• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.17-26
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• 1999

We present the first speech coarticulation database of Korean, English and Konglish/sup 3)/ named "SORIDA"/sup 4)/, which is designed to cover the maximum number of representations of coarticulation in these languages [1]. SORIDA features a compact database which is designed to contain a maximum number of triphones in a minimum number of prompts. SORIDA contains all consonantal triphones and vowel allophones in 682 Korean prompts of word length and in 717 English prompt words, spoken five times by speakers of balanced genders, dialects and ages. Korean prompts are synthesized lexicons which maximize their coarticulation variation disregarding any stress phenomena, while English prompts are natural words that fully reflect their stress effects with respect to the coarticulation variation. The prompts are designed differently because English phonology has stress while Korean does not. An intermediate language, Konglish has also been modeled by two Korean speakers reading 717 English prompt words. Recording was done in a controlled laboratory environment with an AKG Model C-100 microphone and a Fostex D-5 digital-audio-tape (DAT) recorder. The total recording time lasted four hours. SORIDA CD-ROM is available in one disk of 22.05 kHz sampling rate with a 16 bit sample size. SORIDA digital audio-tapes are available in four 124-minute-tapes of 48 kHz sampling rate. SORIDA′s list of phonetically-rich-words is also available in English and Korean.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.115-126
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• 2016

Today the Olympics are considered representative of a culture that symbolizes the country's image and cultural specificity, and important colors act as effective means of Olympics marketing. Each color is unique to the natural environment and cultural heritage is one of the languages of each country, region or community and it symbolizes. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine the color and to view the color image displayed on Olympic uniforms based on the national color sensibility. After analyzing the color image of the Olympic athletes, including six kinds of uniforms and operational personnel, a cool casual/casual image is created more frequently, followed by a modern, gorgeous, dynamic, elegant/chic, dandy/classic image. The uniform color is consistent with the national image and the theme of the Pyeongchang Olympics is to enhance the country's competitiveness by widely promoting the national image of Korea around the world. Furthermore, it is necessary to provide the empirical basis for creating the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympic uniforms.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.143-155
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• 2018

The article compares economic and environmental performance of Taipei and Almaty from the point of view of "green" economy, which is able to act as a key tool to ensure sustainable development of the region. As the comparison of the parameters of ecological and economic development of the Taipei and Almaty cities shows, they are similar in population size, but demonstrate completely different trends of sustainable development. Economic performance of the Taipei city is achieved with a decrease in the consumption of natural resources and the production of pollution, while the situation in Almaty is the opposite. Almaty maintains a high level of air pollution due to the use of coal in electricity production, as well as increased traffic and density of construction, including the southern part of the city, which is a zone for the transit of mountain air flows. The article discusses the activities jointly conducted by the Government of Taiwan and non-governmental organizations on environmental issues, as well as environmental NGOs, which resulted in significant improvements in the environmental field. Measures to stimulate the development and implementation of environmental innovations applied in the field of sustainable development in the city of Taipei can be adapted for the city of Almaty, where the environmental situation deteriorates year by year.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.212-218
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• 2011

The curriculum of programming education including algorithm has been recognized as a very important subject to many students majoring in natural sciences and engineering including electronic engineering and computer related departments. This study analyzed usability of the learning system of programming languages using basic algorithms so as for students to easily learn basic algorithm among the entire programming curriculum. The results show that the grade of learning achievement of experimental group using the learning system is 15 points higher than that of non-experimental group and the grade of interest, concentration, effectiveness, understanding, convenience, suitability, and attending a lecture in the next semester are 4 points or more of 5 points criterion.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2004

University teachers of linear algebra often feel annoyed and disarmed when faced with the inability of their students to cope with concepts that they consider to be very simple. Usually, they lay the blame on the impossibility for the students to use geometrical intuition or the lack of practice in basic logic and set theory. J.-L. Dorier [(2002): Teaching Linear Algebra at University. In: T. Li (Ed.), Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians (Beijing: August 20-28, 2002), Vol. III: Invited Lectures (pp. 875-884). Beijing: Higher Education Press] mentioned that the situation could not be improved substantially with the teaching of Cartesian geometry or/and logic and set theory prior to the linear algebra. In East Asian countries, science-orientated mathematics curricula of the high schools consist of calculus with many other materials. To understand differential and integral calculus efficiently or for other reasons, students have to learn a lot of content (and concepts) in linear algebra, such as ordered pairs, n-tuple numbers, planar and spatial coordinates, vectors, polynomials, matrices, etc., from an early age. The content of linear algebra is spread out from grades 7 to 12. When the high school teachers teach the content of linear algebra, however, they do not concern much about the concepts of content. With small effort, teachers can help the students to build concepts of vocabularies and languages of linear algebra.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.5 s.58
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• pp.833-843
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristic of logomark in unisex casual apparel brand. For this study, first 36 unisex casual apparel brands were selected from the Dictionary of Fashion Brand, second analyzed the common word showing in them. Third, the logomark of the unisex casual apparel brand were classified into two types according to the typeface character of the logomark, there were serif typeface, sans-serif typeface. Fourth, analyzed the relationship between the typeface image of logomark and brand concept. The results of the study were following : First, the common word that used the most frequently in brand concept were investigated and the order of common word was reasonable, comfort or natural, practical, modern, traditional and basic. Second, The unisex casual apparel brand used the most frequently the sans-serif typeface that represents the images of simple, modern and active sense in the typeface of logomark. Third, the unisex apparel brands used the most frequently English as brand name among the various languages. Fourth, the unisex casual apparel brands were lanuched mostly except several of them after 1990.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.8B no.6
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• pp.675-684
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• 2001

This paper describes a method for stemming of Korean language by using unsupervised learning from raw corpus. This technique does not require a lexicon or any language-specific knowledge. Since we use unsupervised learning, the time and effort required for learning is negligible. Unlike heuristic approaches that are theoretically ungrounded, this method is based on widely accepted statistical methods, and therefore can be easily extended. The method is currently applied only to Korean language, but it can easily be adapted to other agglutinative languages, since it is not language-dependent.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.187-194
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• 2015

Various linguistic knowledge resources are required in order that machine can understand diverse variation in natural languages. This paper aims to devise an automatic construction method of linguistic resources by reflecting characteristics of online contents toward continuous expansion. Especially we focused to build NE(Named-Entity) dictionary because the applicability of NEs is very high in linguistic analysis processes. Based on the investigation on Korean Wikipedia, we suggested an efficient construction method of NE dictionary using the syntactic patterns and structural features such as metadatas.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.299-312
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• 2021

It is necessary to achieve high performance in the task of zero anaphora resolution (ZAR) for completely understanding the texts in Korean, Japanese, Chinese, and various other languages. Deep-learning-based models are being employed for building ZAR systems, owing to the success of deep learning in the recent years. However, the objective of building a high-quality ZAR system is far from being achieved even using these models. To enhance the current ZAR techniques, we fine-tuned a pretrained bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT). Notably, BERT is a general language representation model that enables systems to utilize deep bidirectional contextual information in a natural language text. It extensively exploits the attention mechanism based upon the sequence-transduction model Transformer. In our model, classification is simultaneously performed for all the words in the input word sequence to decide whether each word can be an antecedent. We seek end-to-end learning by disallowing any use of hand-crafted or dependency-parsing features. Experimental results show that compared with other models, our approach can significantly improve the performance of ZAR.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.25
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• pp.597-626
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• 2011

Civil college is a public educational institute for theoretical and practical learning. This study examines the social context behind France's civil college and how it is being operated. Many studies have been conducted in Korea to examine Germany in terms of lifelong learning or adult learning, but there is almost no study on France. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the history and operation of civil college, the "college outside college," in France and what Korea should learn from it. The civil college of France can be discussed in two contexts: first, it is AUPF, which stands for the French association of civil colleges, and it was mostly influenced by Northern Europe and Germany. Second, it is Caen Civil College, which was established by M. Onfray based his philosophical collaboration. The European civil college opened almost 1,000 courses in 2010-2011 for a variety of subjects, including Foreign Languages, Mother Tongue, the Dialects of Alsace, Philosophy, Cosmology, History, Art History, Psychology, Sociology, Astronomy, Botany, and Natural Science. Courses in Fine Arts include drawing, painting, sculpture, photography, music, and theater. For another form of civil college, Philosopher M. Onfray has been operating Caen Civil College since 2002 for general education and cultural education. It is not acknowledged by conventional philosophers, but it is contributing to the popularization of philosophy. In conclusion, the civil college in France has brought in-depth philosophical discussions out of the lecture rooms in an effort to popularize learning, making lifelong learning more accessible to the general public.