• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.335-344
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• 2023

This investigation presents nonlinear free vibration of a carbon nanotube reinforced composite beam based on the Von Kármán nonlinearity and the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory The material properties of the structure is considered as made of a polymeric matrix by reinforced carbon nanotubes according to different material distributions. The governing equations of the nonlinear vibration problem is delivered by using Hamilton's principle and the Galerkin's decomposition technique is utilized to discretize the governing nonlinear partial differential equation to nonlinear ordinary differential equation and then is solved by using of multiple time scale method. The nonlinear natural frequency and the nonlinear free response of the system is obtained with the effect of different patterns of reinforcement.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.214-224
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• 2004

Although the structure of carbon nanotubes is important factor characterizing its properties, it is very difficult to control the structure of carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and to predict the range of their diameter, which is the primary factor of MWNTs' physical properties. We tried to control the diameter of MWNTsby governing the feed injection temperature of floating catalyst method. The structure of MWNTs was influenced by the phase change of ferrocene fed as the catalyst,. The carbon nanotubes were very narrow at injection temperatures close to the sublimation pt. of ferrocene, in which most MWNTs had diameters in the range of 20$^{\sim}$30 nm. At injection temperatures between the boiling pt. and melting pt. of ferrocene, the diameters became larger and had broad distribution. However, at injection temperatures higher than the boiling pt., the diameters became narrow again and had very uniform distribution.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2000년도 제18회 학술발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.212-212
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• 2000

Since the first obserbvation of carbon nanotubes, extensive researches have been done for the synthesis using arc discharge, laser vaporization, and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Carbon nanotubes have unique physical and chemical properties and can allow nanoscale devices. Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes with high quality on a large area is particularly important to enable both fundamental studies and applications, such as flat panel displays and vacuum microelectronics. we have grown vertically aligned carbon nanotubes on a large area of Si substrates by thermal chemical vapor deposition using C2H2 gas at 750-950$^{\circ}C$. we deposited catalytic metal on Si susbstrate using thermal evaporation. The nanotubes reveal highly purified surface. The carbon nanotubes have multi-wall structure with a hollow inside and it reveals bamboo structure agreed with base growth model. Figure 1 shows SEM micrograph showing vertically aligned carbon nanotubes whih were grown at 950$^{\circ}C$ on a large area (20mm${\times}$30mm) of Si substrates. Figure 2 shows TEM analysis was performed on the carbon nanotubes grown at 950$^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. The carbon nanotubes are multi-wall structure with bamboo shape and the lack of fringes inside the nanotube indicates that the core of the structure is hollow. In our experiment, carbon nanotubes grown by the thermal CVD indicate base growth model.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.233-239
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• 2009

The electrocatalytic behavior of the PtCo catalyst supported on the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) has been evaluated and compared with commercial Pt/C catalyst in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell(PEMFC). A PtCo/MWNTs electrocatalyst with a Pt:Co atomic ratio of 79:21 was synthesized and applied to a cathode of PEMFC. The structure and morphology of the synthesized PtCo/MWNTs electrocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. As a result of the X-ray studies, the crystal structure of a PtCo particle was determined to be a face-centered cubic(FCC) that was the same as the platinum structure. The particle size of PtCo in PtCo/MWNTs and Pt in Pt/C were 2.0 nm and 2.7 nm, respectively, which were calculated by Scherrer's formula from X-ray diffraction data. As a result we concluded that the specific surface activity of PtCo/MWNTs is superior to Pt/C's activity because of its smaller particle size. From the electrochemical impedance measurement, the membrane electrode assembly(MEA) fabricated with PtCo/MWNTs showed smaller anodic and cathodic activation losses than the MEA with Pt/C, although ohmic loss was the same as Pt/C. Finally, from the evaluation of cyclic voltammetry(CV), the unit cell using PtCo/MWNTs as the cathode electrocatalyst showed slightly higher fuel cell performance than the cell with a commercial Pt/C electrocatalyst.

• Composites Research
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.270-274
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• 2023

필라멘트 와인딩 공정을 사용한 FRP 복합재의 적층 구조는 기존의 FRP 복합재의 적층 구조와는 다를 뿐만 아니라 일반적인 적층 구조를 토대로 기계적 물성에 대해서 분석하고자 한다면 그에 대한 영향을 파악하는 것이 어렵다. 따라서 전반적인 성능을 향상시키기 위해 기계적 물성을 개선하고 교차 적층 구조를 최적화하는 것이 필수적이다. 따라서 본 연구는 비정질 할로이사이트 나노튜브(Amorphous Halloysite Nanotubes, A-HNT)를 5개의 층 배열을 통해 교차 적층 탄소 섬유 강화 플라스틱(CFRP) 구조의 저속 충격 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하는 것을 목표로 한다. 중량 낙하식 충격시험을 통하여 라미네이트의 저속 충격 특성을 확인하였으며, 충격을 가한 후에 현미경을 통하여 충격 파손 모드와 손상 정도를 비교 평가하였다. 나노 입자의 첨가 여부에 따른 각각의 교차 적층 구조 라미네이트를 10 J과 15 J의 충격에너지에서 비교하였다. 10 J의 경우 흡수에너지는 각 구조에서 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 그에 비해 15 J의 경우 흡수에너지는 각 구조에서 다른 흡수에너지를 가지며, 나노 입자가 첨가되지 않은 구조가 가장 높은 흡수에너지를 가진다. 또한 광학현미경을 통하여 각 구조에서 다양한 충격 파손 모드가 관찰되었다.

• 대한치과재료학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.243-256
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 생체활성 타이타늄 차폐막의 제조에 필요한 기초적인 자료를 얻기 위해서 타이타늄 박판의 양극산화처리와 석회화 순환처리의 조건 및 이들 표면처리가 표면특성과 생체활성도에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하였다. $30{\times}20{\times}0.08mm$의 타이타늄 판을 준비한 다음 $HNO_3:HF:H_2O$를 12 : 7 : 81 로 혼합한 용액에서 10 초 동안 산세처리 후 사용하였다. 타이타늄 차폐막의 비표면적을 증가시키기 위해서 나노튜브 $TiO_2$층을 형성한 후, 하이드록시아파타이트의 석출에 따른 생체활성도를 개선하기 위해서 석회화 순환처리를 하였다. 표면처리된 표면특성을 평가하기 위해서, 부식에 대한 저항성시험, 젖음성 검사, 유사체액 침적시험을 실시하였다. 양극산화처리로 형성된 나노튜브들은 상대적으로 큰 직경의 튜브들과 작은 직경의 튜브들로 구성되어 있었으며, 내부는 비어있고 외벽은 서로 결합되어 있는 구조를 보였다. 연속적으로 시행된 석회화 순환처리로 나노튜브층에 하이드록시아파타이트 석출물이 침투되어 결합이 일어났으며, 순환처리 회수가 증가함에 따라서 HAp 의 석출량이 비례적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 결론적으로, 타이타늄 차폐막의 표면에 나노튜브 $TiO_2$ 층을 형성한 후 석회화 순환처리를 하여서 HAp 의 석출을 유도하는 것은 생체활성도 개선에 크게 기여할 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Information Display
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2001

The growth of carbon nanotubes(CNTs) in anodic aluminum oxide(AAO) template and their application to a field emitter are described. AAO templates were fabricated by anodizing bulk aluminum and sputtered thin Al film on Nb-coated Si wafers. After Co catalyst had been electrochemically deposited into the bottom of the pores in AAO template, CNTs were grown by pyrolyzing $C_2H_2$. Depending on the reaction conditions, CNTs grew up to or over the top of the pores in AAO template with different structures. The morphology and structure of CNTs were observed with a scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope. The diameter of CNTs strongly depended on the size of the pores in AAO template and the growing conditions. The electron field emission measurement of the samples resulted in the turn-on field of 1.9-2.2 $V/{\mu}m$ and the field enhancement factor of 2450-5200. The observation of high field enhancement factors is explained in terms of low field screening effect.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.542-546
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• 2004

We report a new fabrication process for high performance triode type CNT field emitters and their superior electrical properties. The CNT-based triode-type field emitter structure was fabricated by the conventional semiconductor processes. The keys of the fabrication process are spin-on-glass coating and trim-and-leveling of the carbon nanotubes grown in trench structures by employing a chemical mechanical polishing process. They lead to strong adhesion and a uniform distance from the carbon nanotube tips to the electrode. The measured emission property of the arrays showed a remarkably uniform and high current density. The gate leakage current could be remarkably reduced by coating of thin $SiO_{2}$ insulating layer over the gate metal. The field enhancement factor(${\beta}$) and emission area(${\alpha}$) were calculated from the F-N plot. This process can be applicable to fabrication of high power CNT vacuum transistors with good electrical performance.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.347-360
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• 2017

The goal of this study is to fill this apparent gap in the area about vibration analysis of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) curved panels by providing 3-D vibration analysis results for functionally graded multiwalled carbon nanotubes (FG-MWCNTs) sandwich structure with power-law distribution of nanotube. The effective material properties of the FG-MWCNT structures are estimated using a modified Halpin-Tsai equation. Modified Halpin-Tsai equation was used to evaluate the Young's modulus of MWCNT/epoxy composite samples by the incorporation of an orientation as well as an exponential shape factor in the equation. The exponential shape factor modifies the Halpin-Tsai equation from expressing a straight line to a nonlinear one in the MWCNTs wt% range considered. Also, the mass density and Poisson's ratio of the MWCNT/phenolic composite are considered based on the rule of mixtures. Parametric studies are carried out to highlight the influence of MWCNT volume fraction in the thickness, different types of CNT distribution, boundary conditions and geometrical parameters on vibrational behavior of FG-MWCNT thick curved panels. Because of using two-dimensional generalized differential quadrature method, the present approach makes possible vibration analysis of cylindrical panels with two opposite axial edges simply supported and arbitrary boundary conditions including Free, Simply supported and Clamped at the curved edges. For an overall comprehension on 3-D vibration analysis of sandwich panel, some mode shape contour plots are reported in this research work.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2011년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.16.1-16.1
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• 2011

Gas sensor properties of $WO_3$ nanowire structures have been studied. The sensing layer was prepared by deposition of tungsten metal on porous single wall carbon nanotubes followed by thermal oxidation. The morphology and crystalline quality of $WO_3$ material was investigated by SEM, TEM, XRD and Raman analysis. A highly porous $WO_3$ nanowire structure with a mean diameter of 82 nm was obtained. Response to CO, $NH_3$ and $H_2$ gases diluted in air were investigated in the temperature range of $100{\sim}340^{\circ}C$ The sensor exhibited low response to CO gas and quite high response to $NH_3$ and $H_2$ gases. The highest sensitivity was observed at $250^{\circ}C$ for $NH_3$ and $300^{\circ}C$ for $H_2$. The effect of the diameters of $WO_3$ nanowires on the sensor performance was also studied. The $WO_3$ nanowires sensor with diameter of 40 nm showed quite high sensitivity, fast response and recovery times to $H_2$ diluted in dry air. The sensitivity as a function of detecting gas concentrations and gas sensing mechanism was discussed. The effect of dilution carrier gases, dry air and nitrogen, was examined.