• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.117-123
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• 2015

Economic loss by soft tunic syndrome of edible ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi has become a serious problem. Recently, it has discovered that the cause of this syndrome is infection by a protozoan parasite Azumiobodo hoyamushi. However, only a few studies have been conducted to control this parasitic disease. In a previous research, non-specific disinfectants have been found to be effective in controling the causative parasite. In an attempt to eradicate this causative parasite, organic acids were tested in this study to evaluate their in vitro and in vivo efficacy. In vitro tests showed that 8 different organic acids used in this study were moderately or highly effective with protozoan-killing effects ($EC_{50}=153{\sim}275{\mu}g/ml$). Despite weak in vivo penetration of organic acids into the tunic tissues, treatment with high concentration reduced the mortality of ascidian caused by infection the parasite, indicating that we might be able to develop a disinfection method using environmentally-friendly organic acids.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 2015

Thirty-two actinomycetes isolates from Korean forest soil were screened for their nematicidal and reproduction suppression activity against pine wood nematode (PWN) which is widely spread in Korea. Culture filterates of 21 isolates showed more than 90% mortality at 2-fold concentration. Among them, AM210, SG16, YD116 and YD315 were more effective than others on reproduction of PWN. The YD116 isolate was identified as Streptomyces atratus by morphological and 16S rDNA analyses. Hydrazine hydrate, similar to hydrazidomycin which has cytotoxicity among substances from S. atratus against PWN, was tested for its nematicidal activity. Ten ppm of the hydrate showed 60.8% mortality. Additional studies are needed for practical use of the S. atratus YD116 isolate.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.201-207
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• 2018

Purpose: Obesity, a worldwide epidemic, is associated with insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers. Many strategies, including natural alternative anti-obesity agents, are used widely to prevent obesity. This study examined the effects of silkworm hemolymph on the weight control of C57BL/6N mice fed with a high-fat diet. Methods: The mice were divided into five groups: normal group (N), high-fat diet group (HFC), high-fat diet and silkworm hemolymph (at dose of 1 mL/kg BW (HFS-1), 5 mL/kg BW (HFS-5) and 10 mL/kg (HFS-10) for 12 weeks. Results: After 12 weeks treatment, the administration of silkworm hemolymph decreased the final body weight significantly along with a decrease in the weights of epididymal fat and total fat. The plasma LDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in the HFS-1, HFS-5, and HFS-10 groups than in the HFC group. In addition, the leptin level of the HFS groups was significantly lower than those of the HFC group without a change in the plasma insulin concentration. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the silkworm hemolymph may have the potential to prevent obesity.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.277-288
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• 2003

It has been suggested that increased number and activity of phagocytes in periodontitis lesion results in a high degree of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. There are few reports on the relationship between ROS and MMPs expressions in gingival fibroblast. We studied to elucidate whether and how ROS, especially nitric oxide affects the MMP expression. Human gingival fibroblasts and HTl080 cells (human fibrosarcoma sell line as reference) were grown in DMEM supplemented with 10 mM HEPES, 50 mg/L gentamicin, and 10% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum with addition of various reactive oxygen species (ROS). Culture media conditioned by cells were examined by gelatin zymography. HT1080 cells expressed proMMP-2 and proMMP-9, but human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) produced only proMMP-2. Hydrogen peroxide upregulated MMP-9 expression in HT1080 cells, whereas in human gingival fibroblast SNP treatment showed marked increase in MMP-2 level compared to other ROS. These results suggest that the effects of ROS on MMPs expressions are cell-type specific. RT-PCR for MMP-2 and TIMP-2 m-RNA were performed using total RNA from cultured cells under the influence various kinase inhibitors. In HT1080 cells, treatment with FPTI III (Ras processing inhibitor) and LY294002 (PI3-kinase inhibitor) resulted in inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions, suggesting that Ras/P13-kinase pathway is important for MMPs expression in HT1080 cells. In gingival fibroblasts, treatment with FPTI III and PDTC (NF-kB inhibitor) showed marked decrease in MMP-2 regardless of the of SNP , suggesting that Ras/NF-kB could be the key pathway for NO-induced MMP-2 expression in gingival fibroblasts. This study showed that ROS, especially nitric oxide, could be the critical mediator of periodontal disease progression through control of MMP-2 expression in gingival fibroblasts possibly via Ras/NF-kB pathway.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.148-154
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• 2011

This study was conducted to control the seed borne pathogens (Alternaria spp.) of carrot and to examine the seed germination rate by using 13 environment friendly agricultural materials instead of conventional chemicals for organic cultivation. The growth inhibiting effects on pathogens showed the different responses according to each agricultural material and effective 7 materials against seed borne pathogens were selected. Among 7 materials, the carrot seeds sterilized with plant extracts, Tanger Stop and Land Saver were not germinated at all. The germination rate of seeds sterilized with other materials showed the similar levels with reference chemical (Benlate-T) and non-treated seeds. Infection rates of seeds sterilized with seaweed extract, Bellopper for controlling A. radicina and plant extract, Ssial-100 for A. dauci were similar or low infection rate compared with reference chemical. The germination rate and root length of seeds sterilized with Bellopper and Ssial-100 was similar or superior to those of chemical sterilized seeds. The optimal condition seemed to be a little bit different depending on the concentration of materials. As a result, the sterilization of carrot seeds by using the environment friendly materials could be effectively utilized as a technology to inhibit the infection of seed-borne pathogens.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2017

At the present, fish farms are suffering a lot of economic losses due to infectious diseases caused by various pathogens including aeromonad. Aeromonad is ubiquitous bacteria that causes infectious diseases. At least 26 species in the genus Aeromonas have been reported to cause fatal infections not only in salmonid fishes, but also in other freshwater and seawater fishes. Molecular techniques based on nucleic acid sequences of 16S rDNA and housekeeping genes can be used to identify the Aeromonas species. In this study, The genus Aeromonas was isolated from salmonid fishes of sixteen fish farms in Gangwon-Do, Korea and phylogenetically identified based on the sequences of 16S rDNA and housekeeping genes for Aeromonad, i.e. RNA polymerase sigma factor ${\sigma}^{70}$ (rpoD) or DNA gyrase subunit B (gyrB). Consequently, 96 strains were collected from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), masou salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and 36 isolates were identified as the genus Aeromonas by 16S rDNA analysis. Thirty six Aeromonad isolates were further analysed based on rpoD or gyrB gene sequences and found Aeromonas salmonicida (24 isolates), A. sobria (10 isolates), A. media (1 isolates) and A. popoffii (1 isolates), indicating that A. salmonicida is a main infectious bacteria in Salmonid fishes in Gangwon-Do. It was also proved that the phylogenetic identification of Aeromonas species based on the sequences of housekeeping gene is more precise than the 16S rDNA sequence.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.567-575
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• 2009

Purpose : Epilepsy affects more than 0.5% of the world's population. It has a large genetic component and is caused by electrical hyperexcitability in the central nervous system. Despite its prevalence, the disease lacks definitive diagnostic serological biomarkers. To identify potential biomarkers for epilepsy by a convenient method, we analyzed the expression of serum proteins, reflecting alterations in the patient's proteomes. Methods : We compared two-dimensional electrophoretic band patterns of human sera from eight patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) with those of eight control subjects. The differentially expressed bands were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. esults : Twelve proteins were differentially expressed in the TLE group, of which 6 were identified. Expression of haptoglobin Hp2, PRO2675, immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region gamma 2, an unnamed protein, and three unidentified proteins were upregulated in serum from the patients with TLE, whereas those of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen, plasma retinol-binding protein precursor, and three unidentified proteins were downregulated in these patients. After resection of the epileptogenic zone, the expressions of MHC class I antigen, immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region gamma 2, two of the downregulated unidentified proteins, and one of the upregulated unidentified proteins returned to the normal range. Conclusion : The 12 serum proteins in this study are potentially useful biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of TLE.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.209-216
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• 2009

During the period of June, 2005 to May, 2008, 44 host plants infected with powdery mildew were collected in the Jeon-ju and Jang-su districts of Jeonbuk province and in the Jang-sung district of Jeonnam province. The hyperparasites, Ampelomyces were confirmed in 12 plant species. Most of the pycnidium shapes of Ampelomyces were circular or oval shaped, and the sizes were different even within the same host plant, and also the color of pycnidium was ranged from light brown to dark brown. Ampelomyces species were isolated from 4 hosts including Impatiens balsamina L., Cucurbita pepo, Rudbeckia laciniata var. elatier and Youngia sonchifolia, and thus the most appropriate 12 Ampelomyces strains for the current experiment were selected. When analyzing the selected 12 strains' incubational and nutritional characteristics, the malt extract agar was the most appropriate media. When investigating the effect of osmotic pressure on the spore germination, 0.15M NaCl concentration was the optimum germination concentration. When the isolated Ampelomyces sp. was tested in-vitro, it was found to be effective to control in other plant pathogens, isolated Ampelomyces showed no pathogenicity to the plant. strains isolated . studied on rDNA ITS sequence analysis. The rDNA ITS sequence data of Ampelomyces sp. isolate BSLAH16 from Impatiens balsamina L. were analyzed and identified.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.569-576
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• 1997

Fowl typhoid(FT) caused by Salmonella gallinarum is an infectious, egg-transmitted disease and characterized by swollen bronze liver, greenish-yellow diarrhea and high mortality in growing and adult chickens. Since 1992 the outbreak of FT has been increased. Several problems have been occurred such as absence of appropriate vaccines and lack of useful therapeutic methods. In these studies we investigated the pathogenicity of S gallinarum isolated in chickens. To compare the pathogenicity among the species of chickens, all chickens were challenged intramuscularly or orally with $1{\times}10^7$ CFU of S gallinarum. The brown-colored layers were more susceptible and white leghone chickens were more resistant than other species. In the brown layer chickens orally challenged, lethal doses ($LD_{50}$) of the isolates were inoculated at 1 day, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks old chickens with amount of $10^{4.2}$, $10^{4.7}$, $10^{7.0}$ and $10^{7.6}$ CFU, respectively. The chickens which were intramuscularly challenged with the less amount than $10^2$ CFU showed higher mortality than that of the chickens orally inoculated with same dose. Also, we investigated the recovery rates of bacteria from various organs of survival chickens which were challenged orally with $5{\times}l0^7$ CFU of S gallinarum. The bacteria was more frequently and isolated earlier from the liver and spleen than from any other ogans. In the pathogenicity test, the white-leghorn chickens which were known as resistant-strain against Salmonella were artificially immunosuppressed using bursectomy and/or dexamethasone treatment. Mortality of chickens with both bursectomized and treated with dexamethasone was higher(90%) than that of the control group(10%), the bursectomized chickens(10%) and the dexamethasone only treated group(20%). It was suggested that the protective mechanism in chickens against S gallinarum may be required both the functions of B-cells and T-cells.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.311-327
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• 2009

This study was performed to determine the health and nutritional risk factors associated with hypertension in Koreans over the age of 50 in a high-income class (more than twice as much family income as the 2005 Korean minimum cost of living, 668,540 Won). A total of 505 subjects aged over 50 from the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were divided into two groups: A hypertension group (HG) (N=151, Systolic Blood Pressure ${\geq}$140 mmHg or Diastolic Blood Pressure ${\geq}$90 mmHg) and normal group (NG) (N=354). Subjects who took hypertension medicines or underwent diet therapy were excluded. In HG, mean daily alcohol intake and the amount of alcohol consumption per one occasion were significantly higher than in NG, respectively. A greater number of hypertension subjects answered that they drank alcohol to reduce stress as compared to normal subjects. HG also took fewer dietary supplements than NG. Mean body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fasting blood sugar level, and 2 hour postprandial blood sugar following a glucose load were significantly higher in HG than in NG, respectively. Also, iron, thiamin, and niacin intakes and the consumption frequency of seaweeds were significantly lower in HG than in NG, respectively. Finally, obesity (BMI ${\geq}$25 $kg/m^2$), abdominal obesity (waist circumference ${\geq}$90 cm for males, ${\geq}$ 80 cm for females), high blood sugar level 2 hours after an oral glucose load (${\geq}$140~200 mg/dl), and hypertriglyceridemia (serum TG ${\geq}$200 mg/dl) were related to a significantly higher risk of hypertension in the subjects (odds ratio: 1.884~3.040). In conclusion, dietary factors such as higher alcohol consumption; lower intakes of iron, thiamin, and niacin; lower consumption frequency of seaweeds; and metabolic syndrome were associated with hypertension in the study subjects.