• Spatial Information Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.53-64
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• 2015

Several countries have built National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) for information sharing among various fields. One of the important factors of NSDI is framework data, which is the most commonly used geospatial data across various fields. Previous studies on the framework data suggest components based on frequency survey and case study. However, such research methods do not have objectivity in setting the components of the framework data. This research uses factor analysis with 104 medium-level layers from the most widely used National Base Map and 5 layers from the other sources including cadastre and aerial image. Each layer is scaled with usage level as four different patterns of 1) background data, 2) reference data, 3) base data, and 4) other data, respectively. The analysis results show that the layers are grouped into 5 to 7 factors according to the patterns. ANOVA reveals that the mean differences between the factors with high values and the other factors with low values under each pattern are statistically significant. Such high value factors under each pattern consist of similar layers, close to identical, with those under the other categories. This research proposes framework data system, including transportation, building, hydrography, elevation, administrative district, digital orthoimagery, geodetic control, and cadastral based on the analysis results. Proposed framework in this research will be a basis of establishing spatial data sharing system. For sharing proposed framework data in various fields, these data must be established and distributed as actual standard and also related future researches should be performed.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.557-567
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• 1998

In order to utilize the data obtained during the deep-sea resources exploration program, the analysis of data structure and database were conducted to develop an appropriate data operating system called Deep-sea Database System. The Relation Data Base Management System, RDBMS, was chosen as a data managing system and the MS Access$^{TM}$ as a DB engine, and the MapInfo$^{TM}$ software as GIS tools. Problems in networking and security were detected and solved during the operation test. Accordingly, development of standardized operative procedure was proposed in obtaining raw data. This proposal will also be reflected in the subsequent phase of the deep-sea program. The Deep-sea Database System could be applied to the selection of potential mining sites and the estimation of economical efficiency over th KODOS (Korea Deep Ocean Study) region. It is also expected that this system might improve the efficiency of detail survey and help in the relinquishment process as a fulfillment of the obligation as a pioneer investor.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.47-61
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• 2011

This study examined the background and change of building Yeongam eupseong and characteristics and construction method of its spatial structure. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, Yeongam eupseong was built for the same purpose of national border defense against the invasion of Japanese army as other Eupseongs were built and it was found first in the literature in the era of King Munjong of Joseon Dynasty with the scale of three gates and 4,369 cheok of castle wall. Such a scale was continued and in particular, according to flat structure, road network and gate position shown in the map, the form and road system of Yeongam eupseong before the 19th century were mostly identical with the current ones. Second, castle wall was built over foundation by using talcum after leveling the foundation soil and castle wall can be divided into outer wall, filling part and inner wall from the section. Outer wall was constructed by inserting and layering pebbles with big irregular stone, filling part was made with talcum and riprap and inner wall with soil in several layers by keeping gradient. This building method showed common features in inserting and layering pebbles for outer wall, use of protruded base and section form compared to Jeollado Eupseong.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.307-313
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• 2013

Forest Survey consists of road survey, topographic survey, tree mapping survey, stream survey and also ridge survey. Information from forest survey is important and become essential in preparing base map to be used for forest harvesting planning and control. With the current technologies technique of data processing and mapping from traditionally hand drawn method had shifted to a computer system particularly the use of Computer Aided Design (CAD). This gives great advantages to the forest managers and logging operators. However data processing and mapping duration could be further reduced by integrating CAD with other established software such as Microsoft Excel. This time study to show that there is significance difference in term of duration for data processing and efficiency using AutoCAD in combination with Microsoft Excel program as compare to the use of AutoCAD program alone. From the study, it shows that the integration of AutoCAD and Microsoft Excel is able to reduce 70% of duration for data processing and mapping as compared to the use of AutoCAD program alone.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.67-74
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• 2020

Despite its ecological importance of wetlands in our life, wetlands around cities and villages have been steadily disappearing. It is mainly due to either natural geological changes or man-made causes such as permitted land zone changes for the purpose to convert to agriculture land. This study aims to establish a comprehensive database of wetlands using GIS in a historic conservation city Gongju City. The systemic data management would enable to identify distribution of wetlands and their ecological attributes, and to estimate the conservation value of the wetlands. The data base will be able to use in strategic way to preserve the local ecological areas for local residents and tourists and manage the quality of wetlands in the historic and conservation city. For the purpose, it is suggested organising a wider network with not only local residents but local authorities and relevant stakeholders would be beneficial. This study also recommends that long-term strategic plan to preserve the existing wetlands. This study findings as a seminal case example can be used to apply to other geographical areas of the country and can contribute to create a national ecological nature map as well as evaluate the attributes and quality of natural ecosystem service of the region.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.2 no.2 s.4
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• pp.67-79
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• 1994

Recently, the rapid economic growth has caused urban problems due to the increase of urban population and the rapid expansion as a result of exodus phenomenon in rural territories. In order to solve the problems, we need to perform rational and effective plans for national land development. Generally, we need speedy and accurate topographical information of the object area to go ahead with balanced national land development. Acquisition method for topographical data include utilization of existing geographic information such as national base maps and related thematic maps and grasping of accurate present condition of object area using aerial photographies or satellite images. When the object area is small, existing methods for acquiring topographical information reveals imitations in accuracy, speed and economic aspect. Therefore, development of a new method is in order. As a result of this study, we recogized that Photo Balloon System to be manufactured and digital ortho-map to be generated could be used to obtain a topographical information for small areas.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.340-349
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• 2008

This study investigated the mapping errors induced in learning the concept of reaction rate with analogies, and compared these mapping errors by the analogy presentation types. Tenth graders (N=418) at a high school were assigned to the four groups by the target concepts and the analogy presentation types. The target concepts were 'concentration and reaction rate' and 'temperature and reaction rate'. In presenting analogy, the verbal and the verbal/pictorial analogs were used. After the students learned one of the analogs, a mapping test was administered. From the analysis, eight types of mapping errors were identified: overmapping, artificial mapping, failure to map, rash mapping, mismapping, mapping of a superficial feature, retention of a base feature, and impossible mapping. According to the analogy presentation types and the features of the target concepts, there were some differences in the frequencies of mapping errors. Educational implications of these findings are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.215-222
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• 2017

The potential change of the cultivation area of main citrus cultivars, satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) and 'Shiranuhi' mandarin hybrid [(Citrus unshiu ${\times}$ C. sinensis) ${\times}$ C. reticulata] were determined with base year (1981 to 2010) to 2090. The meteorological data provided by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA), and the digital agricultural climate map of 30m-solution based on the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 8.5 was used for projection of potential cultivation area. As a result, the potential suitable region of satsuma mandarin included almost Jeju region during base year. At the 2030s, the potential suitable region of satsuma mandarin increased and the cultivable region also increased focused on the coast region of Jeonnam province. From the 2060s, the suitable area spread out to mountain area of Jeju, Jeonnam, Gyeongnam, and the coast region of Kangwon, and the cultivable region expanded to the area of Gyeongbuk, Chungnam, and Jeonbuk. In the case of 'Shiranuhi' mandarin hybrid, the suitable region included only the partial coast area of Jeju, and cultivable area covered Jeju region and the partial southern coast of Jeonnam during the standard period. At the 2030s, the suitable region of 'Shiranuhi' included the current cultivation area of satsuma mandarin, and the cultivable region moved to northward by the partial southern coast region. At the 2090s, the slightly increased suitable region covered all Jeju regions, Jeonnam, Gyeongnam, and the coast area of Kangwon, and the cultivable region proceeded northward focusing on the coastline. In conclusion, the prediction of the potential land for citrus cultivation based on the RCP 8.5 showed that the suitable region of satsuma mandarin decreased, whereas that of cultivation of 'Shiranuhi' increased. Moreover, it was forecasted that citrus cultivation area would extend to Kangwon region at the end of the $21^{st}$ century.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2007

A/R CDM(Afforestation/Reforestation Clean Development Mechanism) in Kyoto Mechanism means, either afforestation in the area used for other purposes more than 50 years or reforestation in the area used for other purposes on December 31st in 1989. South Korea has few sites due to the successful forestation in the past, but North Korea has not reforested the deforested lands since the mid-1970's. So these areas need to apply A/R CDM Project for restoration. The purposes of this study are to make a time series analysis in deforested areas and to estimate a feasibility of A/R CDM. To find the site satisfying A/R CDM business definition, land cover classification was applied using satellite images of the mid-1970's with good forestation, late 1980's including A/R CDM base year, and recent 2000's, and the chronological change was analyzed to categorize the possible sites. The North Korean topographical map of 1977 was used to verify land cover classification degree of 1970's, the land cover classification results made by the Ministry of Environment in 2000 were compared to verify the accuracy of 1980's results, and the land cover classification results in 2000's were verified by 2 site visits. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. The eligible A/R CDM sites are 605,156ha on the basis of the forestation change analysis in North Korea. Since the mid-1970's, 30.8% of the decreased forestation area of 1,966,306ha was classified into A/R CDM eligible sites. While other countries have the limited eligible sites, which has not been used for forestation since 1989 or which is being scattered, North Korea has large scale sites. Deforested sites are mainly around road and residential area, consequently give better accessibility for forestation than other countries. In conclusion, it is found that North Korea can provide efficient site for applying A/R COM Project to forestation restoring deforested land because of easy accessibility and existence of many possible sites due to artificial deforestation. Also, it is meaningful that the study suggests the application possibility of A/R COM Project to restore deforested land in North Korea and the related basic information through the chronological classification of the mid-1970's with good forestation, the late-1980's including A/R COM base year, and recent 2000's. It is expected that the study contributes to revitalization of A/R CDM Project and related research on North Korea forestation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.3
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• pp.364-371
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• 2019

This study was conducted to provide the basic information for a reasonable forest management plan and sustainable forest management by developing a dominant tree height growth model using diameter at breast height (DBH) and site index curves for Pinus densiflora and Chamaecyparis obtusa growing in Jeolla-do. The altitude, slope, orientation, soil type, height and DBH of a dominant tree, and the ages of trees were measured for 3055 Pinus densiflora trees (611 plots) and 3345 Chamaecyparis obtusa trees (699 plots), and these data were used to develop a customized afforestation map. In the dominant tree height growth model, the relationship to DBH was used in the Petterson, Michailow, and log equations. Also, a dominant tree height growth model in relationship to age used the Chapman-Richards, Schumacher, and Gompertz equations. The Petterson equation, which has a lower mean square error, was used to model dominant tree height growth in relationship to DBH. In the model of dominant tree height growth in relationship to age, three kinds of equations were considered to have little statistical difference. Therefore, the Chapman-Richards equation was chosen for modeling on the national level. Thirtyyears was used as the base age, which is an important factor for estimating the site index curves. In the results, a more varied range of site index family curves with 6-18 was developed for Pinus densiflora, and with 6-22 for Chamaecyparis obtusa. As the new site index curves indicated influences on growth of Pinus densiflora and Chamaecyparis obtusa, a reasonable forest management plan will be possible in the future for Jeolla-do.