The SMG project has been driven to secure food and water resources by closing of the SMG dyke for the preparation of the unification of Korean peninsular. It was investigated for pollution loads, land use distribution and water consumption for environmental assessments in two watersheds, the Mankyeong River (MK) and the Dongjin River (DJ) to assess the role of agricultural land on the alleviation of pollution loads to the SMG basin. It is needed to give the priority in managing pollution sources to conserve freshwater in the Saemangeum (SMG) basin after the completion of the SMG reclamation from tideland. The MK has $700million\;m^3$ water of which 14.1% were used for living, 73.6% for agriculture and 12.3% for industry. The DJ has $505million\;m^3$ water of which 3.0% for living, 94.5% for agriculture and 2.5% for industry. As compared to proportion of each land of total area, agricultural land was 1.4 times larger, livestock farming 7 times larger, forest 0.74 times smaller, and built-up area 0.67 times smaller in DJ watershed than in MK watershed. Pollution sources in MK and DJ watersheds were originated at a higher proportion from population including the sewage disposal and a livestock farming area rather than from the land. Water consumption and land use distribution influenced the water quality of the rivers; DJ watershed had far lower value of electric conductivity, $BOD_5$, TN and TP than MK watershed. A large proportion of paddy field also influenced to reduce pollute loadings after rainfall; DJ watershed, which has a relatively large area of paddy fields, had a far lower delivery load after rainfall than MK watershed even though DJ watershed had large livestock farming area. As paddy fields was irrigated by Iksancheon water, 37% of nitrogen, 50% of phosphates and 14.0% of $BOD_5$ was removed by the paddy field just after flowing 150 meter, and rice plants could remove TN 100.0 kg, $P_2O_5$ 24.0 kg, and $K_2O$ 119.2 kg per hectare at harvest by irrigation of Iksancheon water. Conclusively, rice paddy fields played a positive role to conserve the water quality in the Iksancheon watershed.
Due to river maintenance projects such as the creation of hydrophilic areas around rivers and the Four Rivers Project, the flow characteristics of rivers are continuously changing, and the risk of water quality accidents due to the inflow of various pollutants is increasing. In the event of a water quality accident, it is necessary to minimize the effect on the downstream side by predicting the concentration and arrival time of pollutants in consideration of the flow characteristics of the river. In order to track the behavior of these pollutants, it is necessary to calculate the diffusion coefficient and dispersion coefficient for each section of the river. Among them, the dispersion coefficient is used to analyze the diffusion range of soluble pollutants. Existing experimental research cases for tracking the behavior of pollutants require a lot of manpower and cost, and it is difficult to obtain spatially high-resolution data due to limited equipment operation. Recently, research on tracking contaminants using RGB drones has been conducted, but RGB images also have a limitation in that spectral information is limitedly collected. In this study, to supplement the limitations of existing studies, a hyperspectral sensor was mounted on a remote sensing platform using a drone to collect temporally and spatially higher-resolution data than conventional contact measurement. Using the collected spatio-temporal hyperspectral images, the tracer concentration was calculated and the transverse dispersion coefficient was derived. It is expected that by overcoming the limitations of the drone platform through future research and upgrading the dispersion coefficient calculation technology, it will be possible to detect various pollutants leaking into the water system, and to detect changes in various water quality items and river factors.
Recently, the rapid redeposition and erosion of rivers artificially created by climate change and the Four Rivers Restoration Project is questionable. According to the revised law in Korea, the river management agency will periodically carry out bed changes surveys. However, there are technical limitations in contrast to the trend of increasing spatial coverage, density and narrowing of intervals. National organizations are interest in developing innovative bed changessurvey techniquesfor efficiency. Core of bathymetry survey is to measure the depth of rivers under a variety of river conditions, but that is relatively more risky, time-consuming and expensive compared to conventional ground surveys. To overcome the limitations of traditional technology, echo sounder, which has been mainly used for ocean depth surveying, has been applied to rivers. However, due to various technical limitations, it is still difficult to periodically investigate a wide range of areas. Therefore, technique using the remote sensing has been spotlighted as an alternative, especially showing the possibility of depth measurement using spectral characteristics. In this study, we develop and examine a technique that can measure depth of water using reflectance from spectral characteristics. As a result of applying the technique proposed in thisstudy, it was confirmed that the measured depth and the correlation and error corresponding to 0.986 and 0.053 m were measured in the depth range within 0.95 m. In the future, this study could be applied to the measurement of spatial depth if it is applied to the hyperspectral sensor mounted on the drone.
Cultural heritage is the historic symbol implying the life of people and regionality. Accordingly, the study on cultural heritage along the border between Korea and China is a very critical and urgent task for educational purposes as well as to secure historic and cultural awareness and national identity. The border area between Korea and China is classified into the areas along Aprok River and areas along Tumen River where the cultural heritage of various ethnicities is scattered. Accordingly, this study tried to find the approaches to implement and use the exhibition contents for educational purposes as well as visual applications rather than a literary study on cultural heritage in the border area between Korea and China. The results of this study will be the opportunity to enhance the practical understanding of the modern states as well as to learn the cultural awareness of the territory of a modern state and people's awareness of the importance of world heritages. Furthermore, the results of this study will be used as the resources for historic and cultural tours on the web or applications and help to understand the cultural features of Korea and China in the northeastern region as well as historic awareness in educational programs using exhibition materials in a museum.
A study on vegetation in the Mangyeong River and Dongjin River basins and the surrounding regions of the Saemangeum Reclaimed Land was conducted in a series of efforts to determine the expected ecological changes in the salt marshes, to restore their vegetation, to explore the restoring force of halophyte, to examine the community mechanism and, ultimately, to rehabilitate marshy land vegetation along the lakeside, coastal dune and salt marshes of the Saemangeum Project Area. The findings of the study may be summed up as follows: Five species such as Suaeda japonica, Salicornia herbacea, Atriplex gmelini, Aster tripolium and Suaeda asparagoides that are mostly distributed in the estuary of the Saemangeum Reclaimed Land were analyzed to examine the mechanism of halophyte to maintain their community. To find out the strategies of plants for survival and the cause of forming community structure, a research was made as for appearance ratio of biomass, root lengths and germination. With regard to biomasses of halophyte, the biomass of Suaeda japonica increases rapidly, while Salicornia herbacea adopts a strategy of unstable growth pattern by which the biomass increases slowly in parallel with its slow speed of growth since initial appearance of young sapling. In contrast, Suaeda asparagoides, Atriplex gmelini and Aster tripolium choose to adapt themselves to environment promptly by being transformed into life form of annual or biennial plant, a pattern that is presumed to be favorable and stable for survival in the later stage of growth. In short, there is a sharp distinction among the 5 species: i.e. Suaeda japonica that begins to grow fast in the length of surface and underground section but slows down from the mid-stage on; Salicornia herbacea that grows slowly in the beginning step but starts to step up from the middle onward; Atriplex gmelini and Aster tripolium growing slowly in the initial stage but fast later on; and Suaeda asparagoides that turns from the constant growth in the beginning to rapid growth in the later period. The outcomes of the analysis into status of growth and influencing factors of Suaeda japonica in the sowing field that is most widely prevalent in the Saemangeum Reclaimed Land as a sort of ecological pioneer in the salt marshes showed that the average size of grass lands, density and number of individuals increase in the natural sowing field as well as in the plowing field regardless of their physical as well as physico-chemical features of the soil as the season progresses from June to October of a year.
Kim, In-Cheol;Kim, Gui-Young;Jeon, Kyeong-Am;Eom, Ki-Hyuk;Yu, Jun;Lee, Dae-In;Kim, Young-Tae;Kim, Hee-Jung
Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
/
v.19
no.2
/
pp.111-118
/
2013
This paper suggested the improvement of marine environmental impact assessment in eastern coast as analyzing consultation on the coastal area utilization for development of ports and fishing harbors for 3years in the east coast. The results of survey are only 3cases, 12cases and 16cases each for ocean currents, wave and sounding data. However, for development of ports and fishing harbors in eastern coast, ocean characteristics in eastern coast different than in the West Sea, South Sea is considered to marine environmental impact assessment. For development of ports and fishing harbors in east coast where the influences of ocean currents, wind-driven current and waves are dominant, the effect of the current should be considered to improve the reproducibility of tidal current. The wave should also be considered as an assessment criteria to obtain the validity of project such as harbor tranquility, functionality of breakwaters and stability. In addition, sediment inflow in river and exact water depth data of the ocean should be applied to numerical modeling and set wave-induced current to external force of sediment transport to predict the problems such as the harbor siltation and the coastal erosion considering ocean characteristics in the east coast.
Baek, Seung-Ho;Yoon, Ju-Duk;Kim, Jeong-Hui;Park, Sang-Hyeon;Lee, Jin-Woong;Jang, Min-Ho;Kim, Su Kyung;Byeon, Myeong-Seop
Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
/
v.48
no.2
/
pp.77-85
/
2015
Siniperca scherzeri is major target species for restocking and restoration project as it is one of the economic species in South Korea. In this study, to investigate their ecological characteristics movement pattern and habitat characteristic of S. scherzeri were analyzed using radio telemetry. Three specimens released during spawning season, moved more than 10 km toward upstream from the release site. Whereas the remains released after spawning season, settled within 400 m of their release site except two specimens (Ss 11, 3.2 km; Ss, 15, 1.4 km). One of possible reason of upstream movement during spawning season is reproduction. The conditions of their settlement area is similar with reference conditions of their spawning ground. S. scherzeri were mainly detected near the edge of the water, and it may related with the facts that rocks are mainly located at the edge of the water and S. scherzeri prefers rocks for their shelter. AMD (Accumulated movement distance) positively related with body weight and condition factor K, but no significant relationship was identified with gender and total length. Daily movement boundary of S. scherzeri was $214.94m^2{\sim}3,257.19m^2$, and their movement was restricted near the edge of the water. The results of this study could be useful to restocking and restoration.
The element of the civic size is much more emphasized than that of the past national size in competitiveness of the information society and knowledge based society like today. It is for the beautiful and fresh civic creation like the civic size industry, historical culture, and environment to be the competitiveness. Especially, the city of elegant and specialized space is a role of enhancing the quality of the city than any other area. Recently, Seoul is decided as the capital of the world design in ICSID held on San Francisco at 2007. It is an opportunity for the Seoul to leap as the design city which made a miracle of the Han River as the industrial city. However, the local history, the axis of the traditional time, the axis of the space, and the direction of the local development are deficient, because the public design business is progressed in very short term and at improvising which has been done in local government. It is impossible for people to take part in actively and it is fallen down for the city to make a sustainable possibility. In this paper, I would like to find out how to make the local identity and help the local activity. It is suggested to make the fun, comfortable and playing street using the theme street by storytelling. Eventually, the object of this paper is to review the effectiveness of the method where the Itaewon of design Seoul street construction business is applied by the theme street of the storytelling.
In this study, spatial analyses of chemical properties were studied to find inter-relation among these properties from 5 year old general paddy field after arable land rearrangement and remodeled paddy field near 4 river project. In addition, comparison of spatial variations between two paddy fields was performed to characterize paddy fields by different formation and provide interpretation of these variations and parameters (Semivariogram and Kriging) from spatial analyses. Total of 400 ($20{\times}20$) soil samples were taken at 5 m interval from 1 ha of 5 year old general paddy field and analyzed. Total number of 54 ($6{\times}9$) soil samples were taken from remodeled paddy fields at 10m interval for the analyses. The results of pH, available Phosphate and organic matter among the analyzed results were used for interpretation. The pH values were relatively high from Gumi region. The values of available Phosphate and organic matter showed greater variant coefficients and this represented that there were greater heterogeneity in available phosphate and organic matter distributions across one paddy field. The values of skewness and kurtosis as absolute values, showed almost normal distributions. The paddy field in Ansung had available Phosphate (72.8) ${\fallingdotseq}$ pH (73.8) and greater values of organic matter (159.3), while upland in Gumi had the range value of organic (6.5) < available Phosphate (33.5) < pH (46.6). Based on these results, younger soils (0 year old) require more sampling to characterize the whole field than 5 year old soils.
Kim Chong-Hwan;Lee Kyenog-Bo;Cho Du-Sung;Myoung Hyung
Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
/
v.20
no.3
/
pp.289-298
/
2006
The purpose of this study was to investigate salt marsh flora and vegetation in the mouth of Mankyeong river estuary area where has a project for Sea Man Geum Reclaimed Land so that we can foster a foundation on restoration of an ecological habitat, development of applicable plants and establishment of a conservation policy after developing the reclaimed land for salt marsh vegetation which has great ecological value. As a result of this research, there are 10 families 25 genera 29 species and 3 varieties of vascular plants in the Mankyong-river estuary area. These are 0.76% among 4,191 of Korean vascular plants. There are also 5 families 6 genera 6 species and 1 varietiy of the naturalized plants which are 7 taxa in total and 3.85% of indicators of naturalized plants. Firstly, a district of low tide marsh has below 5% of vegetation coverage of Suaeda japonica and the vegetation cover was increasing rapidly while moving to a place of high tide marsh which is in the direction to a bank. In general, a range of from low tide marsh to high tide marsh is distributed with sequence of Suaeda japonica$\rightarrow$Suaeda maritima$\rightarrow$Suaeda japonica$\rightarrow$Aster tripolium$\rightarrow$Artemisia scoparia$\rightarrow$Carex scabrifolia$\rightarrow$Zoysia sinica$\rightarrow$Phragmites australis$\rightarrow$Phacelurus latifolius. Suaeda japonica has the highest dominance among the species composition and Aster tripolium, Phragmites australis, Artemisia scoparia, Carex scabrifolia and Phacelurus latifolius are distributed as zonation or patch. By the Z-M method eleven plant communities were recognized; Suaeda japonica, Suaeda japonica-Suaeda maritima, Suaeda maritima, Suaeda japonica-Aster tripolium, Aster tripolium, Phragmites australis, Carex scabrifolia, Phacelurus latifolius, Artemisia scoparia-Aster tripolium, Paspalum distichum var. indutum and Aster tripolium-Artemisia scoparia community. The actual vegetation map was constructed of the grounds of the communities classified and other data.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.