• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2010

An efficient plant regeneration system has been developed for figleaf gourd (Cucurbita ficifolia Bouch$\'{e}$), which is exclusively used as a rootstock for cucumber. The protocol is based on results obtained from a series of culture experiments involving different parts of the cotyledons and various media. The culture of cotyledon explants was critical for the enhancement of shoot regeneration frequency. The lower parts of the cotyledon excised at the plumule base were found to display a markedly enhanced production of adventitious shoots compared to other cotyledon regions. Culture in silver nitrate-supplemented Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium was not beneficial for shoot regeneration and suppressed root regeneration. Efficient shoot regeneration was obtained on MS medium containing 1.0 $mg\;l^{-1}$ zeatin and 0.1 $mg\;l^{-1}$ indole-3-acetic acid. Regenerated shoots successfully elongated and rooted in medium containing 0.1 $mg\;l^{-1}$ 1-naphthalene-acetic acid after 10-15 days of subculturing. The plantlets were satisfactorily acclimatized in a greenhouse and grew into normal plants without any morphological alterations.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2006

In vitro mass multiplication of Vanilla planifolia was investigated using node as explant. Multiple shoots were developed in MS medium supplemented with $2.0mgl^{-1}$ 6-benzylaminopurine and $1.0mgl^{-1}$ $\alpha$-naphthalene acetic acid. Multiple shoots were maintained for 6-T weeks with regular subculturing at the end of $3^{rd}$ week onto fresh medium. The maximum number of shoots at the rate of 12.8 per node segment was achieved over a period of four weeks. The elongated shoots were separated from the shoot clusters and were transferred onto half strength MS medium supplemented with indole-3-acetic acid ($1.0mgl^{-1}$) over a period of 28 days for induction of roots. The development of roots was observed on $7^{th}$ day of incubation. The in vitro raised plantlets were transferred to poly-cups, covered with polyethylene sheets and maintained under shade net for 25 days for hardening. Finally these plants were transferred to field and recorded that 85 % of tissue cultured plants were survived. From the present study, a simple and efficient micropropagation protocol was developed for Vanilla planifolia using single node segments as explants.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2014

Lychnis wilfordii (Regel) Maxim is a rare and valued ornamental plant. Germination rate reached 46.6% when seeds were treated with $100mg{\cdot}l^{-1}$ GA (Gibberellic acid). The highest callus induction was observed in the leaf explants of the seedlings on MS medium containing specific concentrations of $0.5mg{\cdot}l^{-1}$ BA ($N^6$-benzyladenine) and $3.0mg{\cdot}l^{-1}$ NAA (a-naphthalene acetic acid). The adventitious shoot was formed in 97.3% of calli on 1/2 WPM (Woody Plant Medium) medium. Shoot elongation of in vitro propagated plantlets was no difference among various medium. The plantlets grew well after transferring to the pot. This in vitro propagation protocol should be useful for conservation of this endangered plant.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.155-160
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• 2005

Haloxylon recurvum (Locally known as Khar) is drought and salt tolerant plant of Thar Desert. This plant is a major biomass producer and has economic and ecological importance for the region. There is need for study on biology, propagation and genetic improvement for utilization of this plant for reclamation of saline soils. We report here on in vitro propagation of Haloxylon recurvum (Moq.) using nodal explant. Secretion of phenolic compound from explants was a major constraint for establishment of culture. This was checked by thorough washing and quick transfer of explant on fresh culture medium. Juvenile nodal explant with leaves was found suitable for culture establishment. Benzy-ladenine($4.0\;{\mu}M$) incorporated in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with additives (50 mg/L ascorbic acid and 25 mg/L each of adenine sulphate, arginine and citric acid) induced multiple shoots from nodal explant. Addition of $1.0\;{\mu}M$ naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) in combination with $4.0\;{\mu}M$ BAP improved the growth of axillary shoots. Further shoot amplification was achieved by repeated subculture of mother explants on fresh medium. Forty percent of the micropropagated shoots rooted on half-strength MS medium with $4.0\;{\mu}M$ indolebutyric acid (IBA) and 100 mg/L activated charcoal, at $28{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ and $60\%$ RH. Sixty percent of these plantlets were hardened in green house.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.31
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• pp.9-16
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• 2010

The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty is one of the World Heritage which should be conserved well. However, some of wax treated volume of the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty have damaged seriously. Currently a variety of efforts to conserve and restore the injured volumes are continued and many studies about the aging mechanism of the wax treated volume have being progressed. The analysis of VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) emitted from paper cultural heritage is one of the methods to understand the degradation pathway of paper cultural heritage. The analysis of VOCs emitted from paper cultural heritage has been mainly conducted by SPME (Solid Phase Microextraction) method. SPME is potable and simple method but it is difficult to collect all VOCs emitted from a book such as the Annals of Joseon Dynasty. The dynamic chamber system has generally used to do analysis of VOCs emitted from the building materials, furniture and electric appliances. The chamber system is possible to do quantitative and qualitative analysis by a continuous $N_2$ gas flow and the proper chamber which is able to gather all VOCs emitted from the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty. In this study, the most material among detected VOCs was Naphthalene. Naphthalene has used to prevent organic cultural heritage from being damaged by various microbes for a long time. Apart from Naphthalene, main VOCs were Acetic acid, 2-Chloroethanol, 2-Bromoethanol, Furfural, 1-Methylnaphthalene, Azulene, and 2,4-Dioctylphenol. Of these VOCs, Furfural especially was known for a marker which represents a different emission rate according to the aging level.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.248-253
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• 2001

These studies were carried out to examine the developmental process of galls caused by aphids in Rhus gavanica and the effects of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and ${\alpha}$-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on the tannin accumulation in the callus induced from that galls. The results are follows. The development of fist-shaped galls has begun at the beginning of June earlier than the case of finger-shaped galls, and also, the growth of fist-shaped galls has last to September longer than the period of finger-shaped galls. These results indicate that the life cycle and feeding activity of the aphids inhabited in fist-shaped galls were longer and mire active than the case of the aphids inhabited in finger-shaped galls. Tannin contents of fist-shaped galls revealed about 60${\sim}70%$ of total dry weights during the whole growth periods, however, the contents in finger-shaped galls were under 10% at the maximum value. These facts mean that finger-shaped galls seem to be as a habitat of aphids rather than as a major source of tannin such as fist-shaped galls. The growth of callus induced from fist-shaped galls was the most effective in the plot of $10^{-5}$ mole IAA, but the tannin accumulation in callus growth was not even caused in any plots of IAA treatments as wells as in any NAA plots. These results considered that the tannin accumulation in fist-shaped galls may be caused only in specific relation between host plant and life cycle of aphids.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.488-493
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• 2011

Callus culture initiation of strawberry (Fragaria${\times}$ananassa Duch.) was investigated at different Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium strengths, types and concentrations of plant growth regulators, and incorporating a cold pretreatment period to determine the optimal nutritional and environmental conditions. No high quality callus was induced on MS media without auxin regardless of medium strength. When 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) was combined with indole acetic acid (IAA), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), high quality callus were highly induced compared to medium supplemented with auxin alone. When $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ BA was combined with IAA, NAA, and 2,4-D, high quality callus induction was more effective than the medium supplemented with the other BA concentrations. The best combination of auxin and cytokinin for high quality callus induction was $1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ NAA and $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ BA. Although the differences in callus induction were not significant, high quality callus induction at half strength MS medium was more effective than at full strength medium. When $30g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ sucrose was added to the half strength MS medium, the rate of high quality callus induction increased. The optimum cold pretreatment temperature and period for high quality callus induction were $4^{\circ}C$ and 72 h, respectively. Regeneration rate of high quality callus increased in MS medium supplemented with thidiazuron.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.252-264
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• 2017

Tea is one of the most consumed beverages worldwide and the relatively high levels polyphenols is benefit for health. In this study, we developed an efficient system for proliferation of callus from 'Anji Baicha', a cultivar of tea (Camellia sinensis). Callus tissue was initially induced by culturing leaf explants on medium containing different plant growth regulators. For callus induction, thidiazuron (TDZ) was more effective than 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), ${\alpha}-naphthalene$ acetic acid (NAA), and $N^6-benzyladenine$ (BA). The frequency of callus induction from leaf explants reached 90.21% on $1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ TDZ and the developed callus was reddish and friable. We also tested the effect of different concentrations of NAA, 2,4-D, indole 3-acetic acid (IAA), BA, and TDZ, alone and in combinations, on callus proliferation. Medium supplemented with TDZ in combination with IAA was suitable for callus proliferation and accumulation of tea polyphenols. The growth index value and tea polyphenol content of callus cultured on MS medium containing $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ TDZ and $1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ IAA was maximally 1,351% and 23.24%, respectively, and the relative abundance of epicatechin was as high as 17.449%. We also measured the antioxidant activity of all samples and the callus with the highest tea polyphenol content also exhibited high potential radical scavenging activity.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.343-348
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• 2017

Cymbidium aloifolium (L). Sw. is an exquisite epiphytic orchid of the Kolli Hills (Eastern Ghats) of Tamil Nadu in Southern India. It is fast disappearing from its natural habitats due to deforestation and low germination rate in natural habitat. In the present study, an attempt was made to germinate the seeds from un-dehisced capsule of Cymbidium aloifolium (L). Sw under in vitro condition. The seed germination and protocorm development were recorded in three different well known media namely Knudson C (KC), Half strength Murashige & Skoog (1/2 MS) and Vacin & Went (VW) media. The highest seed germination of 90% was observed KC basal media after $30^{th}$ days whereas germination percentages were 40% and 30% on 1/2 MS and VW media respectively. The well-developed protocorm were transferred to KC media supplemented with 6-Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) where BAP (1.0 mg/l) and NAA (1.0 mg/l) together were found to be optimum for the highest shoot formation. About 90% of the shoots found to be well rooted after transfer to the KC medium differently supplemented with 1.5 mg/l Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1.0 mg/l Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Though rooting also took place in the two basic media but the duration was longer when compared with the hormone-supplemented media. The rooted plantlets were hardened and kept under greenhouse conditions which can be relocated in natural habitats.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.304-308
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• 2021

Iris koreana (Iridaceae) is an endangered plant native to Korea. In order to develop an in vitro propagation method, we investigated the effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and a-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on callus induction in different I. koreana tissues. In addition, we also investigated the effect of 2,4-D and Benzyl aminopurine (BA) treatments on adventitious shoot induction in viable calli and the effect of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on root formation in viable shoots. We found that callus production was highest with 1.0 mg/L NAA (94.4% cultured rhizome explants), and adding low concentrations of 2,4-D to BA containing media significantly increased the frequency of shoot primordial formation. The best rooting results were obtained with 1.0 mg/L IBA, on which 98% of regenerated shoots developed roots and produced an average of 7.4 roots within 45 days. This in vitro propagation protocol will be useful for conservation, as well as for mass propagation.