• 보건행정학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.67-84
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• 2003

Immunization has been one of the most effective measures preventing from infectious diseases. However, children routine vaccination rate of Korea was 68.2% and it was not higher than expected. Korean government revised the School Health Law for every primary school children to submit the vaccination certificate record from 2005. It is quite important national Infectious disease prevention policy to keep the immunizations rate high and monitor the immunizations rate continuously. To do this, National Institute of Health introduced the National Immunization Registry(NIR) Program at 2000. Objective : The aims of this study was to evaluate the Immunization Registry program which has been implementing since 2000 at the Public Health Centers(PHC). Methods : The mail survey was done from November 2001 to January 2002. 169 (69%) Public Health Centers among 244 PHC were responded. Results : The respondents of PHC sud the Immunization Registry(IR) program had reduced the workload (18.5%). 69.2% said they inputted the immunization data into the IR program after the shots were given. 86.5% said they hadn´t checked or retrieved the children lists who had missed the scheduled immunization. Only 17.2% said the speed of internet for the R program was good. It showed that 20% of respondents hadn´t written down documents, records on immunization any more. Even there were a lot of negative results, the respondents of PHC thought that the IR program was effective. They especially agreed that the IR program could make the job accurate (81.5%), convenient (71.3%), and reduced the chances of making mistakes (71.3%), increase the service quality (78.5%). And they were well adapting the job process of the IR (79.63%). Bivariate analysis showed that the software program was the important determinants of IR success. The only Bit Computer software program has been evaluated to be less satisfactory than the Integrated (Posdata operating system + Bit software) program. Other variables, such as age, duration of present job, and location of PHC (metropolitan, small city, rural area) were not significantly related. Conclusion : It seemed that the success of NIR might depend on the software program. Because Integrated program, which has been developed from 1994, include not only the general operating and management program for PHC but also IR program. It was natural to prefer Integrated program to Bit software program. So we can suggest that it is essential for the NIR to be successful that not only the immunization software program but also hardware equipments and public health information system should be further improved.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.183-204
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• 2005

본 연구 목적은 예방접종에 대한 교육홍보 기본 컨셉 도출, 매체 집행전략 개발, 매체시안 개발을 위해 광고전략 조사를 실시하여, 2000년대에 국가예방접종사업의 홍보고안을 위한 효과적인 전략을 제시코자 실시하게 되었다. 연구대상과 방법으로 우리나라 보건소 242개 중 169개 보건소에 종사하는 예방접종 담당자(242명)와 자녀의 예방접종을 위해 보건소에 내소한 보호자(1,193명)를 대상으로 구조화된 우편 설문조사를 실시하여 예방접종에 대한 주관적 중요도, 예방접종 사업에 대한 홍보 경험 및 수단, 예방접종에 대한 지식과 인식, 예방접종 홍보광고 전략개발을 위한 방안을 도출하기 위해 빈도 분석, t-검정, 일원분산분석을 각각 실시하였다. 조사결과로 예방접종 담당자는 예방접종에 대한 중요성을 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 예방접종 사업의 홍보 매체 경험율에 대해서는 예방접종 담당자는 91.3%, 보호자는 70.6%가 경험이 있다고 응답하였고, 일반대중이나 광고 전문인 모두 자주 접할 수 있는 TV, 지역신문, 팜프렛 등의 홍보광고 수단을 경험한 것으로 조사되었다. 예방접종에 대한 지식과 인식에 대한 조사에서는 예방접종 담당자가 예방접종에 대한 전문적인 지식을 갖고 있는 것으로 나타났고, 보호자는 예방접종에 대한 필요성과 중요성을 높게 인식하고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 예방접종 홍보매체의 선호도에서는 예방접종 담당자가 팜프렛 76.0%, 포스터 44.6% 순으로 나타났고 보호자는 TV 70.5%, 지역신문 39.2% 순으로 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 광고 포스터 색상 선호도 조사에서는 예방접종 담당자가 초록 32.0%, 노랑 19.9% 순이었고, 보호자 역시 초록 29.5% 노랑 22.0% 순으로 나타났다. 광고 스타일 선호도 조사에서는 예방접종 담당자는 유명인사나 연예인이 예방접종으로 인해 일상생활이 활기차고 건강하다는 생활 장면을 보여주는 스타일로 구성해야 함을 알 수 있었다. 캠페인용 슬로건의 선호도 조상에서는 예방접종 담당자와 보호자 모두 긍정적 메시지를 선호하였다. 연구를 통해 예방접종 사업의 중단기 홍보전략에 대한 실행방안 구체화와 비교평가를 통한 가장 효율적인 홍보 방안을 제시하기 위한 연구사업이 필요하며 이를 위해 현실적 대중 요구를 반영한 홍보매체 개발, 홍보전략에 근거한 홍보매체 개발, 매체에 대한 평가연구, 연구방법 및 평가가 요구된다. 또한 교육홍보매체에 활용될 표준매체 제작 및 집행지침의 개발이 필요하다고 할 수 있다. 무엇보다도 이러한 사업의 추진을 위해서는 정부 또는 국가 공공기관의 예산 투자, 인력 투입과 활용 등을 통해 국가 예방 접종 사업이 활성화되길 기대한다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1151-1156
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• 2015

예방접종등록 정보시스템에 구축되어 있는 접종등록자료의 정확성, 중복성, 등록률 등을 분석하였다. 이를 통해 접종데이터 미등록 현황, 중복데이터, 누락데이터, 오류데이터 현황을 파악하였다. 또한 예방접종 등록 정보시스템의 접종등록자료의 품질 개선을 위한 품질관리 오류기준안을 마련하여 데이터베이스 품질관리체계 수립을 제안한다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2022

Single-cycle viruses generated by reverse genetic technology are replication-incompetent viruses due to the elimination of gene(s) essential for viral replication, which provides a way to overcome the safety problem in attenuated viruses. Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a major pathogen causing severe damage in cultured salmonid species. In the present study, we generated a single-cycle IHNV lacking the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domain in the G gene (rIHNV-GΔTM) and evaluated the prophylactic potential of rIHNV-GΔTM in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). To produce rIHNV-GΔTM, IHNV G protein-expressing Epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells were established. However, as the efficiency of rIHNV-GΔTM production in EPC cell clones was not high, fish were immunized with a low-tittered single-cycle virus (1.5 × 10² PFU/fish). Despite the low dose, the single-cycle IHNV induced significant protection in rainbow trout against IHNV infection, suggesting high immunogenicity of rIHNV-GΔTM. No significant difference in serum ELISA titers against IHNV between the rIHNV-GΔTM immunized group and the control group suggests that the immunized dose of rIHNV-GΔTM might be too low to induce significant humoral adaptive immune responses in rainbow trout. The involvement of adaptive cellular immunity or innate immunity in the present significantly higher protection by the immunization with rIHNV-GΔTM should be further investigated to know the protection mechanism.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.6208-6214
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• 2012

해양미세조류 유래 독성물질에 대한 이해와 활용에 있어서 가장 중요하지만 간과되고 있는 부분은 독성물질을 검출할 수 있는 빠르고, 쉽고 경제적인 검출기술을 개발하는 것이다. 이 논문에서 우리는 삭시톡신(STX)에 대한 항체를 생산하였다. 헤모시아닌(mariculture keyhole limpet hemocyanin, mcKLH)과 오브알부민(ovalbumin, OVA)을 운반단백질로 사용하였다. 면역반응을 위해서 mcKLH-STX 결합체를 BALB/c 쥐에 복강주사하였다. 채혈 후 항-STX 항혈청을 분리하였다. 항혈청의 역가분석을 위하여 유리 STX와 OVA-STX로 코팅된 microtiter plate를 이용하여 간접 ELISA 실시하였다. 발색반응을 위한 이차항체로는 goat anti-mouse IgG-phosphatase conjugate가 사용되었다. 항-STX 항혈청은 OVA-STX와 유리 STX에 특이적으로 반응하였다. 항-STX 항혈청의 민감도는 매우 높았으며, STX를 위한 검출한계는 약 64.9 ng/kg이었다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.337-341
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• 1999

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a positive strand RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family and the major cause of post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis. Vaccine development for HCV is essential but has been slowed by poor understanding of the type of immunity that naturally terminates HCV infection. The DNA-based immunization technique offers the potential advantage of including cellular immune responses against conserved internal proteins of a virus, as well as the generation of antibodies to viral surface proteins. Here, we demonstrate that cell lines expressing the HCV core and/or NS3 proteins can induce a specific CTL response in mice, and these results suggest a possibility that the HCV core and NS3 DNA can be used to induce CTL activity against the antigen in mice and can be further developed as a therapeutic and preventive DNA vaccine.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.118-125
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• 2012

CD40-CD40L-mediated help from CD4 T cells is essential to induce primary CD8 T cell responses specific to the non-inflammatory cell-based antigen H60. In this study, using H60 as a model antigen, we generated recombinant vaccinia viruses (rVVs) expressing the H60 CD8 epitope and investigated whether CD4 help was required to activate the CD8 T cell response specific to the virally expressed H60. The immune response after infection with rVVs expressing H60 was similar to that after immunization with H60 congenic splenocytes, with a peak frequency of H60-specific CD8 T cells detected in the blood on day 10 post-infection. A CD8 T cell response specific for virally derived H60 was not induced in CD4-depleted mice, but was in CD40-deficient mice. These results provide insights into the characterization of the CD8 T cell response specifically for antigens originating from cellular sources compared to viral sources.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.256-266
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• 2017

Background: Primary health care (PHC) plays a major role to ensure the basic right and equal distribution of the essential health care services. This study presents comparative analyses of PHC in Korea and Uzbekistan, discusses the existing scenario and the challenges, and provides recommendations. Methods: This study reviewed secondary data from Korea's National Statistical Information Service and the State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Statistic, regulatory legislation, research reports, and policy papers by research and international institutions. We focus on comparing input and outcome health data, PHC structure, and health expenditure. Results: Overall health status of the population in Korea is better than in Uzbekistan; both countries achieved more than 95% immunization coverage. The reforms implemented in both countries provide initial health care service delivery. However, there are several challenges such as the distribution of the staff between urban and rural areas and interest of the graduates on specialization rather than working in PHC system. Conclusion: PHC plays an important role in the provision of medical services to the population, addressing both health and social problems; it is the best tool for achieving universal coverage for basic health needs of the population. The community health practitioners in Korea and nurses in Uzbekistan plays main role in universal coverage through providing essential health care services. Continuous reform of the PHC system should be directed to strengthen the capacity of the PHC staff in health promotion knowledge and activities as well as to encourage population to improve their own health.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제42권12호
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• pp.869-883
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• 2019

Interleukin (IL)-15 is an essential immune-modulator with high potential for use in cancer treatment. Natural IL-15 has a low biological potency because of its short half-life and difficulties in mass-production. IL-15Rα, a member of the IL-15 receptor complex, is famous for its high affinity to IL-15 and its ability to lengthen the half-life of IL-15. We have double-transfected IL-15 and its truncated receptor IL-15Rα into CT26 colon cancer cells to target them for intracellular assembly. The secreted IL-15:IL-15Rα complexes were confirmed in ELISA and Co-IP experiments. IL-15:IL-15Rα secreting clones showed a higher anti-tumor effect than IL-15 secreting clones. Furthermore, we also evaluated the vaccine and therapeutic efficacy of the whole cancer-cell vaccine using mitomycin C (MMC)-treated IL-15:IL-15Rα secreting CT26 clones. Three sets of experiments were evaluated; (1) therapeutics, (2) vaccination, and (3) long-term protection. Wild-type CT26-bearing mice treated with a single dose of MMC-inactivated secreted IL-15:IL-15Rα clones prolonged survival compared to the control group. Survival of MMC-inactivated IL-15:IL-15Rα clone-vaccinated mice (without any further adjuvant) exceeded up to 100%. This protection effect even lasted for at least three months after the immunization. Secreted IL-15:IL-15Rα clones challenging trigger anti-tumor response via CD4⁺ T, CD8⁺ T, and natural killer (NK) cell-dependent cytotoxicity. Our result suggested that cell-based vaccine secreting IL-15:IL-15Rα, may offer the new tools for immunotherapy to treat cancer.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.1165-1176
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• 2019

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), produced by Clostridium botulinum, are the most toxic substances known. However, the number of currently approved medical countermeasures for these toxins is very limited. Therefore, studies on therapeutic antitoxins are essential to prepare for toxin-related emergencies. Currently, more than 10,000 Halla horses, a crossbreed between the native Jeju and Thoroughbred horses, are being raised in Jeju Island of Korea. They can be used for equine antitoxin experiments and production of hyperimmune serum against BoNT/A1. Instead of the inactivated BoNT/A1 toxoid, Halla horse was immunized with the receptor-binding domain present in the C-terminus of heavy chain of BoNT/A1 (BoNT/A1-HCR) expressed in Escherichia coli. The anti-BoNT/A1-HCR antibody titer increased rapidly by week 4, and this level was maintained for several weeks after boosting immunization. Notably, $20{\mu}l$ of the week-24 BoNT/A1-HCR(-immunized) equine serum showed an in vitro neutralizing activity of over 8 international units (IU) of a reference equine antitoxin. Furthermore, $20{\mu}l$ of equine serum and $100{\mu}g$ of purified equine $F(ab^{\prime})_2$ showed 100% neutralization of 10,000 $LD_{50}$ in vivo. The results of this study shall contribute towards optimizing antitoxin production for BoNT/A1, which is essential for emergency preparedness and response.