• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.146-151
• /
• 2008

불용성 ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan의 물에 대한 수용성과 젤 형성능을 향상시키기 위해 회분식 혹은 반연속식 반응과 촉매로서 NaBr 첨가 및 무첨가 조건을 연구하였다. NaBr 무첨가 반응의 경우 회분식 및 반연속식에서 NaBr 첨가반응에 비해 반응종결시간이 각각 100, 150%씩 늦어졌으나 물에 대한 용해도, 젤 형성능 등의 이화학적 성질은 NaBr 첨가 조건과 동일하게 향상 되었다. 반응시간의 차이는 나타나지만 회분식 반응에서 NaBr 첨가 여부에 관계없이 0.5 N NaOH 20 mL를 소비하여 ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan의 특이적 산화 전환의 이론적 수준인 100% 수율을 보였으나 회수된 산화물은 NaBr 무첨가 반응의 수율이 NaBr 첨가 반응보다 약 7-8% 낮았다. 높은 산화수율을 보인 ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan의 반연속식 공정 연구를 통해 산화반응물의 대량 생산이 가능하여 천연 소재, 기능성식품, 음료 및 주류 등의 산업에 널리 응용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 특히 NaBr을 첨가하지 않고서도 특이적인 산화반응을 유도함으로써 안전성이 확보된 산화 ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan을 생산할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 환경생물
• /
• 제41권2호
• /
• pp.138-144
• /
• 2023

전 세계 주요 생물군의 생물다양성 저하의 주요 요인은 외래종의 침입이다. 국내종의 보호를 위해서 외래종의 관리가 필요한 실정이며, 최근 들어 국내에서 생태계교란 외래종의 퇴치를 위해 그물을 이용한 개체 포획, 포획된 개체들에 대한 수매 사업 등 많은 노력을 기울이고 있으며, 외래종 거북의 개체수를 줄이기 위해 산란된 알을 집중적으로 찾아서 폐기하고 있다. 그러나 현재 남생이(Mauremys reevesii)와 생태계교란 민물거북의 산란지 형태나 알의 외형적 특징으로 종을 구분하는 기준은 제시된 바 없기에, 외래종 거북의 퇴치 과정에 외래종 거북의 알로 오인되어 폐기되는 남생이 알이 발생할 가능성을 배제할 수 없다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 보다 많은 자료들을 바탕으로 붉은귀거북(Trachemys scripta elegans)과 리버쿠터(Pseudemys concinna), 남생이 간 알의 외형적 차이를 비교·분석하여 외래종 거북의 현장 퇴치 과정에 참고자료로 활용하고자 한다. 본 연구는 민물거북 3종의 알 특징을 측정하였다. 비교 결과 외래 거북과 남생이 알의 외형적 특성에서 모든 변수가 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 알의 모양 또한 붉은귀거북과 리버쿠터는 마름모형(Bicone), 남생이는 타원형(Ellipsoid)으로 차이를 보였다. 결론적으로, 선행 연구와 본 연구의 결과를 통하여 확인된 바와 같이 남생이와 붉은귀거북, 리버쿠터의 알은 모양과 구성 모두 다르기 때문에 현장에서 민물거북의 산란지를 발견할 경우 알을 이용하여 남생이와 외래거북의 구분이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.31-44
• /
• 2024

The coastal dune ecosystem is one of the ecosystems under the most development pressure in Korea. Therefore, it is necessary to study the ecological location and related ecological phenomena of coastal dune plants, but related studies are lacking. Through this study, we intend to conduct research on the structure and restoration of dune plants, focusing on the coastal dunes in Jeju Island, which are affected by artificial development pressure and the continuous increase in tourists among many coastal dunes in Korea. Ecosystems of coastal sand dunes for vegetation survey in Jeju Island are selected based on naturalness and preservation. In this study, 23 major coastal dunes on Jeju Island including Udo were selected. In the coastal dunes of Jeju Island, a whole species survey and quadrat survey were carried out. The vegetation survey at study sites were conducted on May to September 2022, when the vegetation is clearly visible. At the survey site, the dune area was identified at the beginning and the plant species were recorded until no more new species appeared. Vegetation survey in the field was performed by 103 quadrat establishments and was conducted using Braun-Blanquet method. A total of 277 species appeared, and the most common species were Vitex rotundifolia and Calystegia soldanella. The frequency of both Vitex rotundifolia and Calystegia soldanella was approximately over 90%. The proportion of woody and herbaceous in all emerging species was 7.2% and 92.8%, respectively. The total number of species found in the quadrat survey was 98. As a result of classifying plant communities based on species dominance in the quadrats, it was analyzed into 30 plant communities. The plant communities that appeared with a frequency of 2 or more on the main island of Jeju were Vitex rotundifolia, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii, Ischaemum antephoroides, Wedelia prostrata, Elymus mollis, Calystegia soldanella, Artemisia scoparia, and Tetragonia tetragonoides. The DCCA(detrended canonical correspondence analysis) based on the vegetation and environment factor matrix showed that the height and covers of the dominant plant species explain significantly the variation and distribution of coastal sand dune species on Jeju island. Thus, we may propose a plan to restore the coastal dunes of Jeju island as helping colonization and establishment of mainly sand dune native perennials and trees, preserving native plant communities that are declining and preserving present tree strips of Pinus thunbergii, Litsea japonica, Pittosporum tobira and Vitex rotundifolia.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.140-145
• /
• 2008

Expression of olive flounder hepcidin I (HepI) fused with truncated OmpA signal peptides ($OmpASP_{tr}$) as directional signals does not produce soluble fusion proteins. However, by inserting amino acid segments (xxx) varying in pI and hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity into a leader sequence containing a truncated OmpASP ($OmpASP_{tr}$) and a factor Xa cleavage site (Xa) [$OmpASP_{tr}{\mid}(xxx){\mid}Xa$], we were able in some cases to express soluble recombinant HepI. Soluble expression of the recombinant protein strongly correlated with (xxx) insertions of high pI and hydrophilicity. Therefore, we modified the $OmpASP_{tr}{\mid}(xxx){\mid}Xa$ sequence by inserting Arg and Lys into (xxx) to increase the hydrophilicity of the signal peptide region. These modifications enhanced the expression of soluble recombinant HepI. Hydropathic profile analysis of the $OmpASP_{tr}{\mid}(xxx){\mid}Xa$ HepI fusion proteins revealed that the transmembrane-like domains derived from the $OmpASP_{tr}{\mid}(xxx){\mid}Xa$ sequence were larger than the internal positively charged domain native to HepI. It should therefore be possible to overcome the obstacle of internal positively charged domains to obtain soluble expression of recombinant proteins by monitoring the hydrophilicity and hydropathic profile of the signal peptide region using a computer program.

• 영어어문교육
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.259-281
• /
• 2009

The ICELT(In-Service Certificate in English Language Teaching) is a highly practical course-based English teacher education program which integrates classroom teaching and off-site teacher training. This case study analyzes the three-year implementation of the ICELT program in Korea and discusses its effects and the implications for improving the inservice English teacher education system. It has been found that the course participants were satisfied with the quality of its execution, thinking that it contributed to their professional development in the areas of teaching practice, methodology and language competence. The study has identified several success factors as shared program goals among the course participants, including systematic selection of course participants, well-qualified tutors and the proper provision of resources including syllabus, teaching materials and course assessment system. Nonetheless, it has been suggested that attention needs to be paid to generalized application of the ICELT for English teacher education due to the limitations such as the heavy workload caused by the program, lack of course participants' collaboration with other teachers at their schools and tutors' poor understanding of the Korean education context. Bearing this in mind, the implications for improving the inservice English teacher education system in Korea have been discussed. Finally, further studies have been suggested, which are concerned with in-depth investigation in exploring the division of roles between native English speaking tutors and Korean ones and the impact of the program on the sustainability of course participants' professional development and the impact on schools.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제26권11호
• /
• pp.1728-1734
• /
• 2005

The interactions of Cu(II)-meso-Tetrakis(n-N-methylpyridiniumyl)porphyrin (n = 2,3,4), respectively referred to as o-, m- and p-CuTMPyP, and DNA, poly$[d(A-T)_2]$ and poly$[d(G-C)_2]$ were investigated by circular and linear dichroism (CD and LD). In the o-CuTMPyP case, in which the rotation of the pyridinium ring is prevented, the shape of the CD spectrum when associated to DNA and poly$[d(A-T)_2]$ resembles and is characterized by a positive band at a low drug to DNA concentration ratio (R ratio) and is bisignate at a high R ratio. The former CD spectrum shape has been attributed to porphyrin that is bound monomerically outside of DNA while the latter can be attributed to those that are stacked. When o-CuTMPyP is bound to poly$[d(G-C)_2]$, the excitonic CD appeared at a relatively high R ratio. In contrast, a characteristic negative CD band in the Soret region was apparent for both m- and p-CuTMPyP when bound to DNA and poly$[d(G-C)_2]$ at the low R ratios, indicating that the porphyrin molecule intercalates. However, the DNA is bent near the intercalation site and the plane of the porphyrin molecule tilts relative to the DNA helix axis, as judged by the magnitude of the reduced LD. Various stacking patterns were identified by the shape of the CD spectrum for m- and p-CuTMPyP when bound to poly$[d(A-T)_2]$. Three species for the former complex and two for the latter complex were found which may reflect the extent of the stacking.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.417-425
• /
• 2016

Especially for resolving BIM data compatibility issue, as one of recently raised BIM technology issues, has also been improved by using open BIM, representatively using IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) format. As shown in many case studies, usefulness of BIM technology is increasing day by day, and the IFC-based open BIM technology is essential in recent AEC projects where the productive collaboration is of importance. One of current problems in actual projects is that there is a conflict between conventional ways and newly developed BIM ways. Using both conventional and new technologies leads construction workers to having more work loads, consequently the efficiency and productivity of on-site workers have been decreased. Thus, it is strongly necessary to facilitate 3D BIM models to extract and generate 2D precision drawings in automation, especially using open BIM technologies. Some native BIM authoring tools have limitations in there automatic generation of 2D drawings, and there is no standardized mechanism to generate 2D drawings from heterogeneous applications. For this reason, this paper aims to develop an automated stand-alone program to generate 2D drawings in automation using IFC file, totally independent from various BIM authoring tools. By using the application described in this paper, any type of general drawings such as plan, section and elevation can be extracted without additional efforts. The development approach described in this paper, based on the open BIM technologies, has a strong impact to the current process especially in the perspective of enhancing productivity when we need to find out a trade-off in-between conventional and new approaches.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제31권
• /
• pp.21.1-21.7
• /
• 2016

Objectives The present study analyzes metal contamination in sediment of the East Kolkata Wetlands, a Ramsar site, which is receiving a huge amount of domestic and industrial wastewater from surrounding areas. The subsequent uptake and accumulation of metals in different macrophytes are also examined in regard to their phytoremediation potential. Methods Metals like cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and lead (Pb) were estimated in sediment, water and different parts of the macrophytes Colocasia esculenta and Scirpus articulatus. Results The concentration of metals in sediment were, from highest to lowest, Mn ($205.0{\pm}65.5mg/kg$)>Cu ($29.9{\pm}10.2mg/kg$)>Pb ($22.7{\pm}10.3mg/kg$)>Cd ($3.7{\pm}2.2mg/kg$). The phytoaccumulation tendency of these metals showed similar trends in both native aquatic macrophyte species. The rate of accumulation of metals in roots was higher than in shoots. There were strong positive correlations (p <0.001) between soil organic carbon (OC) percentage and Mn (r =0.771), and sediment OC percentage and Pb (r=0.832). Cation exchange capacity (CEC) also showed a positive correlation (p <0.001) with Cu (r=0.721), Mn (r=0.713), and Pb (r=0.788), while correlations between sediment OC percentage and Cu (r=0.628), sediment OC percentage and Cd (r=0.559), and CEC and Cd (r=0.625) were significant at the p <0.05 level. Conclusions Bioaccumulation factor and translocation factors of these two plants revealed that S. articulatus was comparatively more efficient for phytoremediation, whereas phytostabilization potential was higher in C. esculenta.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.89-93
• /
• 2004

Expression of a fusion protein between B. thuringiensis crystal protein, Cry1Ac1 and a scorpion insect toxin (AaIT, Androctonus australis Hector insect toxin) in acrystalliferous B. thuringiensis strain (Cry-B strain) was examined. The cry 1Ac1 gene was cloned in B. thuringiensis-E coli shuttle vector, pHT3101, under the control of the native cry 1Ac1 gene promoter (pProAc) and a gene encoding AaIT was inserted in XhoI site in the middle of the cry 1Ac1 gene (pProAc-ScoR). B. thuringiensis Cry-B strain carrying pProAc-ScoR (PyoAc-ScoR/CB) produced an inclusion body of irregular shape and the expressed fusion protein is approximately 65 kDa in size. Sporulated cells and spore-crystal mixtures of ProAc-ScoR/CB had insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella larvae, showing $LT_50$ of ProAc-ScoR/CB (22.59 hrs) lower than that of ProAc/CB (30.06 hrs) at $1{\times}{10^7} {CEU/cm^2}$. These results suggest that the fusion protein including a B. thuringiensis crystal protein and an AaIT may be functionally expressed in B. thupingiensis. Moreover, we verified the additive toxicity of AaIT, which is a new feasible candidate for insect control.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.83-93
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted for an understanding of a threatened plant species,“Penthorum chinense”, which is a vegetation structure and environmental characteristic in the southern part of Ibaraki, Japan. We selected distribution and contiguity area where P. chinense is not distributed and we set up 69 sites by the quardrat method. The surveyed general characters in each site include mean-height, mean-coverage, moisture condition water depth coverage and depth of litter layer. We calculated the degree of succession by the survey data and grasped the main distribution area, vegetation structure, growth environment of P. chinense by TWINSPAN classification and DCA ordination. The results of this study are as follows. First, P. chinense habitat was categorized into the riverside and abandoned paddy fields. The riverside was influenced by natural disturbance caused by flooding and drought. These conditions led to a poor P. chinense growth. The abandoned paddy fields as the artificial disturbance area have high potential value, because the area can preserve P. chinense growth space by succession control and water management. second, we executed TWINSPAN analysis based on vegetation coverage data of survey sites. The vegetation types were classified into the three categories: annual plant flora(P. chinense dominates in wet state), perennial plant flora(Solidago altissima dominates in dry state), and perennial plant flora(Phragmites communis dominates in wet state). Third, the data was ordinated by DCA. The sample sequences along the first and second DCA axes effectively reflected moisture condition, number of species, mean height, coverage of litter layer and degree of succession. Especially, P. chinense flora has the high correlation with moisture condition and number of species.