• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.112-118
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of the soundscape in a natural park and an urban park. The study sites were a natural park (Chiaksan Nationalpark) and an urban park (Rose Park) in Wonju City, Gangwon Province. Soundscape recording was conducted using Digital Recorder from April 2015 to January 2016. The analysis period was 8 days per season, with a total of 64 days (2 places). Analysis items were soundscape's daily cycle, soundscape type, and seasonal variation. According to the result of the daily cycle analysis of the soundscape, the natural park was dominated by the biophony in accordance with the cycle of the sun, and the airplane sound was observed in the daytime. Meanwhile, anthrophony was consistently produced in the urban park 24 hours a day. As a result of the detailed type analysis of the soundscape, the sources of biophony were classified into wild birds, mammals, insects and amphibians, and the sources of geophony were classified into rain and wind. The anthrophony was mostly airplane sound. In the urban park, wild birds appeared to most influence the biophonic sounds while rain and the wind were the most frequent sounds that contribute to geophony. The most influential components of anthrophony in the urban park were in the order of automobiles, people, music, construction, cleaning, and airplane sound. As a result of the seasonal difference analysis of the soundscape, it was statistically significant that the natural park shows higher biophony in spring, summer, and autumn compared to the urban park. Anthrophony in the urban park appeared to be higher than the natural park in all seasons. The significance of this study is that it is the first study to identify the characteristics of the soundscape of a natural park and an urban park emanating from different landscapes in South Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.179-184
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• 2004

The diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) was investigated in cultivated and natural fold sites or chungbuk, Korea. soils were collected from rhizosphere or Sorghum bicolor, Fagopyrum esculentum and Glycine max in cultivated sites, and of Miscanthus sinensis, Glycine soja and Lespedeza cuneata in natural sites. Total 20 species of Glomalean fungi were found in this study. Species richness, species diversity and density of AM fungi were significantly lower in the arable sites. While only AM fungal spores belong to Glomus and Acaulospora were found in arable fold sites, more diverse fungal spores including Gigasporaceae were found in natural grasslands. AM fungal spore composition did not significantly differ among crop plant species. Results suggest that the agricultural practices were significantly influenced on AM fungal community structures and mycorrhizal developments.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 1991

A phytosociological study was carried out at the Castanopsis-Machilus type forests in Cheju Island. As the result, it has become clear that the alliance Castanopsion sieboldii and Cleyero-Quercion salicinae classified into the order Ardisio-Castanopsietallia sieboldii and the class Camellietae japonicae are distributed in Cheju Island. The Castanopsion sieboldii include Quercus glauca communiy, Arisaemato ringentis-Persetum thunbergii, Castanopsis sieboldii-Machilus thunbergii community and Castanopsis sieboldii-Quercus glauca community. The Cleyero-Quercion salicinae contains Distylio-Quercetum salicinae.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.146-161
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics and images of costume colors in Korean Masque Drama. For this study, 242 color samples were selected by extracting digital color data by using the Eyedropper Tool of Photoshop 7.0. The RGB color data were transformed to HV/C and the attributes of color and tone were analyzed. Color images were analyzed with the IRI color image scale. As a result, neutral, red, purple blue, and yellow were found to be the most frequently used colors in the Korean Masque costumes. In the ton analysis, white tone showed high frequency and next orders were dp, s, v, b, sf. In the hue & tone, the most frequent color was white, followed by R(v), PB(dp), R(dp), YR(s), GY(s) and mGY. Color images were focused on dynamic, gorgeous, and natural images.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.198-209
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• 2021

Xuan Thuy and Con Dao are natural Ramsar sites in Vietnam with different ecosystems, geography and topography. Avian fauna in these two Ramsar sites were recorded over a 2-year period from 2018 to 2019. A total of 234 bird species belonging to 57 families and 16 orders were confirmed in Xuan Thuy, while only 71 species involving 32 families and 12 orders were found in Con Dao. In total, 25 endangered species have been found in these two national parks based on the IUCN Red List. The Spoon-billed Sandpiper and Baer's Pochard are the most endangered species ranked as Critically Endangered, whereas Nicobar pigeon, which is endemic to Con Dao, is the only endangered bird species here. This study provides the list of bird species of international importance identified in these two wetlands.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.337-342
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• 2006

The total monoterpenoid content of the pine litter layer and the availability of these compounds as inhibitors/stimulators on Polysphondylium violaceum of cellular slime molds were investigated. In order to determine the several monoterpenoids in the natural environment, we examined their concentrations in fresh, senescent, and decaying needles from 3 pine species (Pinus densiflora, P. thunbergii, P. rigida) by litter bag method. Total monoterpenoid content was highest in the fresh needles, but also remained relatively high in senescent needles. The effect of monoterpenoids identified from Pinus plants on the growth of P. violaceum was studied. We tested four concentrations (1, 0.1, 0.01, and $0.001\;{\mu}g/{\mu}L$) of each compound by using a disk volatilization technique. Each compound was treated after germination of spores of P. violaceum. All of the compounds at $1\;{\mu}g/{\mu}L$ concentration had a very strong inhibitory effect on cell growth of P. violaceum. Fenchone at all concentrations, myrcene, verbenone, bornyl acetate, and limonene at low concentrations stimulated the growth of P. violaceum. These results suggest that inhibitory or enhancing effects of selected monoterpenoids depend upon the concentration of the individual compound.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1078-1089
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• 2017

Biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus is one of its mechanisms of drug resistance. Anti-biofilm screening of 106 compounds from marine-derived fungi displayed that 12 compounds inhibited S. aureus biofilm formation by >50% at the concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$, and only secalonic acid D (SAD) and B inhibited by >90% at $6.25{\mu}g/ml$ without inhibiting cell growth after 24-h incubation. Meanwhile, it was found that the double bond between C-1 and C-10 of citrinin derivatives and the C-C connection position of two chromone monomers may be important for their anti-biofilm activities. Moreover, SAD slightly facilitated biofilm eradication and influenced its architecture. Furthermore, SAD slowed the cell growth rate in the preceding 18-h incubation and differentially regulated transcriptional expression of several genes, such as agr, isaA, icaA, and icaD, associated with biofilm formation in planktonic and biofilm cells, which may be the reason for the anti-biofilm activity of SAD. Finally, SAD acted synergistically against S. aureus growth and biofilm formation with other antibiotics. These findings indicated that various natural products from marine-derived fungi, such as SAD, could be used as a potential biofilm inhibitor against S. aureus.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.116-128
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• 2008

Vegetation structure of Jangtaesan Natural Recreation Forest in Daejeon City was investigated to suggest a preferable management plan. Vegetation survey was carried out with thirty plots. Adopting phytosociological method, plant communities were classified into twinfolds of natural and afforested area. A natural forest were composed of Quercus mongolica, Quercus variabilis, and Pinus densiflora community. Afforested area were with Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Larix leptolepis, Pinus koraiensis, and Castanea crenata community. The importance value of Quercus mongolica, Quercus variabilis, Pinus densiflora, and Quercus serrata in natural forest were 59.69%, 48.32%, 39.10%, 21.53%, respectively. According to diameter of breast hieght analysis results, it is expected that the occupancy of Quercus mongolica, Pinus densiflora, and Quercus variabilis would be continuously increased. Based on the findings of the study, management plan for natural forest and afforested area was recommended in line with the progress of natural ecology.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.28-37
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• 2010

This study is intend to evaluate natural conservation value, and to suggest natural park plan based on conservation value evaluation. In this study evaluation items are selected through related studies about ecological conservation evaluation, and evaluation items in this study can be classified into 2 aspects, ecological environment and topographic environment. After each evaluation items are overlaid with GIS program, management levels are derived from comprehensive overlaid maps of each evaluation items. Management areas can be classified into 5 levels; Critical Conservation Area, Conservation Area, Restoration Area, Passive Usable Area, Active Development Area and Settlement Area. So management areas can be matched each management levels to land use of natural park, that is district of preservation, district of natural environment, district of settlements and district of mass facilities. This study have good enough to evaluate ecological value for natural park plan, but, it is difficult to evaluate conservation value only with maps of each evaluation items, so it needs supplementary field survey for precise conservation value evaluation.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.708-714
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• 2023

This study reports a new record of freshwater fish Macrognathus aral (Bloch & Schneider) from Aiechu-Kalikhola tributary of the Maukhola river in Sarpang, Bhutan. The species was found in shoal of the tributary and was identified using its morphometric characters. It can be identified and distinguished from its congeners reported in Bhutan by dorsal fin rays XIX, 47, anal fin rays III, 52, rostral plates 28, pectoral fin rays 19, caudal fin rays 15, soft rayed part of dorsal and anal fin separated by a notch from rounded caudal fin, and presence of four ocelli at the base of dorsal fins. Further studies are needed to better understand its distribution, ecology, and population dynamics in the country. A key to species belonging to Mastacembelidae of Bhutan including the new record is provided.