• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.687-696
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate effects of hesperidin and naringin on linpid peroxide formation and antioxidative enzyme activities in rats. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentrations were measured in plasma and liver. Catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were measured in erythrocyte and liver. Forty-nine male Sprague-Dauley rats weighing 275.3$\pm$3.3g were blocked into seven groups according to body weight and were raised fro four weeks on diets containing 0.25, 0.50 or 1.00%(w/w) hesperidin or naringin . Food intake, weight gain , food efficiency ratio, and weights of liver, kidney, spleen ,and epididymal fat pad were not significantly different among groups. In 0.50 and 1.00% naringin groups , plasma TBARS concentrations were significantly decreased with a dose response patter. In 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00% hesperidin groups, liver TBARS concentrations were significantly decreased without a dose dependent patter. Antiosidative enzyme activities in erythrocyte and liver were not significantly affected by type and amountof dietary bioflavonoid, but in the 1.00% hesperidin group, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutahione perosidase activities in linver showed a tendency to increase. In conclusion, naringin inhibited lipid peroxide formation with a dose response pattern in plasma without changing the activities of antioxidative enzymes. Hesperidin adminstration, regardless of the level in the diet, inhibited lipid peroxide formation in liver.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2014

The Ponciri fructus immaturus (Poncirus trifoliata Rafinesque) has been used in oriental medicine for uterine contraction, stomachache, abdominal distension and cardiovascular diseases. Two main compounds, poncirin and naringin were successfully analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and carried out method validation according to ICH guideline. A successful resolution and retention times were obtained with a $C_{18}$ reversed phase column, at an $1m{\ell}min^{-1}$ flow rate, with a gradient elution of a mixture of methanol, water and acetonitrile. Poncirin and naringin showed good linearity ($R^2$ > 0.999) in relatively wide concentration ranged. The recovery of each compound was 95.81 ~ 101.48% with R.S.D. values less than 1.0%. The application of ultrasound-assisted extraction was shown to be more efficient in extracting poncirin and naringin from Ponciri fructus immaturus. The predicted optimal poncirin and naringin yield were poncirin 2.15%, naringin 1.65% under an extraction temperature of $40^{\circ}C$, an extraction time of 10 min in a solvent of 70% methanol.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.411-417
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• 2002

Effect of temperature(room temperature and boiling) and content of citrus peel(0.1∼6.0%) on the extractable hesperidin and naringin in the vinegars(apple, brown rice and persimmons) and also, dietary effect in hyperpiesia rats on blood pressure, biochemical changes were investigated. Extractable amounts of hesperidin and naringin in persimmons and brown rice vinegar were higher than those of apple vinegar in the both extraction of room temperature and boiling. Hesperidin and naringin contents showed highest in the one day extraction at room temperature when citrus peel was below 1% but, 3∼5 days extraction was optimum when the peel was above 2%. Hesperidin and naringin contents showed maximum at 2 hours extraction in case of boiling. Neutral lipids, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in blood, and blood pressure(reduction of 10.7∼33.2 mmHg) of the hyperpiesia rats took in 0.5% apple vinegar with 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6% citrus peel powder for 4 weeks were lower or reduced than those of control groups. But HDL cholesterol was higher than that of control groups.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.55.1-55.17
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• 2021

Background: Naringenin and its glycoside naringin are well known citrus flavonoids with several therapeutic benefits. Although the anti-adipogenic effects of naringenin and naringin have been reported previously, the detailed mechanism underlying their anti-adipogenesis effects is poorly understood. Objectives: This study examined the anti-adipogenic effects of naringenin and naringin by determining differential gene expression patterns in these flavonoids-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Methods: Lipid accumulation and triglyceride (TG) content were determined by Oil red O staining and TG assay. Glucose uptake was measured using a 2-[N-(7-Nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-d-glucose fluorescent d-glucose analog. The phosphorylation levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl Co-A carboxylase (ACC) were observed via Western blot analysis. Differential gene expressions in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were evaluated via RNA sequencing analysis. Results: Naringenin and naringin inhibited both lipid accumulation and TG content, increased phosphorylation levels of both AMPK and ACC and decreased the expression level of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that 32 up-regulated (> 2-fold) and 17 down-regulated (< 0.6-fold) genes related to lipid metabolism, including Acaca, Fasn, Scd1, Mogat1, Dgat, Lipin1, Cpt1a, and Lepr, were normalized to the control level in naringenin-treated adipocytes. In addition, 25 up-regulated (> 2-fold) and 25 down-regulated (< 0.6-fold) genes related to lipid metabolism, including Acaca, Fasn, Fabp5, Scd1, Srebf1, Hmgcs1, Cpt1c, Lepr, and Lrp1, were normalized to the control level by naringin. Conclusions: The results indicate that naringenin and naringin have anti-adipogenic potentials that are achieved by normalizing the expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes that were perturbed in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.102-106
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bioflavonoids naringin on dental caries and periondontal disease in the albinorat. Twenty-five-day-old-male rats were fed the experimental diets for 42 days in this work at the end of the 42-day experimental period. The tooth surfaces were examined under a dissecting microscope. The sulcular caries lesions were recorded : the first molars were more affected than the second and third molars. Alveolar bone loss was measured on the buccal and lingual aspects of each molar: three site measurements (mesialpoint midpoint and distalpoint) were taken on the first molars. The results showed that the bioflavonoids, naringin had beneficial effects in the prevention of periodontal disease.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.286-292
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• 1994

Poncirin and naringin which are the flavanone rhamnoglucoside showed anti-inflammatory activity as the major component of fruit of Poncirus trifoliata. Poncirin was metabolized by intestinal bacteria of human and rats. Among the human intestinal bacteria, Bacteroides JY-6 converted a poncirin to naringin, ponciretin-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside, naringenin-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside, naringenin and ponciretin and did a naringin to poncirin, ponciretin-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside, naringenin-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside, naringenin and ponciretin.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2015

Our previous study demonstrated that yuzu has an anti-platelet effect in rat blood. In the present study, we examined whether the anti-platelet effect of yuzu can be extended to human blood by investigating its ability to inhibit aggregations induced by various agonists in human platelet rich plasma (PRP). This study also investigated the underlying mechanism of yuzu focusing on ADP granule secretion, $TXB_2$ formations, and $PLC{\gamma}$/Akt signaling. The results from this study showed that ethanolic yuzu extract (YE), and its components, hesperidin and naringin, inhibited human platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner. YE, hesperidin and naringin also inhibited $TXB_2$ formation and ADP release. The phosphorylation of $PLC{\gamma}$ and Akt was significantly inhibited by YE, heperidin and naringin. Furthermore, we demonstrated that YE, heperidin and naringin has anti-platelet effects in rat ex vivo studies, and lower side effects in mice tail bleeding time studies. The results from this study suggest that YE, hesperidin and naringin can inhibit human platelet aggregation, at least partly through the inhibition of $PLC{\gamma}$ and Akt, leading to a decrease in $TXB_2$ formation and granule secretion.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.281-285
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• 2009

Rotenone, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, can induce the pathological features of Parkinson's disease (PD). In the present study, naringin, a grapefruit flavonoid, inhibited rotenone-induced cell death in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. We assessed cell death and apoptosis by measuring mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) and caspase (CASPs) activities and by performing 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Naringin also blocked rotenone-induced phosphorylation of Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase (JNK) and P38, and prevented changes in B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL2) and BCL2-associated X protein (BAX) expression levels. In addition, naringin reduced the enzyme activity of caspase 3 and cleavages of caspase 9, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and caspase 3. These results suggest that naringin has a neuroprotective effect on rotenone-induced cell death in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.53-56
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• 2004

The content of naringin and hesperidin of Yuzu were 95.54 and 103.99 in peel ; 65.77 and 77.18 in flesh ; 16.49 and 15.88mg％ in seed, respectively. When 10 mg％ of naringin and 5 mg％ hesperidin were treated with 10.0 units naringinase and 2.0 units of hesperidinase, they were decreased to 0.11 and 0.45 mg％, respectively. One percent of Japanese naringinase digested naringin and hesperidin that their final concentration were 0.54 and 0.09 mg％ in 30 minutes, while 5％ Amorepacific enzyme did until 0.26 and 0.04 mg％, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.11
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• pp.1737-1741
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• 2014

An HPLC method for determination of naringin was developed to standardize it as a marker compound in Goheung yuzu extract as a functional health food. Optimum results were obtained by C-18 column chromatography using solvent mixtures (A: 0.5% acetic acid, B: acetonitrile) as the stationary phase and mobile phase. The method was fully validated and sensitive with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0218 mg/L and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.0661 mg/L. The method showed high linearity (coefficient of correlation=0.9986) and high accuracy, as recovery rates of naringin at concentrations of 1, 0.5, 0.1, 0.05 mg/mL were in the ranges of 95.74~98.25%, 97.67~101.01%, 97.33~104.64%, and 95.53~106.82%, respectively. Intra-day and inter-day variation, which are measures of method precision, were 1.39~1.95% and 0.17~1.49%, respectively. Therefore, the method could be used without modification for determination of naringin as a marker compound in Goheung yuzu extracts.