• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.703-716
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• 2022

This study was conducted with students who had experience in purchasing nail products asa result of by taking the nail design course of the department of beauty at a junior college. The purpose of this study was to provide useful information to nail companies, including the importance of product elements and effective media promotion, to support the planning and promoting of nail products for beauty major students. Means analysis, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis were conducted on detailed characteristics related to nail beauty (degree of nail management, degree of contact with nail beauty media) and considerations for the purchase of nail products. The results were as follows: For beauty major students, it was concluded that the greater the interest in nail beauty, such as degree of nail management and degree of contact with nail beauty media, the greater the interest in product quality, purpose, and safety, which are practical product elements considered when purchasing nail products. It was also confirmed that Instagram and YouTube advertising media have a significant effect on promoting nail product brands for beauty major students. As the subjects of this study comprise beauty major students in their early 20s, there is a limit to expanding and applying the conclusions of this study to general nail product consumers. Therefore, in subsequent studies, analysise of a wider range of nail product consumers should be conducted through an expanded sampling method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.111-124
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• 2019

This study was conducted to identify the using self-nail products for the purpose of developing indicators to respond to changes in nail industry due to the evolution of consumption patterns caused by the spread of self-nail culture. The final analysis of 293 survey was conducted on female adults living in South Gyeongsang Province from September 1, 2018 to October 30, 2018. The study found that women in their 20s were more interested in nail care than in most cases. The main route of obtaining nail-related product information was the higher the use of SNS as the age was younger(${\chi}^2=185.048$, p<.001). According to a survey of 165 people who have experience with self-nail products, 53.3 percent of 'paste stickers' were the most common, followed by 39.4 percent of 'paste nail tips' and 7.3 percent of 'home care products'. Looking at the disadvantages of self-nail products, between groups under their 50s and over 50s group saw a significant difference(${\chi}^2=27.032$, p=.008). For those in their 50s or younger, 'the inconvenience of daily life' was considered a disadvantage. On the other hand, people in their 50s and older considered 'short duration' as a disadvantage. The lower the age, the higher the willingness to use continuously(${\chi}^2=14.308$, p=.006).We found that there were differences in preference for self-nail products according to age. It was noticed that there were differences in satisfaction and persistence. This suggests the need for more specific follow-up studies on the use of self-nail products by age group. Therefore, this research aims to present basic data for the development of direction and custom program for the professional nail industry to advance, thus providing basic data to help the development of nail industry in South Gyeongsang Province.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.67-80
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to clarify store attributes for nail stores (focusing on independent stores) by qualitative research. Even though the nail market is showing a steady increase in terms of sales amounts, and the number of stores, related studies were very rare. Meanwhile, as long as the nail market is growing, many stores are suffering from bad business performance because of new nail stores are relatively easier to open than beauty or hair stores, but the nail stores don't have a discriminated marketing strategy. As nail the market is rapidly increasing, finding factors that led to success for nail stores is very meaningful, both for academics and business. The reason that qualitative research should be done before the quantitative research is due to scant theoretical background concerning this matter. For this qualitative research, 8 experts who are operating nail stores as an owner or a manager or a professor at a university who had over 5 years of related working experience were included. The attributes for nail stores were derived using one-to-one in-depth interviews conducted from March 3 to May 31, 2019. As a result of the qualitative studon the attributes for nail stores, it turned out that there were 5 factors-physical environment, product, speed, profitability, and reliability. Physical environment, product, and profitability were mentioned in most related surveys, but some details showed that and speed and reliability have been newly highlighted. Many unknown issues that were not easy to acquire from common academic research are included. After this study, I hope that many marketers may get basic conditions to apply to real businesses and that they can use it as effective data for the following quantitative research.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.45-59
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to clarify that the effect of consumer's perception of nail store attributes has on intent to revisit (focus on independent stores) by performing quantitative research. The importance of nail stores is increasing with sales amounts and the number of workers, however, previous research in this area is not complete. The reason that this qualitative research should be done before the quantitative research is due to the scant theoretical background in this matter. As the nail market is steadily increasing, determining the factors to make a successful and influential store leading to revisits is very meaningful both academically and in business. For the quantitative study, consumers from 20 years old to less 60 years old who had purchased nail service at independent nail stores were included in the survey. Quota sampling was adopted in the areas where the independent nail stores were located from May 10th to May 30th, 2019, and 262 questionnaires were collected, and those containing insincere respondences were excluded. The most important nail store attribute was reliability (store name value, relationship with workers and A/S) and then the physical environment, economics, product, and promptness. The result depended on demographic factors- younger and lower-income respondents put a premium on the physical environment, promptness, and economics, on the other hand, older and higher-income respondents placed a priority on reliability. The correlation analysis result is that all store attributes (reliability, physical environment, economics, promptness, product) show a statistical significance. A multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the effects of nail store attribute importance on revisit intention. Promptness, economics, and the physical environment have a statistically significant effect on the consumer's revisit intention.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.79-93
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• 1996

The differentiation of nail matrix and fine structure of matrix cells were studied with light and electron microscope using specimens from nails of thumb finger in Korean fetuses 14 to 24 weeks old. Fetal nail matrix consisted of two horizontal layers, thicker ventral and thinner dorsal matrices, originating from invagination of epidermis in proximal nail field. Matrix being generally thicker in its distal region than the apex became gradually thickened with increase of the fetal age. Each matrix consisted of single layer of basal cells and multiple layers of squamous cells which are arranged close to and parallel to the central axis of the nail mairix. The process of keratinization of fetal nail matrix was noted to be occured concurrently in the ventral and dorsal matrices along the central axis of matrix toward distal and dorsal direction. Squamous cells became matured with accumulation of tonofilaments, increase of keratohyalin granules, discharge of membrane coating granules, and narrowing of intercellular spaces, thickening of plasma membrane and finally being transformed into horny cells of nail plate. Horny cells of nail plate filled with fibrous elements in the electron dense amorphous substance. These findings of keratinization process of fetal nail matrix appeared to be similar to those of keratinization in epidermis and inner root sheath of the hair. In the nail matrix, however, corresponding region to the keratogenous zone of growing hair follicle was not observed. Vacuolated squamous cells of nail matrix seen on light microscopy was considered to be artefactual product, but squamous cells with condensed small nuclei rarely found adjacent nail plate was considered to be one of the squamous cells with unknown function. Proximal end of nail plate was observed on dorsal surface of nail field distal to the proximal nail fold at 14 and 16 weeks old human embryos. Proximal prolongation of the proximal end of nail plate was occured with advancing fetal age and afterward 21 weeks nail plate invaded into nail matrix. Melanin granule containing cells and Merkel cells were present only on the basal layer of dorsal nail matirx.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.535-542
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• 2015

As the nail industry has grown, concerns on damages to natural nails due to nail services and interests on nail products have been increased. This study is on nail convergent strengtheners which reduce damages on natural nails, and especially focused on the use and awareness of nail strengtheners by nail technicians. First, documentary research on previous studies was conducted to define nail services, nail damages, and nail strengtheners. Preliminary survey and main survey was conducted by KSDC on-line survey tool and the result was analyzed by frequency analysis, cross analysis, and correlation analysis by KSDC advanced statistical program. As a result, nail technicians have the high level of awareness on characteristics, effects, how to use, and application process of nail strengtheners. Nail technicians are the mid level of awareness on the ingredients of nail strengtheners.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.318-325
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• 2019

This study analyzes current self-nail tips and nail-tip satisfaction. The study method selected from 3 domestic and 3 overseas companies analyzed current self-nail tips based on brand recognition and sales rate. A questionnaire was conducted on 261 adult women in their 20s and 50s about the satisfaction of nail care and self-nail tips. The results are as follows. As a result to analyze the current nail tips, there were products that did not contain the type of nail tip or the composition and ingredients of the glue. An online survey of the sizes of the current nail tips indicated differences in the sizing system method and that the presented sizes are different. The response rate was the highest for the survey results on why self-nail tips were preferred for respondents who prefer self-nail tips because the price was cheap. The reason why they did not prefer self-nail tips was that the degree of completeness was lower and the fitness was not good. In addition, it showed a high response rate in that the adhesive strength was poor and the size did not fit the nails. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a size for nail types by ergonomic design and develop a self-nail tip that can reduce nail damage.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.439-445
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• 2017

This study compares the safety of nail products by reviewing domestic and foreign literature for preparing a safety management plan for reduction of human body exposure to hazardous substances that occur in nail products. We analyzed the cases of exceeding the limit value of hazardous substances. In domestic artificial nail adhesive and nail tip, toluene content was 40.3 times higher than the standard value, chloroform was 22.8 times, and antimony was 15.4 times. In developed countries, it is obligatory to provide material safety data and workplace ventilation equipment through various policy researches. However, there is no safety standard in Korea. Therefore, if the regulations for safety management should be established with each characteristic of nail product, work environment, workers, and consumers, and the awareness of hazardous substance cosmetics should be improved through development and dissemination of various educational programs, it can contribute to disease prevention and health promotion.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.279-288
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• 2024

Fingernail-related content on YouTube is gaining popularity. This study aimed to present a new direction for nail content marketing and video production by identifying the current status of nail-related content on YouTube and factors affecting views. As for the research method, the study used the YouTube website, and the elements under analysis were classified into YouTuber characteristics (verbal characteristics, age group, gender, professional status, and celebrity status) and content characteristics (nail field, editing elements, and content). The results showed that standard language and terminology were generally used, and the proportion of YouTubers in their 30s was high. All nail-related content creators on YouTube were women, and they were found to be experts who worked as nail artists and nail content creators. As for the content characteristics, the proportion of art videos was high, and the video length was found mostly to be between 10 and 20 minutes. The editing elements included images, videos, and subtitles, and sound effects and background music were used frequently. Finally, it was found that the proportion of videos providing nail tips and know-how, product information, and procedures was high. This study identified factors that influence the number of views for nail videos. As a result, the study was able to present video production ideas for newcomers starting a nail-content YouTube channel, and this will be helpful in the development of nail content.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.1250-1253
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• 2008

As a reinforcement technique, the application of removable soil nailing has been extended to solve the public grievance of typical soil nailing such as the geotechnical environmental problem and invasion of adjacent land. In the case of removable soil nailing, pullout capacity of the nail depends on the adhesive strength of a fixed socket. Because the existing fixed socket is made from a plastic product, the strength of a socket is less than a steel bar and then the yield failure by abrasion and deformation is occurred on the steel bar-socket contact surface. In this study, therefore, experimental analysis from laboratory test of a removable soil nail equipped with steel socket, improving the adhesive strength of steel bar-socket connection is performed to estimate the increase effect of pullout capacity of a soil nail.