• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.401-414
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• 2023

Organic clays are ideal habitat for flora and fauna. From a geotechnical perspective, organic clays are soft, weak, variable, heterogeneous and flocculated. Portland cement is a universally common stabiliser. However, some organic acids in soil inhibit full hydration and expose cementation products to rapid dissolution. This paper investigates scopes for use of C₃S cement to enable durable cementation. Prospects of using PP fibre alongside with C₃S cement, scopes for partial replacement of C₃S cement with a plant-based nanosilica and evolution of binders are then investigated. Binding mixtures here mimic the natural functions of rhizoliths, amorphous phases, and calcites. Testing sample population include natural and fibre-reinforced clays, compact mixes of clay - C₃S cement, clay - nanobiosilica, and clay, C₃S cement and nanobiosilica. Benefits and constraints of C₃S cement and fibres for retaining the naturally flocculated structure of organic clays are discussed. Nanobiosilica provides an opportunity to cut the C₃S content, and to transition of highly compressive organic clays into an engineered, open-structured medium with >0.5 MPa compressive strength across the strains spanning from peak to 1.5-times peak.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2011

In order to estimate the viscous effects of clay over a wide range of strain levels, we confirmed the performance of a viscoelastic-viscoplastic constitutive model by simulating cyclic undrained triaxial tests to determine the cyclic strength and deformation characteristics of natural marine clay. The viscoelastic-viscoplastic constitutive model was then incorporated into an effective stress-based seismic response analysis to estimate the effects of an intermediate clay layer on the behavior of sand layers. Seismic response was simulated by the cyclic viscoelastic-viscoplastic constitutive model created with data recorded at Rokko Island, Kobe, Japan. The results show that a cyclic viscoelastic-viscoplastic constitutive model can provide a good description of dynamic behavior including viscoelastic effects, within a small strain range.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.505-516
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• 2020

In recent years, Nano-technology significantly invaded the field of Geotechnical engineering, particularly in soil stabilisation techniques. Stabilisation of weak soil is envisioned to modify various soil characteristics by the addition of natural or synthetic materials into the virgin soil. In the present study, laboratory experiments were executed to investigate the influence of nano-silica particles in the consistency limits, compressive strength of the soft clay blended with cement. The results revealed that the high compressibility behaviour of soft clay modified to medium-stiff condition with fewer dosages of cement and nano-silica. The mechanism behind the strength development is verified with the previous researches as well as from Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction test (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. Based on the results, the presence of nano-silica in soft clay blended with cement has a positive effect on the behaviour of soil. This technique proves to be very economical and less detrimental to the environment.

• 공업화학
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.252-257
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 PMMA와 SMA의 블렌드에 몬모릴로나이트(PM) 또는 유기화제로 개질된 clay (Cloisite 25A 또는 15A)를 첨가하여 PMMA/SMA/clay 나노복합재료를 제조하였다. 이 나노복합재료에서 clay가 블렌드의 상용성에 주는 영향에 대해 SMA 중의 MA의 함량을 변화시키며 연구하였다. 나노복합재료 제조 시 용매로는 MEK와 chloroform을 이용하여 용매가 주는 영향에 대해서도 조사하였다. DSC 측정을 이용하여 유리전이온도와 유리전이온도의 폭을 분석한 결과 clay의 첨가로 인해 PMMA/SMA 블렌드의 상용성이 향상되는 것을 확인하였으며 특히 15A가 가장 상용성 증진에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과는 MA의 함량을 7, 14, 32, 43%로 변화시킨 모든 SMA의 경우에 대해 동일하였다. XRD와 TEM을 이용하여 고분자 내에서의 clay의 분산 상태를 관찰하였는데 역시 15A를 포함하는 나노복합재료에서 clay가 가장 효과적으로 분산되어 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2011

압축지수는 점토의 압축특성을 나타내는 대표적인 물성치로, 압밀시험을 통해 직접 결정하거나 기본 물성으로부터 경험적으로 추정한다. 본 연구에서는 부산 및 인천점토의 퇴적상태를 파악하고 이것이 압축지수 추정식에 미치는 영향에 분석하였다. 이를 위해 부산 및 인천 점토의 재성형점토 압밀시험을 수행하고 자연점토 압밀시험 결과를 분석하였다. 분석결과 부산점토는 SCL보다 높은 간극지수를, 인천점토는 SCL보다 낮은 간극지수를 나타냈다. 퇴적상태를 나타내는 ${\Delta}e_r$을 압축지수 추정오차와 비교한 결과 액성한계 및 소성지수로 추정한 압축지수의 추정오차는 ${\Delta}e_r$이 증가함에 따라 감소하는 경향이 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 관계를 이용하여 부산 및 인천점토의 압축지수를 보다 정확히 추정할 수 있는 방법을 제안하였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.261-268
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• 2014

Four clays (both natural and commercial types) mainly used in Korea were tested for removal efficiency of Microcystis spp. and ecotoxicity on Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri. Four clays (clay A~D) were composed of 91.9~100% of sand (0.02~0.2 mm in particle size). Clay D consisted of lager particles than other clays. Major elements of the four clays were $SiO_2$ (45.3~62.8%), $Al_2O_3$ (18.5~29.7%) and $Fe_2O_3$ (5.4~7.9%). They contained kaolinite (clay mineral), quartz, muscovite, and so on. Clay C and D contained montmorillonite, one of the clay minerals improving clay-cell aggregation. For clay A, B and C, removal efficiency of Microcystis spp. was over 60% at 2 g/L. It reached about 100% at over 5 g/L. For clay D, it was over 60% and 95~100% at 5 g/L and 20 g/L respectively. After adding clays, pH decreased. The greatest drop of pH appeared at clay C. Except for addition of 100 g/L clay C, ecotoxicity on D. magna and V. fischeri didn't appeared at all dose of clays.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.265-274
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• 2019

To trace the provenance of fine-grained sediments in response to the growth and retreat of glaciers (i.e., Ross Ice Sheet) that affects the depositional process, various kinds of analyses including magnetic susceptibility, granulometry, and clay mineral composition with AMS ¹⁴C age dating were carried out using a gravity core KI-13-GC2 obtained from the Central Basin of the Ross Sea continental margin. The sediments mostly consist of silty mud to sand with ice-rafted debris, the sediment colors alternate repeatedly between light brown and gray, and the sedimentary structures are almost bioturbated with some faint laminations. Among the fine-grained clay mineral compositions, illite is highest (59.1-76.2%), followed by chlorite (12.4-21.4%), kaolinite (4.1-11.6%), and smectite (1.2-22.6%). Illite and chlorite originated from the Transantarctic mountains (metamorphic rocks and granitic rocks) situated to the south of the Ross Sea. Kaolinite might be supplied from the sedimentary rocks of Antarctic continent underneath the ice sheet. The provenance of smectite was considered as McMurdo volcanic group around the Victoria Land in the western part of the Ross Sea. Chlorite content was higher and smectite content was lower during the glacial periods, although illite and kaolinite contents are almost consistent between the glacial and interglacial periods. The glacial increase of chlorite content may be due to more supply of the reworked continental shelf sediments deposited during the interglacial periods to the Central Basin. On the contrary, the glacial decrease of smectite content may be attributed to less transport from the McMurdo volcanic group to the Central Basin due to the advanced ice sheet. Although the source areas of the clay minerals in the Central Basin have not changed significantly between the interglacial and glacial periods, the transport pathways and delivery mechanism of the clay minerals were different between the glacial and interglacial periods in response to the growth and retreat of Ross Ice Sheet in the Ross Sea.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.281-294
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• 2012

Filtration using granular media such as quarried sand, anthracite and granular activated carbon is a well-known technique used in both water and wastewater treatment. A relatively new pre-filtration method called pebble matrix filtration (PMF) technology has been proved effective in treating high turbidity water during heavy rain periods that occur in many parts of the world. Sand and pebbles are the principal filter media used in PMF laboratory and pilot field trials conducted in the UK, Papua New Guinea and Serbia. However during first full-scale trials at a water treatment plant in Sri Lanka in 2008, problems were encountered in sourcing the required uniform size and shape of pebbles due to cost, scarcity and Government regulations on pebble dredging. As an alternative to pebbles, hand-made clay pebbles (balls) were fired in a kiln and their performance evaluated for the sustainability of the PMF system. These clay balls within a filter bed are subjected to stresses due to self-weight and overburden, therefore, it is important that clay balls should be able to withstand these stresses in water saturated conditions. In this paper, experimentally determined physical properties including compression failure load (Uniaxial Compressive Strength) and tensile strength at failure (theoretical) of hand-made clay balls are described. Hand-made clay balls fired between the kiln temperatures of $875^{\circ}C$ to $960^{\circ}C$ gave failure loads of between 3.0 kN and 7.1 kN. In another test when clay balls were fired to $1250^{\circ}C$ the failure load was 35.0 kN compared to natural Scottish cobbles with an average failure load of 29.5 kN. The uniaxial compressive strength of clay balls obtained by experiment has been presented in terms of the tensile yield stress of clay balls. Based on the effective stress principle in soil mechanics, a method for the estimation of maximum theoretical load on clay balls used as filter media is proposed and compared with experimental failure loads.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.218-223
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• 2005

본 연구는 단층 파쇄대에 발달되어 있는 점토광물의 종류 및 함유량과 전기비저항의 관계를 밝히기 위해서 실제 암석대신 특별히 제작한 한천 공시체를 이용하여 점토광물의 함유량을 변화시키면서 전기비저항을 측정하고, 그 결과로부터 한천 공시체의 점토광물의 종류 및 함유량과 전기비저항과의 관계에 대해서 고찰하였다. 실험에 있어서 한천 공시체에 함유시킨 점토광물은 Kaolinite와 Montmorillonite의 두 종류이며, 동일 공시체를 이용하여 점토 함유량을 $0\~40\%$까지 조금씩 증가시키면서 전기비저항을 측정했다. 그 결과 공시체에 두 종류의 점토함유량이 증가할수록 전기비저항은 낮아지고 있으나, 같은 점토함유량에 있어서는 Kaolinite보다 Montmorillonite가 공시체의 전기비저항을 훨씬 저하시키고 있음을 알았다. 또한 공시체의 전기비저항과 점토함유량과의 상관성을 구한 결과 0.89로 높게 나타났으며, 측정결과를 이용하여 점토광물의 함유량과 전기비저항과의 관계식을 제안할 수 있었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.110-113
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of proposed permeable eobarrier system for removal of PCE from groundwater. The materials used for the natural geobarrier are gravel bean and silty clay. In addition, the effect of Pyeongtaek soil on PRB assessed in this experiments. It was observed that the adsorption of PCE in natural geobarrier system is eligible for real site. However, natural geobarrier system has various factors based on using materials. Therefore, more laboratory work is needed to study about permeable geobarrier.