• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.341-348
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• 2011

제주재래돼지의 모계 혈통에 대한 보다 명확한 이해를 얻기 위해, 본 연구에서는 제주재래돼지의 미토콘드리아 DNA (mtDNA) CYTB 유전자를 분석하고 이를 타 품종들에서 얻은 결과들과 비교하였다. 제주재래돼지를 포함한 돼지 6 품종에서 PCR-RFLP 분석을 수행하였고, RFLP 양상은 돼지 품종들을 뚜렷하게 구분되는 두 가지 반수체형(mtCYTB1 and mtCYTB2)으로 분리시켰다. 제주재래돼지 CYTB 서열들은 계통수 상에서 유럽과 아시아품종 cluster에서 모두 발견되었다. 제주재래돼지 CYTB들 중에서 J2 group은 중국재래돼지품종들과 근연이면서 아시아 고유 돼지 계통들과 함께 출현하였으며, 다른 한 group인 J1에 해당하는 서열들은 유럽돼지 계통들과 함께 위치하였고, 아시아 품종들보다는 스페인의 Iberian 재래돼지들과 근연인 것으로 확인되었다. 이 결과들은 현재 제주도에서 사육되고 있는 제주재래돼지 품종의 모계 기원은 크게 아시아계 돼지와 유럽계 돼지인 것으로 추정됨을 보여준다. 따라서 본 연구결과들은 제주재래돼지 집단은 과거에 가축화된 아시아 고유 돼지품종들과 공통 선조를 공유하고, 또한 20세기에 유입된 유럽계 돼지 품종들도 현재의 집단 형성에 기여한 것임을 시사하고 있다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.135-141
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• 1996

Growth, mammary development, serum concentrations of growth hormone, prolactin and estradiol which affect the growth and mammary development, were investigated in Korean Native heifers and Holstein heifers from 5 months old to 15 months old. From 5 months old to 15 months old, body weights in Korean Native heifers averaged 37%, lower than those in Holstein heifers of the same age (P<.01). Teat volumes in Korean Native heifers are average 67% smaller than those in Holstein heifers. Analysis of serum protein by secondary electrophoresis showed differences in protein pattern between the breeds and between the individuals. From 5 months old to 15 months old, serum concentration of growth hormone in Korean Native heifers was averge 47% lower than that in Holstein (P<.01), yet prolactin concentrations in serum were about the same between the two breeds. However serum concentration of estradiol in Korean Native heifers was average 20% higher than that in Holstein of same age (P<.01). This result showed evidently that the decrease of the growth hormone concentration in serum, while growing up, causes to retard the growth and mammary development in Korean Native heifers compared to Holstein heifers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.565-570
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• 1989

The influence of age at first calving on the milk production of crossbred dairy cows produced under major dairy cattle crossbreeding projects in Pakistan was studied from the year 1974 to 1980. These animals were bred and raised at the Livestock Production Research Institute, Bahadarnagar (LPRI), Livestock Experiment Station, Karachi (LES) and the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad (UAF). Local Sahiwal (SWL) cattle were crossed with the European breeds, Holstein Friesian (HF) and Jersey (J) at LPRI and UAF. At LES, native Red Sindhi (RS) were crossed with the HF and J breeds. At LES and UAF, the crossbred progeny, thus, produced comprised of halfbreds only while at LPRI 3/4 HF, 3/4 J, 1/4 HF and 1/4 J groups were also available for this study. The average age at first calving was considerably higher among the native breeds. At LES, the RS calved for the first time at an age of approximately 56 months. Corresponding values for SWLs at LPRI and UAF were 44 and 64 months, respectively. The 1/2 HF and 1/2 J crossbreds calved first at the age of approximately 25, 26, 34, 36, 37 and 38 months at LPRI, LES and UAF respectively. For 3/4 HF, 3/4 K, 1/4 HF and 1/4 J groups of LPRI the average age at first calving was 29, 26, 34 and 33 months. Considerable differences in age at first calving between the crossbreds and native breeds were observed. Due to early maturity, the former attained the peak level of milk production in third lactation whereas the latter groups, because of late maturity, reached this level in their fourth lactation. This study suggested that early maturity in Zebu cattle (Box indicus) could be induced through crossbreeding with European cattle (Bos Taurus).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.180-188
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the melanogenesis associated transcription factor (MITF) and dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) genes on plumage coloration in Asian native duck breeds. MITF encodes a protein for microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, which regulates the development and function of melanocytes for pigmentation of skin, hair, and eyes. Among the tyrosinase-related family genes, DCT is a pigment cell-specific gene that plays important roles in the melanin synthesis pathway and the expression of skin, feather, and retina color. Methods: Five Asian duck varieties (black Korean native, white Korean native, commercial Peking, Nageswari, and Bangladeshi Deshi white ducks) were investigated to examine the polymorphisms associated with plumage colors. Among previously identified SNPs, three synonymous SNPs and one indel of MITF and nine SNPs in exon regions of DCT were genotyped. The allele frequencies for SNPs of the black and white plumage color populations were estimated and Fisher's exact test was conducted to assess the association between the allele frequencies of these two populations. Results: Two synonymous SNPs (c.114T>G and c.147T>C) and a 14-bp indel (GCTGCAAAC AGATG) in intron 7 of MITF were significantly associated with the black- and white-colored breeds (p<0.001). One non-synonymous SNP [c.938A>G (p.His313Arg)] in DCT, was highly significantly associated (p<0.001) and a synonymous SNP (c.753A>G) was significantly associated (p<0.05) with black and white color plumage in the studied duck populations. Conclusion: The results of this study provide a basis for further investigations of the associations between polymorphisms and plumage color phenotypes in Asian duck breeds.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2022

본 연구는 국내 토착화된 닭 12개 품종(재래종 5계통, 한국형 로드종 2계통, 한국형 레그혼종 2계통, 한국형 코니시종 2계통 및 한국오계)의 생리적 활성 정도를 비교하고 자품종 간 텔로미어 길이 및 생존 능력을 분석하였다. 분석에 총 466수를 공시하고 텔로미어 길이는 양적 형광접합보인법을 이용하여 각 개체의 백혈구 세포 내 telomeric DNA의 상대적 함량을 분석하였다. 각 품종의 생존 능력은 발생 후부터 50주령까지의 생존율로 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 모든 품종에서 공히 연령이 증가함에 따라 텔로미어 길이의 선형적 감소를 나타내었고, 품종 간 텔로미어 길이는 20주령 이후부터 유의한 차이를 보이고 동일 기간에 텔로미어 길이의 단축율에도 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(P<0.01). 품종 간에 있어서는 한국형 로드-D종이 가장 긴 텔로미어 길이와 가장 낮은 텔로미어 단축율을 보였고, 반면 한국형 코니시 갈색종은 가장 짧은 텔로미어 길이와 가장 높은 단축율을 나타내었다. 텔로미어의 단축 정도는 50주령 텔로미어 길이는 8주령 길이의 절반 정도에 불과한 것으로 나타났다. 생존율에서도 품종 간 유의한 차이를 보이며 한국형 로드종과 오계가 상대적으로 높은 생존율을 보이고, 한국형 코니시종이 가장 저조한 생존율을 나타내었다. 생존율과 텔로미어길이 간에는 유의한 정(+)의 상관을 보이고 성장 초기보다는 노년의 텔로미어 길이가 생존율과 더 높은 상관관계를 나타내었다. 따라서 특정 시기의 텔로미어 길이보다는 일정기간 동안 텔로미어 길이의 단축율이 생존율과 더욱 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 사료된다. 이상의 텔로미어 역동성과 생존 능력 분석 결과를 바탕으로 토종닭 품종 중 한국형 로드종의 생리활성도가 가장 높고, 한국형 코니시종의 생리활성도가 가장 낮다고 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1365-1371
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• 2017

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the basic information on genetic structure and characteristics of Korean Native chickens (NC) and foreign breeds through the analysis of the pure chicken populations and commercial chicken lines of the Hanhyup Company which are popular in the NC market, using the 20 microsatellite markers. Methods: In this study, the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of 445 NC from five different breeds (NC, Leghorn [LH], Cornish [CS], Rhode Island Red [RIR], and Hanhyup [HH] commercial line) were investigated by performing genotyping using 20 microsatellite markers. Results: The highest genetic distance was observed between RIR and LH (18.9%), whereas the lowest genetic distance was observed between HH and NC (2.7%). In the principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) illustrated by the first component, LH was clearly separated from the other groups. The correspondence analysis showed close relationship among individuals belonging to the NC, CS, and HH lines. From the STRUCTURE program, the presence of 5 clusters was detected and it was found that the proportion of membership in the different clusters was almost comparable among the breeds with the exception of one breed (HH), although it was highest in LH (0.987) and lowest in CS (0.578). For the cluster 1 it was high in HH (0.582) and in CS (0.368), while for the cluster 4 it was relatively higher in HH (0.392) than other breeds. Conclusion: Our study showed useful genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship data that can be utilized for NC breeding and development by the commercial chicken industry to meet consumer demands.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2011

초위성체(MS) 표지를 이용하여 한국 재래닭 집단의 각각의 분자유전학적 특성을 조사하고, 그 평가를 통해 한국 재래닭에 대한 품종 및 계통 분류의 기초를 마련하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 또한, 한국 재래닭 집단 내 및 집단간 유전적 변이성을 확인하고, 그 분류 및 특성 평가를 위한 MS 분석 체계를 마련하여 국내 가축유전자원의 관리에 활용코자 하였다. 국내 관리 기관 및 농가 보유 11개 계통의 한국 재래닭 및 상용계 462 수를 대상으로 19개 MS 표지로 분석한 결과, 한국 재래닭 집단은 상용계부터 분자유전학적으로 별개의 집단으로 구분되며, 특히 한국 재래닭 중 긴꼬리닭 계통은 상용계와 국내 토종닭 어느 집단과도 확연히 분리되는 것을 확인하였다. 한국 재래닭 집단 간의 유전거리는 0.11~0.18로 비교적 낮게 나타났으나, 유전적 균일도는 R 계통을 제외하고 0.86~0.88로 코니쉬 계통을 제외한 상용계의 0.95~0.97보다 비교적 낮았다. 다만, 긴꼬리닭 집단의 유전적 균일도는 0.91~0.97로 높게 나타났다. 본 연구를 통하여 한국 재래닭 집단 간의 유전적 차이 및 동질성, 그리고 집단내의 유전적 균일성을 확인하고, 긴꼬리닭 계통의 위치를 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 국내 유전자원의 고유성을 인정할 수 있는 과학적인 근거로서, 국가 수준의 가축유전자원 평가, 관리의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.469-476
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• 2017

This study analyzed consumers' preferences and price sensitivity to native chickens. A survey was conducted from Jan 6 to 17, 2014, and data were collected from consumers (n=500) living in Korea. Statistical analyses evaluated the consumption patterns of native chickens, preference marketing for native chicken breeds which will be newly developed, and price sensitivity measurement (PSM). Of the subjects who preferred broilers, 24.3% do not purchase native chickens because of the dryness and tough texture, while those who preferred native chickens liked their chewy texture (38.2%). Of the total subjects, 38.2% preferred fried native chickens (38.2%) for processed food, 38.4% preferred direct sales for native chicken distribution, 51.0% preferred native chickens to be slaughtered in specialty stores, and 32.4% wanted easy access to native chickens. Additionally, the price stress range (PSR) was 50 won and the point of marginal cheapness (PMC) and point of marginal expensiveness (PME) were 6,980 won and 12,300 won, respectively. Evaluation of the segmentation market revealed that consumers who prefer broiler to native chicken breeds were more sensitive to the chicken price. To accelerate the consumption of newly developed native chicken meat, it is necessary to develop a texture that each consumer needs, to increase the accessibility of native chickens, and to have diverse menus and recipes as well as reasonable pricing for native chickens.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제43권8호
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• pp.728-738
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• 2020

Time and cost-effective production of next-generation sequencing data has enabled the performance of population-scale comparative and evolutionary studies for various species, which are essential for obtaining the comprehensive insight into molecular mechanisms underlying species- or breed-specific traits. In this study, the evolutionary and functional analysis of Korean native pig (KNP) was performed using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data by comparative and population genomic approaches with six different mammalian species and five pig breeds. We examined the evolutionary history of KNP SNPs, and the specific genes of KNP based on the uniqueness of non-synonymous SNPs among the used species and pig breeds. We discovered the evolutionary trajectory of KNP SNPs within the used mammalian species as well as pig breeds. We also found olfaction-associated functions that have been characterized and diversified during evolution, and quantitative trait loci associated with the unique traits of KNP. Our study provides new insight into the evolution of KNP and serves as a good example for a better understanding of domestic animals in terms of evolution and domestication using the combined approaches of comparative and population genomics.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.1069-1076
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• 2019

Objective: Yunnan is not only a frontier zone that connects China with South and Southeast Asia, but also represents an admixture zone between taurine (Bos taurus) and zebu (Bos indicus) cattle. The purpose of this study is to understand the level of genomic diversity and the extent of admixture in each Yunnan native cattle breed. Methods: All 120 individuals were genotyped using Illumina BovineHD BeadChip (777,962 single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]). Quality control and genomic diversity indexes were calculated using PLINK software. The principal component analysis (PCA) was assessed using SMARTPCA program implemented in EIGENSOFT software. The ADMIXTURE software was used to reveal admixture patterns among breeds. Results: A total of 604,630 SNPs was obtained after quality control procedures. Among six breeds, the highest level of mean heterozygosity was found in Zhaotong cattle from Northeastern Yunnan, whereas the lowest level of heterozygosity was detected in Dehong humped cattle from Western Yunnan. The PCA based on a pruned dataset of 233,788 SNPs clearly separated Dehong humped cattle (supposed to be a pure zebu breed) from other five breeds. The admixture analysis further revealed two clusters (K = 2 with the lowest cross validation error), corresponding to taurine and zebu cattle lineages. All six breeds except for Dehong humped cattle showed different degrees of admixture between taurine and zebu cattle. As expected, Dehong humped cattle showed no signature of taurine cattle influence. Conclusion: Overall, considerable genomic diversity was found in six Yunnan native cattle breeds except for Dehong humped cattle from Western Yunnan. Dehong humped cattle is a pure zebu breed, while other five breeds had admixed origins with different extents of admixture between taurine and zebu cattle. Such admixture by crossbreeding between zebu and taurine cattle facilitated the spread of zebu cattle from tropical and subtropical regions to other highland regions in Yunnan.