• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• 제1호
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• pp.223-229
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• 2001

The Uminonakamichi Seaside Park is located in Fukuoka and extends over an area of 540 ha. This Park is directly developed and managed mainly by the national government for its use for recreational facilities serving a wide area. It is planned and developed as an urban resort-type park, exploiting the rich natural environment of the area, to serve urban residents in northern Kyushu. The management of the Park is jointly conducted by nine bodies, including the national government and private enterprises. The Park has several functions, ranging form an urban resort to conservation of the natural environment and education. The Park has so far been positively evaluated by its visitors. However, the social background for the Park is changing and the park is now facing changing needs for this type of park, necessitating coordination with the development around the Park and a need to respond to the recent fiscal structural reform. Further improvement of the visitor services and the reconfirmation of the government's role in the development work are essential for the maintenance and enhancement of that attractions of this Park in the coming years.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2012

This study sought to discover new directions for management and operation national urban parks in Korea by analyzing the reality of the national government parks of Japan where these parks are already well established and managed. In the case of a Japanese national government park, its supporting system was established after the park was built. The means of management also shifted their direction from putting more priority to the administrative body to the residents. The management practices are changing process of its character with focus on residents as the main entity of activity from their existing position of participants. In other words, the national government parks of Japan are going beyond the previous practice of providing maintenance activities to providing experience, interpretation functions to these activities. Especially, they were establishing local networks to plan and execute programs in collaboration with the park management and NPOs. However, they fall short of tangible outcomes despite their continuous efforts to expand the community involvement and reduce the cost in maintenance. To facilitate the effective management of the urban parks in Korea in the near future, much thought needs to go into the management practices ensuring conservation of resources in the land of Korea, as well as people's use of recreation, community revitalization, and development and transfer of advanced technology to provide appropriate preparations to create urban parks in Korea.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.35-38
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• 2022

Cerebral toxoplasmosis is often life-threatening in an immunocompromised patient due to delayed diagnosis and treatment. Several differential diagnoses could be possible only with preoperative brain images of cerebral toxoplasmosis which show multiple rim-enhancing lesions. Due to the rarity of cerebral toxoplasmosis cases in Korea, the diagnosis and treatment are often delayed. This paper concerns a male patient whose cerebral toxoplasmosis was activated 21 years post kidney transplantation. Brain open biopsy was decided to make an exact diagnosis. Cerebral toxoplasmosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and PCR analyses of the tissue samples. Although cerebral toxoplasmosis was under control with medication, the patient did not recover clinically and died due to sepsis and recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.344-354
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• 2008

The ITA meta-model descriptions being promoted by Korean government was developed to build information technology architecture for applications in public institutions. However, the application of this ITA meta-model is not easy because of the complexity and overlapping between classes and attributes which reside in the ITA meta-models. Additionally, the National Defense Architecture is planned for development using the MND-AF. Since the National Defense Architecture must align with the Government ITA for interoperability and consistency, it is crucial the differences in the meta-models between MND-AF and Government ITA must be resolved. This study presents the trade-off results between the meta-models of MND-AF and Government ITA. It also proposes a set of tailored meta-models for use with the National Defense architecture development. The tailored meta-models use an ERA (Element, Relationship, Attribute) data structure that decreases complexity and eliminates the overlapping between classes and attributes.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2017

Moon Jae-in Government announced the Government's 5-Year Plan on July 19, 2017, President Moon directly announced the Government's Plan for Benefit Expansion in National Health Insurance on August 7, 2017. The main contents of the announced expansion include benefit coverage for all medically necessary services with control over non-covered service occurrence, a decrease in the cost-sharing upper limit, and monetary support for catastrophic medical costs. Although past governments have been continuously striving for benefit expansion in the last 15 years, this plan has its breakthrough aspect in that all medical services will be covered by the National Health Insurance. In alignment, there are important tasks to solve: attaining a proper fee schedule, reforming the healthcare delivery system, and improving healthcare quality. This plan is a symptom oriented action in that it is limited in reducing patients' out-of-pocket money, unlike the systematic approach of the National Health Insurance. The sustainability of the National Health Insurance is being threatened due to South Korea's low birth rate, rapidly aging society, and low economic growth, in addition to the unification issue of the Korean Peninsula, medical utilization of the elderly, management of non-communicable diseases, and so on. Therefore, the Government needs to plan the National Health Insurance system reformation including actions addressed toward medical consumers.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2019

Sparganosis is a parasitic infestation caused by sparganum, a plerocercoid tapeworm larva of the genus Spirometra. Since the first case of human sparganosis reported in 1908, sparganosis has been a global disease, and is common in China, Japan, and Southeast Asian countries. Consumption of raw snakes, frogs, fish, or drinking contaminated beverages are sources of human infections. Human sparganosis usually manifests in subcutaneous fat in areas such as the abdomen, genitourinary tract, and limbs. Breast sparganosis cases are rare, representing less than 2% of total cases of human infections. Complete surgical extraction of the sparganum is the treatment of choice. Because of the rarity of the disease, clinical suspicion is vital to reach the diagnosis of breast sparganosis. Here we report 2 rare cases of breast sparganosis presenting with a painless breast lump, both treated with surgical excision and sparganum extraction.

• 농촌계획
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.123-136
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• 2020

The paradigm of rural development projects has shifted and expanded from agricultural production based on the way of improving the residential environments in order to achieve the quality of life staying in rural areas. The purpose of this study is to evaluate policy directions of rural development projects by investigating government projects conducted successively starting from the Participatory Government of President Roh in 2003 and to the present Government of President Moon. In consideration of administrative affairs, the projects include the Balanced National Development Project, Quality of Life Improvement and Regional Development for Rural Villages Projects. The study examined changes in visions and key agendas proposed in national affairs as well as those in the visions and strategies exhibited by local development project plans through various governments. The core contents examined are the project characteristics, transformation process through government changes, and the law of status pertaining to rural development projects. The direction of implementation for the rural development projects implemented by each government provide an opportunity of understanding the transformation process in each project that has been still effective currently. This study is expected to provide a basic set of data to be used for a proposal for new rural development projects while still being useful to be referred or integrated to other national and regional projects.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.22-39
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• 2004

이 연구는 국가기술자격제도 관리 운영체제에 대한 국가와 민간의 적절한 역할분담 체계가 무엇인지를 알아보고 이를 구축하기 위한 방안을 마련하고자 하는 데 목적이 있다. 이 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 국가기술자격제도 관리의 국가와 민간의 역할분담에 대한 방향을 탐색하였다. 또한 국가기술자격제도의 관리 운영 현황을 분석하여 국가중심의 자격제도 운영의 한계를 살펴보았으며, 자격제도 관리 운영에 대한 국가 및 민간의 역할 분담 방안을 제시하였다. 연구방법으로 관련자료의 수집 및 분석, 기업체(사내자격관리자), 업종별 협회(사업주 단체)를 대상으로 한 설문조사, 국가와 민간의 역할 분담 방향을 설정하기 위한 전문가 협의회 개최, 기업체 및 업종별 협회에 대한 의견수렴을 위한 면담조사 등이 실시되었으며, 자격제도 전문가를 중심으로 연구 협력진 구성하여 운영하였다.

• Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research
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• 제95권5호
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• pp.240-248
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to validate the synergistic effect of ABT-737 on docetaxel using MDA-MB-231, a triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line overexpressing B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2). Methods: Western blot analysis was performed to assess expression levels of Bcl-2 family proteins and caspase-related molecules. Cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell cycle distribution was determined by flow cytometry analysis. Benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethylketone (z-VAD-fmk) was used for pretreatment to assess the role of caspases. Results: Cell viability of MDA-MB-231 after combination treatment with ABT-737 and docetaxel was significantly lower than that after docetaxel or ABT-737 monotherapy based on MTT assay (both P < 0.001), with a combination index of 0.41. The proportion of sub-G1 population after combination treatment was significantly higher than that after docetaxel or ABT-737 monotherapy (P = 0.001, P = 0.003, respectively). Pretreatment with z-VAD-fmk completely restored cell viability of MDA-MB-231 from apoptotic cell death induced by combination therapy (P = 0.001). Although pro-caspase-8 or Bid did not show significant change in expression level, pro-casepase-9 showed significantly decreased expression after combination treatment. Cleaved caspase-3 showed increased expression while poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage was induced after combination treatment. However, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 totally lost their expression after combination treatment. Conclusion: Combination of ABT-737 with docetaxel elicits synergistic therapeutic effect on MDA-MB-231, a TNBC cell line overexpressing Bcl-2, mainly by activating the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Therefore, adjunct of ABT-737 to docetaxel might be a new therapeutic option to overcome docetaxel resistance of TNBCs overexpressing Bcl-2.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제84권3호
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• pp.217-225
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• 2021

Background: Despite the proven benefits of dexamethasone in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, the optimum time for the administration of dexamethasone is unknown. We investigated the progression of COVID-19 pneumonia based on the timing of dexamethasone administration. Methods: A single-center, retrospective cohort study based on medical record reviews was conducted between June 10 and September 21, 2020. We compared the risk of severe COVID-19, defined as the use of a high-flow nasal cannula or a mechanical ventilator, between groups that received dexamethasone either within 24 hours of hypoxemia (early dexamethasone group) or 24 hours after hypoxemia (late dexamethasone group). Hypoxemia was defined as room-air SpO₂ <90%. Results: Among 59 patients treated with dexamethasone for COVID-19 pneumonia, 30 were in the early dexamethasone group and 29 were in the late dexamethasone group. There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics, the time interval from symptom onset to diagnosis or hospitalization, or the use of antiviral or antibacterial agents between the two groups. The early dexamethasone group showed a significantly lower rate of severe COVID-19 compared to the control group (75.9% vs. 40.0%, p=0.012). Further, the early dexamethasone group showed a significantly shorter total duration of oxygen supplementation (10.45 days vs. 21.61 days, p=0.003) and length of stay in the hospital (19.76 days vs. 27.21 days, p=0.013). However, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and in-hospital mortality rates were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: Early administration of dexamethasone may prevent the progression of COVID-19 to a severe disease, without increased mortality.