• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.403-410
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• 2016

컴퓨터 게임은 다양한 학문 분야 융복합의 결과물로 컴퓨터 게임을 제작하기 위해서는 다방면의 지식과 경험을 필요로 한다. 본 연구에서는 게임 제작 교육의 시간과 비용 그리고 교육 난이도를 낮추어 보다 쉽게 게임 제작 프로젝트 과정을 수행하기 위하여 스크래치를 사용하는 게임 제작 과정을 보여준다. 스크래치를 사용하여 게임의 핵심 기능을 직접 만들어 보며 게임의 개발 과정과 제작 원리를 체험하도록 하였다. 그리하여 컴퓨터 게임의 제작 원리를 이해하고 제작과정에 필요한 프로그래밍과 멀티미디어의 기능을 보다 쉽고 재미있게 학습할 수 있도록 하였다. 교육이 끝난 이후 설문을 통하여 효과성을 검증하였다. 그 결과 스크래치를 사용한 게임 제작 원리의 학습은 게임의 구조를 이해하는데 도움을 주고 학습자의 흥미를 증진시키며 수업의 재미와 만족을 높여주는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 스크래치를 사용한 게임 제작 원리의 학습은 프로그래밍 과목의 학습에도 도움을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

• 인문언어
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• 제8집
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• pp.331-367
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• 2006

In this paper I attempted to investigate the matters related with the clarification of the close relationship between writing system and pronunciation. On the way of pursuing the research on the subject I found the fact that the same topic has been the main academic target in Korea. There have been some remarks about English alphabets and pronunciation. Nevertheless, the relation between alphabet codes and pronunciation tokens wasn't considered as the main key to master the English pronunciation correctly and completely. As the main target of this paper I argue that it is necessary to comprehend the connection. Then, we can recognize the significant role of alphabetic structure for understanding the gist of pronunciation exercise. This paper is classified into four parts. Each part consists of the material to affirm the fact that writing system should be the inevitable equivalent of sound system, and vice versa. In the first section I show that the development of the way of pronouncing English words is closely related with the endeavors of the scholars. While performing the survey of the studies about the alphabetic structure of the age many scholars found that the spelling construction was recorded without any common denominator. Thus, they not only sought to stage the bedrock for the standard written form of words but also to associate the alphabet letters with phonetic features. Secondly I mention the negative aspect of the 'only spelling based English pronunciation education' for the educational goal of 'Phonics methodology.' In this part I suggest the essentiality of phonemic properties with the phonetic prospect: phonemic awareness. Thirdly I refer to the standardization of the spelling system of English. As the realm of application of the language is extended toward the various professional areas such as commercial, scientific, and cultural spheres, it is quite natural to assume that the usage of the language will be transformed according to the areas in the world. Fourthly I introduce the first English-Korean grammar book with the section of 'the introduction to English pronunciation.' At the chapter the author explained the sound features of English based on the regulation of 'Scientific Alphabet' of U.S.A. In the transcribing system all the symbols were postulated on the basis of the English alphabet form instead of the separate phonetic signs of IPA.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2021

인간은 사회적인 동물로서, 대화로써 정보를 얻거나 사회적인 교류를 해왔다. 대화는 두 사람 이상의 작은 모임에서 서로 말을 편하게 주고받는 것으로, 한 사람이 다른 사람에게 가지는 감성에 따라 그 말의 분위기가 달라질 수 있다. 영화에서 인물들과 인물들이 펼치는 이야기는 중요한 요소로 작용하며, 인물들 간의 관계는 이야기와 인물 간의 대사를 이해하는데 꼭 필요하다. 그러나 이런 정보를 영화에서 자동으로 추출하는 방법은 아직까지 연구되지 않아서 관객들에게 제공되고 있지 못하고 있다. 따라서, 영화 속 양상을 자동으로 분석하는 모델이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 딥 러닝 기법을 활용하여 각 영화 등장 인물들 간의 감성을 측정하여 영화 속 인물들 간의 관계를 효과적으로 분석하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안 방법은 먼저 영화 대본으로부터 주요 인물들을 추출하고, 주요 인물들 간의 대화를 효과적으로 찾는다. 그런 다음, 주요 인물들 간의 관계를 분석하기 위하여, 감성 분석을 수행하여 전체 시간 간격 내 대사의 위치에 따라 가중치를 부여하고 점수를 수집한다. 또한, 실데이터를 이용한 실험을 통하여 제안 기법이 효과적으로 영화 등장 인물들 간의 감성을 분석할 수 있음을 보인다.

• 영어영문학
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.215-240
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• 2009

This paper focuses on how Younghill Kang internalizes whiteness ideology through interracial romance to build himself as an oriental Yankee and recover his masculinity in his autobiographical novel East Goes West. This paper also focuses on Kang's strategy of racial and cultural hybridity presented in this novel. The theoretical basis of my argument is a mixture of Fanon's psychoanalysis in his Black Skin, White Masks, Bhabha's notion of mimicry in The Location of Culture, and notions related to race and gender of some Asian critics such as Patricia Chu, Jinqi Ling, and Lisa Lowe. In East Goes West, white women appear as "ladder of success" of successful assimilation and serve as cultural mediators and instructors and sometimes adversaries who Korean male immigrants have to win to establish identities in which Americanness, ethnicity, and masculinity are integrated. However, three Korean men, Chungpa Han, To Wan Kim, George Jum, who fall in love with white women fail to win their beloveds in marriage. George Jum fails to sustain a white dancer, Jun' interest. Kim wins the affection of Helen Hancock, a New England lady, but Kim commits suicide when he knows Helen killed herself because her family doesn't approve their relationship. Han's love for Trip remains vague, but Kang implies Han will continue his quest for "the spiritual home" as the name of "Trip." In East Goes West, Kang also attempts to challenge the imagining of a pure, monolithic, and naturalized white dominant U.S. Culture by exploring the cultural and racial hybridity shown by June and the various scenes of Halem in the 1920s. June who works for a Harlem cabaret is a white woman but she wears dark makeup. Kang questions the white face of America's self-understanding and racial constitution of a unified white American culture through June's racial masquerade. Kang shows that like Asian and black Americans, the white American also has an ambivalent racial identity through June's black mimicry and there is no natural and unchanging essence behind one's gender and race identity constitution.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.1111-1120
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• 2022

Image Captioning은 이미지를 보고 이미지를 언어로 설명하는 문제이다. 해당 문제는 이미지 처리와 자연어 처리 두 가지의 분야를 하나로 묵고 이해하고 하나로 묶어 해결할 수 있는 중요한 문제이다. 또한, 이미지를 자동으로 인식하고 텍스트로 설명함으로써 시각 장애인을 위해 이미지를 텍스트로 변환 후 음성으로 변환하여 주변 환경을 이해하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있으며, 이미지 검색, 미술치료, 스포츠 경기 해설, 실시간 교통 정보 해설 등 많은 곳에 적용할 수 있는 중요한 문제이다. 지금까지의 이미지 캡션 구 방식은 이미지를 인식하고 텍스트화시키는 데에만 집중하고 있다. 하지만 실질적인 사용을 하기 위해 현실의 다양한 환경이 고려되어야 하며 뿐만 아니라 사용하고자 하는 목적에 맞는 이미지 설명을 할 수 있어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 범용적으로 사용 가능한 한국어 및 영어 이미지 캡션 모델과 이미지 캡션 목적에 맞는 텍스트 생성 기법을 제한한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.2470-2491
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• 2018

Web-scale open information extraction (Open IE) plays an important role in NLP tasks like acquiring common-sense knowledge, learning selectional preferences and automatic text understanding. A large number of Open IE approaches have been proposed in the last decade, and the majority of these approaches are based on supervised learning or dependency parsing. In this paper, we present a novel method for web scale open information extraction, which employs cosine distance based on Google word vector as the confidence score of the extraction. The proposed method is a purely unsupervised learning algorithm without requiring any hand-labeled training data or dependency parse features. We also present the mathematically rigorous proof for the new method with Bayes Inference and Artificial Neural Network theory. It turns out that the proposed algorithm is equivalent to Maximum Likelihood Estimation of the joint probability distribution over the elements of the candidate extraction. The proof itself also theoretically suggests a typical usage of word vector for other NLP tasks. Experiments show that the distance-based method leads to further improvements over the newly presented Open IE systems on three benchmark datasets, in terms of effectiveness and efficiency.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.638-645
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• 2002

컴퓨터 기반 교육의 잠재적인 이점은 개별화 교습이다. 그러나 컴퓨터를 기반으로 한 교습의 목표는 완전하게 실행될 수 없었다. 가장 큰 이유는 자연어 이해에 대한 제약과 내재된 많은 문제점이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 컴퓨터 기반 평가 길이를 적당히 조절함으로써 학습자의 학습능력을 평가할 수 있는 CAT(Computer-based Adaptive Testing)프로그램 개발은 가능하다. 평가를 위한 문항 수가 두드러지게 감소하면서 반면에 합격과 불합격 판정이 매우 정확하다. 본 논문에서는 SPRT(Sequential Probability Ratio Testing)방식을 이용한 평가시스템을 설계하고 구현하였다. 이 시스템은 개별화 수업을 위하여 다양한 멀티미디어 오브젝트를 지원하고 클라이언트/서버 환경과 학습자 피드백, 다중-SPRT 그리고 학습자 모델을 유지 관리한다. 아울러 문항의 독립성을 위하여 각 문항의 coefficient alpha 값을 측정하여 관리하는 기능을 지원한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.391-406
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• 2015

Social media have emerged as new communication channels between consumers and companies that generate a large volume of unstructured text data. This social media content, which contains consumers' opinions and interests, is recognized as valuable material from which businesses can mine useful information; consequently, many researchers have reported on opinion-mining frameworks, methods, techniques, and tools for business intelligence over various industries. These studies sometimes focused on how to use opinion mining in business fields or emphasized methods of analyzing content to achieve results that are more accurate. They also considered how to visualize the results to ensure easier understanding. However, we found that such approaches are often technically complex and insufficiently user-friendly to help with business decisions and planning. Therefore, in this study we attempt to formulate a more comprehensive and practical methodology to conduct social media opinion mining and apply our methodology to a case study of the oldest instant noodle product in Korea. We also present graphical tools and visualized outputs that include volume and sentiment graphs, time-series graphs, a topic word cloud, a heat map, and a valence tree map with a classification. Our resources are from public-domain social media content such as blogs, forum messages, and news articles that we analyze with natural language processing, statistics, and graphics packages in the freeware R project environment. We believe our methodology and visualization outputs can provide a practical and reliable guide for immediate use, not just in the food industry but other industries as well.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.14-18
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• 2006

The role of dialogue manager is to select proper actions based on observed environment and inferred user intention. This paper presents stochastic model for dialogue manager based on Markov decision process. To build a mixed initiative dialogue manager, we used accumulated user utterance, previous act of dialogue manager, and domain dependent knowledge as the input to the MDP. We also used dialogue corpus to train the automatically optimized policy of MDP with reinforcement learning algorithm. The states which have unique and intuitive actions were removed from the design of MDP by using the domain knowledge. The design of dialogue manager included the usage of natural language understanding and response generator to build short message based remote control of home networked appliances.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.109-112
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• 2006

This paper presents a dialogue interface using the dialogue management system as a method for controlling home appliances in Home Network Services. In order to realize this type of dialogue interface, we first investigated the user requirements for Home Network Services by analyzing the dialogues entered by users. Based on the analysis, we were able to extract 15 user intentions and 22 semantic components. In our study, example dialogues were collected from WOZ (Wizard-of-OZ) environment to implement a reasoning model for generating meaningful responses for example-based dialogue modeling technique. An overview of the Home Network Control System using proposed dialogue interface will be presented. Lastly, we will show that the Dialogue Management System trained with our collected dialogues behaves properly to achieve its task of controlling Home Network appliances by going through the steps of natural language understanding, response reasoning, response generation.