력을 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 위해, 분광측색계를 이용하여 염색력을 측정하고, 모발의 퇴색 정도를 살펴보기 위해 광학밀도(O.D.) 값을 측정하였으며, 모발의 탄력성은 인장강도를 측정하여 분석하였다. 각 레벨의 모발 시료에 대해 다른 방치 시간과 처리 방법을 적용한 결과를 비교한 결과, 20분간 열처리한 실험군이 가장 높은 염색력을 나타내었다. 이어 자연방치 40분, 열처리 10분, 자연방치 20분 순으로 확인되었다. 그리고 10레벨까지 올라갈수록 색상 표현이 높아지는 것을 확인하였다. 그러나 10레벨에서는 3일 후에도 약간의 수분 손실이 발생하고 인장강도도 낮은 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 앞으로 뷰티 업계가 다양한 천연염색 성분이 함유된 1제형 산성 염모제를 대중화하여 현대인의 웰빙과 건강한 심신을 유지하는 데 도움을 줄 것을 시사한다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.463-469
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 curcumin과 관련 구조물질인 ferulic acid, DBM, THC을 사용하여 이들의 산화방지활성과 세포독성을 나타내는 활성과 구조 간의 연관성을 분석하였다. 각종 라디칼 소거활성과 지질산화 억제 반응에서 DBM은 거의 활성을 나타내지 못해, methoxy phenolic기가 중요한 기능 구조로 나타났으며 α, β-unsaturated carbonyl기도 이들의 산화방지 활성에 일부 관여하는 것으로 보인다. Curcumin 유도체들의 세포독성과 이들의 산화방지활성 간에는 연관성이 거의 없었으며, ROS의 생성에는 α, β-unsaturated carbonyl기가 중요한 역할을 담당하나 세포독성의 직접적인 원인이 아닌 것으로 판단된다. 세포독성 유발에는 β-diketone 구조가 중요한 역할을 하였으며, SOD/catalase 등에 의한 구조의 안정화가 세포독성을 더욱 강화시키는 것으로 판단된다. Curcumin과 ferulic acid의 조합처리에 의해 독성이 증가한 반면, DBM과 curcumin을 같이 처리 시 독성이 상쇄되었으며 THC과 curcumin은 서로 부가적인 세포독성을 나타냈다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.339-345
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• 2017

Carotenoid는 천연 지용성 색소이며, 세균, 조류, 식물 등이 생산한다. 세계 시장의 대부분을 차지하는 합성 염료의 대안으로서 현재는 조류나 세균, 갑각류 등의 원료로부터 아스타잔틴의 생산, 정제, 이용이 주목 받고 있다. 이 연구는 UV와 EMS를 이용하여 P. haeundaensis의 돌연변이를 유도하고, 결과적으로 astaxanthin을 과잉 생산하는 돌연변이주를 선별하고 특성을 확인하기 위해 다양한 배양 및 영양 조건을 이용하여 astaxanthin 생산량을 확인하였다. 실험 결과 UV 조사 시간이 증가하거나, EMS 농도가 증가할수록 균주의 생존율이 감소하였다. Astaxanthin 과잉 생산 돌연변이 균주의 경우 400 mM EMS와 UV 20분을 순차적으로 처리한 방법에서 선별된 변이주가 가장 높은 astaxanthin 생산량을 보이는 것을 확인하였으며, 이 균주의 이름을 PUE로 명명하였다. PUE의 최적 배양 조건은 $25^{\circ}C$, pH 7-8, 3% NaCl이며, 1% raffinose, 3% potassium nitrate 첨가 시 astaxanthin 생산량이 증가하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. PUE에서는 wild type 균주에 비해 astaxanthin 생산량이 1.58배 증가함을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 실험 결과, 돌연변이 유도에 의해 선별된 변이주는 astaxanthin의 산업적 생산에 활용 가능한 후보가 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• ALGAE
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.75-99
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• 2014

A small dinoflagellate, Ansanella granifera gen. et sp. nov., was isolated from estuarine and marine waters, and examined by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the identity of the sequences (3,663-bp product) of the small subunit (SSU), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2), and D1-D3 large subunit (LSU) rDNA were determined. This newly isolated, thin-walled dinoflagellate has a type E eyespot and a single elongated apical vesicle, and it is closely related to species belonging to the family Suessiaceae. A. granifera has 10-14 horizontal rows of amphiesmal vesicles, comparable to Biecheleria spp. and Biecheleriopsis adriatica, but greater in number than in other species of the family Suessiaceae. Unlike Biecheleria spp. and B. adriatica, A. granifera has grana-like thylakoids. Further, A. granifera lacks a nuclear fibrous connective, which is present in B. adriatica. B. adriatica and A. granifera also show a morphological difference in the shape of the margin of the cingulum. In A. granifera, the cingular margin formed a zigzag line, and in B. adriatica a straight line, especially on the dorsal side of the cell. The episome is conical with a round apex, whereas the hyposome is trapezoidal. Cells growing photosynthetically are $10.0-15.0{\mu}m$ long and $8.5-12.4{\mu}m$ wide. The cingulum is descending, the two ends displaced about its own width. Cells of A. granifera contain 5-8 peripheral chloroplasts, stalked pyrenoids, and a pusule system, but lack nuclear envelope chambers, a nuclear fibrous connective, lamellar body, rhizocysts, and a peduncle. The main accessory pigment is peridinin. The SSU, ITS regions, and D1-D3 LSU rDNA sequences differ by 1.2-7.4%, >8.8%, and >2.5%, respectively, from those of the other known genera in the order Suessiales. Moreover, the SSU rDNA sequence differed by 1-2% from that of the three most closely related species, Polarella glacialis, Pelagodinium bei, and Protodinium simplex. In addition, the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA sequence differed by 16-19% from that of the three most closely related species, Gymnodinium corii, Pr. simplex, and Pel. bei, and the LSU rDNA sequence differed by 3-4% from that of the three most closely related species, Protodinium sp. CCMP419, B. adriatica, and Gymnodinium sp. CCMP425. A. granifera had a 51-base pair fragment in domain D2 of the large subunit of ribosomal DNA, which is absent in the genus Biecheleria. In the phylogenetic tree based on the SSU and LSU sequences, A. granifera is located in the large clade of the family Suessiaceae, but it forms an independent clade.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2000

Temperature-dependent electroretinogram responses were investigated in the dark adapted bullfrog eyes within the physiological temperature range 0-40$\^{C}$. In hypothermic process(25→0→25$\^{C}$), the amplitude of b-and c-wave decreased with lowering the temperature again. Both b-wave amplitude and threshold responses were maximal around 15$\^{C}$ during the temperature increment. Upon warming to room temperature again (25$\^{C}$), the b-wave amplitude was approximately doubled as compared to that of control without temperature changes. During the hyperthermic process (25→40→25$\^{C}$), however, the responses decreased with warming, and the wave amplitude failed to recover by cooling to 25$\^{C}$ again. As describe above, the recoveries of ERG in both processes show the striking difference. The hypothermia induces the amplification of the b-wave, that is, enhances the retinal function with the temperature recovery toward room temperature. While the hypertherima produces the decrease of the b-wave even though recovered to room temperature, which indicates an irreversible retina. The morphological alteration is shown both hypothermic and hyperthermic process, such as an appearance of large vacuoles and degenerating outer segments, more intense in hyperthermia, similar to light induced damage.

• 한국토양동물학회지
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• 제11권1_2호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2006

Asthma and allergic rhinitis due to outdoor spider mites are major health problems worldwide. The sensitization route to spider mites has not yet been well elucidated. We examined the microstructure of faecal pellets and silk of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, using a field emission scanning electron microscope. Black and white pellets of the two-spotted spider mites faeces contain a large amount of plant pigment waste products. Black faecal pellets are strawberry-shaped. White faecal pellets are silken threads. These pellets are likely to be the source of allergens of relevant mites because desiccated faeces particles probably disintegrate and become incorporated into dust particles more readily than whole bodies or encased internal organs. We conclude that the importance of spider mites in respiratory allergy needs emphasis.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.337-341
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• 2002

옥수수배아, 소맥배아, 탈피땅콩, 겨 자. 후추를 조분쇄하여 직화법으로 볶은 다음 옥수수기름과 혼합하고 열처리하여 향미유 원액을 얻었다. 이 원액과 옥수수기름을 혼합하고 여기에 유용성 천연색소 추출물과 O.R.Paprika를 처리하여 참기름 고유의 외관과 향미가 유사한 대체 향미유를 개발하였다. 이리 이화학적 특성을 참기름과 직접 비교해 본 결과 유리지방산 함량은 약 1/14 수준이었으며, 기타 항목에서는 거의 유사한 결과를 나타내었다. 이 향미유를 이용한 조리실험 결과 갈비절임, 볶음, 튀김, 김구이 및 약과튀김 등에서 우수한 특성을 보여 참기름 대체용으로의 기능이 충분한 것으로 확인되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1925-1930
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• 2019

Carotenoids are organic pigments with antioxidant properties and are widespread in nature. Here, we isolated five microbes, each forming yellow-colored colonies and harboring C₃₀ carotenoid biosynthetic genes (crtM and crtN). Thereafter, Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum KCCP11226, which showed the highest carotenoid production, was finally selected and the produced pigment was identified as C₃₀ carotenoid 4,4'-diaponeurosporene. This strain exhibited the highest survival rate under oxidative stress and its carotenoid production was also enhanced after exposure to 7 mM H₂O₂. Moreover, it showed the highest ability to scavenge DPPH free radical. Our results suggested that L. plantarum subsp. plantarum KCCP11226, which produces 4,4'-diaponeurosporene as a natural antioxidant, may be a functional probiotic.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.81-85
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• 2018

In this study, the chemical composition of bacterial melanin isolated from the Streptomyces glaucescens strain was elucidated by ultra-high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry. Ultra-high-resolution mass profiles of the microbial melanin product were acquired using a 15 Tesla FT-ICR mass spectrometer in positive and negative ion modes via electrospray ionization to obtain more complete descriptions of the molecular compositions of melanin-derived organic constituents. A mass resolving power of 500,000 (at m/z 400) was achieved for all spectra while collecting 400 scans per sample with a 4 M transient. The results of this analysis revealed that the melanin pigment isolated from S. glaucescens predominantly exhibits CHON and CHO species, which belong to the proteins class of compounds, with the mean C/O and C/N ratios of 4.3 and 13.1, thus suggesting that the melanin could be eumelanin. This analytical approach could be utilized to investigate the molecular compositions of a variety of natural or synthetic melanins. The compositional features of melanins are important for understanding their formation mechanisms and physico-chemical properties.