• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.285-292
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• 2022

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) cause contagious diseases and have the potential to infect not only birds but also mammals. Wild birds are the natural reservoir of AIVs and spread them worldwide while migrating. Here we collected active AIV surveillance data from wild bird habitats during the 2019 to 2022 winter seasons (from September to March of the following year) in South Korea. We isolated 97 AIVs from a total of 7,590 fecal samples and found the yearly prevalence of AIVs was 0.83, 1.48, and 1.27, respectively. The prevalence of AIVs were generally higher from September to November. These findings demonstrate that a high number of wild birds that carry AIVs migrate into South Korea during the autumn season. The highest virus numbers were isolated from the species Anas platyrhynchos (72%; n=70), followed by Anas poecilorhyncha (15.4%; n=15), suggesting that each is an important host for these pathogens. Twenty-five hemagglutinin-neuraminidase subtypes were isolated, and all AIVs except the H5N8 subtype were found to be low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs). Active surveillance of AIVs in wild birds could benefit public health because it could help to estimate their risk for introduction into animals and humans. Moreover, considering that 132 cases of human AIV infections have been reported worldwide within the last 5 years, active surveillance of AIVs is necessary to avoid outbreaks.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.89-96
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• 2014

This study provides the basic resource for establishing the environment design policies around elementary school for the students and analyzes the actual pedestrian environment conditions of elementary school in order to improve safety of from crime for them. For this, the field survey are conducted on risk of from crime in 10 sidewalks of 5 elementary schoolin Ilsan new town. The result of this are the followings ;1) There are schools which have difference between the height of road and the height of pedestrian path. 2) There are schools which are insufficient distance for securing front sight because of shape of pedestrian path. 3) In entrance there are facilities interfering with natural surveillance within school boundaries such as stone written school motto, storehouse, wash room, doorpost. 4) In entrance there are schools with no security office, emergency bell and CCTV. 4) The openness in the bottom of fence is lower than that of upper because of shrubs and material of fence. 5) There are concealed places and cars in back gate area interfering with natural surveillance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.165.1-170
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• 1999

Object segmentation fro natural video scenes has recently become one of very active research to pics due to the object-based video coding standard MPEG-4. Object detection and isolation is also useful for object-based indexing and search of video content, which is a goal of the emerging new standard, MPEG-7. In this paper, an automatic segmentation method of moving objects in image sequence is presented which is applicable to multimedia content authoring for MPEG-4, and two different segmentation approaches suitable for surveillance applications are addressed in raw data domain and compressed bitstream domains. We also propose an object-based video description scheme based on object segmentation for video indexing purposes.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.25
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• pp.103-110
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• 2000

The material world around human is normally composed of opaque one, with which human has made the spaces. The opaque material to make space has played a role to control the relationship among people and has produced socio-cultural things since the history started. The opening of opaque material(wall) connects one space with the other. Therefore, the meaning of opening is a connection among people who are in different spaces in terms of sociology. In conjunction with this, socio-cultural situation has been deployed differently. In the traditional european domestic space, the glass has been applied to this opening since they found the glass. It disconnects two spaces physically but connects them visually. Therefore, without blocking the opening visually, the glass became to protect people with their interior space from outside environment. The important thing is that the application of the glass in a building had been restricted because of opening size. However, after Industrial Revolution with the advanced technology of architecture, the glass came to be applied to the building and it became widen. So, the concept of glass window became to be the one of glass wall. This change made a transformation of visual character between two spaces which are separated with glass wall. This means that the glass wall gave two directional visibility while the glass window gave one directional visibility from inside to outside of space. This is because the amount of the natural light to the interior space increased due to widen glass in a space. This gave a change of visual authority and the space of surveillance(interior space) became to the one of communication. The space of surveillance, Michel Foucault mentioned in his book surveillance and punishment, is a very private one that is not visually permeable from the people outside, while the space of communication is a public one which needs other eyes. In the space of publicity, there needs a rationality, morality and ethics because of public surveillance and in the space of privacy, there restores a desire for sex and assaults.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.45 no.9
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• pp.67-74
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• 2008

This paper proposes, designs and implements an architecture of a server involved with the network camera based video surveillance systems to solve common problems including lack of inter-network operability at the video information sharing, drawback of bandwidth and processing-overhead caused by increase of the number of users, and difficulty of continuous monitoring over changes of network configurations. The proposed saver was designed to manage and service numerous network cameras and users as well as solving the existing problems by providing video distribution facility. Through the empirical study after applying the implemented server to a real video surveillance system we proved that the server can provide reasonable service quality while it processes several hundreds of simultaneous user connections under persisting more than one hundred connections to network cameras. We expect the developed video distribution server to enhance service quality of the large scale video surveillance systems for citizen-wide services such as traffic reporting informatics or natural calamities supporting.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.165-171
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• 2018

Shadow is a physical phenomenon observed in natural scenes and has a negative effect on various image processing systems such as intelligent video surveillance, traffic surveillance and aerial imagery analysis. Therefore, shadow detection should be considered as a preprocessing process in all areas of computer vision. In this paper, we define and analyze various feature elements for shadow detection in a single natural image that does not require a reference image. The shadow elements describe the intensity, chromaticity, illuminant-invariant, color invariance, and entropy image, which indicate the uncertainty of the information. The results show that the chromaticity and illuminant-invariant images are effective for shadow detection. In the future, we will define a fusion map of various shadow feature elements, and continue to study shadow detection that can adapt to various lighting levels, and shadow removal using chromaticity and illuminance invariant images.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.787-794
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• 2018

The various natural disasters such as floods and localized heavy rains are increasing due to the global warming. If a natural disaster can be detected and analyzed in advance and more effectively, it can prevent enormous damage of natural disasters. Recent development in visual sensor technologies has encouraged various studies on monitoring environments including rivers. In this paper, we propose a method to detect water regions from river images which can be exploited for river surveillance systems using video sensor networks. In the proposed method, we first segment a river image finely using the minimum spanning tree algorithm. Then, the seed regions for the river region and the background region are set by using the preliminary information, and each seed region is expanded by merging similar regions to segment the water region from the image. Experimental results show that the proposed method separates the water region from a river image easier and accurately.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.150-151
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• 2003

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.240-246
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• 2012

Natural killer (NK) cells play a pivotal role in early surveillance against virus infection and cellular transformation, and are also implicated in the control of inflammatory response through their effector functions of direct lysis of target cells and cytokine secretion. NK cell activation toward target cell is determined by the net balance of signals transmitted from diverse activating and inhibitory receptors. A distinct feature of NK cell activation is that stimulation of resting NK cells with single activating receptor on its own cannot mount natural cytotoxicity. Instead, specific pairs of co-activation receptors are required to unleash NK cell activation via synergy- dependent mechanism. Because each co-activation receptor uses distinct signaling modules, NK cell synergy relies on the integration of such disparate signals. This explains why the study of the mechanism underlying NK cell synergy is important and necessary. Recent studies revealed that NK cell synergy depends on the integration of complementary signals converged at a critical checkpoint element but not on simple amplification of the individual signaling to overcome intrinsic activation threshold. This review focuses on the signaling events during NK cells activation and recent advances in the study of NK cell synergy.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 2024

The aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility of damage to cultural assets resulting from vibrations generated by construction vehicle traffic. The cultural heritage's natural vibration frequency was determined to be 150Hz by measurement. The damping ratios were calculated as 4.7% using the logarithmic decrement approach and 4.3% using the half-power method. The vibration measurements obtained during vehicle operation indicated that, despite an increase in vehicle velocity of up to 15 km/h, the vibrations remained below the detectable level of 0.13 mm/sec. When the road is curved and the terrain is sloped, a suitable speed for vehicle operation was found to be around 17 km/h, at which point vibrations were seen. The highest recorded vibration amplitude at this velocity was 0.217 mm/sec, which remains below the stringent regulation limit of 2 mm/sec. Thus, it can be concluded that there is no actual harm caused by vibrations.