• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.195-207
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• 2016

In this study, we examined the influence of the pigment characteristic and dyeing condition on dyeing properties and functionality by using Perilla Frutescens L. Britt extracts, in which ethanol, distilled water and NaOH solution were used as 3 different solvents. Changes in dyeing conditions include variations in dye concentration, dyeing temperature, time and pH on dye uptake, and K/S values were compared according to these changes. Additionally, color changes were observed according to the use and types of mordant. Ultraviolet-visible spectrum was utilized to investigate the pigment characteristic, and as a result, chlorophyll was identified in ethanol extract, whereas tannin was identified both in distilled water extract and NaOH solution extract. By using FT-IR analysis, these tannins in distilled-water-extract and NaOH solution extract were verified to be hydrolyzable tannin. When dyeing silk, dye uptake increased as dye concentration, dyeing temperature and time increased, while it decreased as pH of the extract increased. Fabrics dyed without a mordant produced Y-series colors, and fabrics dyed with mordants showed various colors depending on the mordant types. Even though color fastness to washing and light was unsatisfactory, fastness to rubbing and perspiration showed relatively high grade. Moreover, deodorant ability of dyed fabric improved.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.77 no.3
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• pp.294-302
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• 1988

The experiment was carried out to investigate the properties of bark extractives form Larix epilepsies and to evacuate their suitability as a bonding agent. The yield and reactivity were measured to examine the influence of temperature and time and the effect of carbonation and sulfonation. To define the possibility of practical application as wood adhesives the viscosity and gelation time were measured at 33% concentration. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. As the both yield and reactivity were high, extraction for 2 hours at $80^{\circ}C$ was the optimal temperature and time. 2. The highest effect achieved at 1% $Na_2CO_3$ about carbonation and 1% $Na_2SO_3$ : $NaHSO_3$ and 0.25% $Na_2SO_3$ about sulfonation. The sulfonation of 0.25% $Na_2SO_3$ increased the yield and reactivity most highly. 3. By using hot water as extraction liquid the yield was 17.2%, while the addition of 1% and 5% NaOH to the extraction liquid increased the yield to 38.6% and 44.6%, respectively. 4. Hot water extracts showed the highest reactivity(68.8%). The addition of 1% and 5% NaOH led to decrease in reactivity(49.3% and 25.8%, respectively). 5. At 33% concentration of the extracts the viscosity appeared very variable. Significantly high values of viscosity was measured in 1% NaOH solution, while very low values appeared for 5% NaOH solution. 6. The shortest gelation time was determined at pH 7 to 10 and the highest at pH 4. The use of paraformaldehyde resulted in gelation times longer than those of 37% formaldehyde solution. 7. Except the sulfonation extracts of hot water and 1% NaOH, the other extracts were found unsuitable due to high viscosity(1% NaOH extracts, sulfonation extracts) or to curing inability(5% NaOH extracts, sulfonation extracts of 5% NaOH). 8. From the three extract solutions which appeared to be suitable for use as bonding agents the hot water extracts and the sulfonation extracts of hot water were superior in extract reactivity, while the sulfonation extracts of 1% NaOH exceeded the other two extracts in extract yield.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.260-264
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• 1993

In order to determine the stability of ginseng components in this salt concentration when used to ginseng as additive ingredient of sauces or seasonings, we study on the content and charactristic of ginsenosides and changes in pH and color, ginseng tail and ginseng extract were treated with various concentration of NaCl solution. In this experiment, extract of ginseng tail were increased in pH as NaCl concentration were increased, but ginseng extract have not changed evidently. The both solution were decreased in color as the salt concentration were increased. Yield of n-butanol extract was decreased in 5% NaCl concentration, while it was increased in the above concentration, and ginseng extract was changed higher than ginseng tail. Ginsenosides content were increased in 5% NaCl concentration, both $ginsenosied-Rb_1$, $-Rb_2$, -Rc, -Rd of diol line and ginsenoside-Re of triol line and increased in above NaCl concentration. Especially ginsenoside-Re showed to sensitive response to the changes of the salt concentration.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2013

Ferro-Nickel slag is a byproduct of Ferro-Nickel manufacturing process. Ferro-Nickel slag mostly discarded or used as aggregates despite having useful ingredients such as magnesium oxide and silicon oxide. This study tried to extract process for Mg ion using $H_2SO_4$ solution. And remove impurities and get high purity $Mg(OH)_2$ using NaOH. Mg ion was extracted with the Fe ion and other Ferro-Nickel slag composition by $H_2SO_4$ solution. It is important to control the pH because remove impurities and obtain high-purity $Mg(OH)_2$. The impurities were removed by precipitation of the hydroxides. After this process, we added NaOH and high-purity $Mg(OH)_2$ was obtained.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.441-446
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• 1988

Alkaline treatment during preparation of anchovy extracts was studied for its changes in some of the physicochemical and sensory qualities. The dried anchovy was blended in 0-0.5N NaOH solutions and then incubated at $60^{\circ}C$ for 6 hours. After extraction the suspensions were neutralized and centrifuged. The results showed that the yields of solids and protein were increased by 3-5 fold of those of water extract as alkaline concentration and treatment time increased. The intrinsic viscosity showed little changes for the extracts prepared with 0-0.2N NaOH solution while the extracts prepared with over 0.3N NaOH resulted a initial small decrease followed by a rapid increase to the maximum point. The changes in color expressed as Hunter 'L', 'a' and 'b' values showed that the L value increased rapidly until 3 hours of treatment followed by a decrease, and 'a' and 'b' values were increased a little. The intensities of odor and taste were markedly increased by 2-3 fold for all of the descriptions investigated where clam-like odor and taste and sea complex odor were particularly significant.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.9
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• pp.71-81
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• 1968

Defatted rice bran is mixed with diluted acid solution, the mixture is agitated some hrs. at constant temparature. After the mixture is filtered, thus filtrate is obtained. This filtrate is phytin extract solution. (Test-1) The alkali is added to this filtrate and filtered out, then the precipitation of phytin is obtained. (Test-2) At the test-1, the effect of kind of acid, conc. of acid, amount of extract sol'n., time of extraction, temp. of extraction, to the extract amount of phytin is tested. Consequently, the following facts are known. 1. Amount of phytin extract is greater HCI extraction than $H_{2}SO_4$ extraction. 2. At 0.3% HCI, the amount of phytin extract is greatest of all HCl extraction. 3. The sufficient amount of acid solution is 8-10 times of amount of defatted rice bran. 4. The time of extraction at room temperature is sufficient 8-12 hrs. 5. When extract temperature is $20-30^{\circ}C$, the amount of phytin extraction is greater of all temp. 6, When defatted rice bran 20 g is shanken with 160 ml of 0.3% HCl for 10 hr. at room temp., in this case the amount of phytin extract is 11.34% of defatted rice bran, it is 93% of theoretical yield. At the test-2 the effect of kind of precipitation agent, degree of nutralization to the amount of phytin prcipitation is tested. 1. Degree of nut. is best at pH 6.8-7.0. 2. When use of $Ca(OH)_2$ the amount of phytin precipitation is more than use of KOH, NaOH, or $NH_{4}OH$. 3. At pH 6.0-7.2, the solubility of phytin is followed. K-phytate > $NH_{4}-phytate$ > Na-phytate > Ca-phytate 4. When phytin extract solution is nutralized with $Ca(OH)_2$ to pH 7.0, the amount of phytin precipitation is 94.78% of theoretical yield.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.640-646
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• 2006

The present investigation was carried out particularly to optimize the extraction process of Poncirus trifoliata and Prunus mume to develop a functional foodstuff having antibacterial activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The extracts were prepared from the fruits under various conditions, and then optimum extraction conditions were decided in case maximal antibacterial activity was obtained. In extraction process by using hot water, the best antibacterial activity of Poncirus trifoliata was achieved at $80{\sim}100^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, while that of Prunus mume was achieved at $100^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, as showing 14.8 and 16.6 mm of inhibition diameter, respectively. The extraction process with addition of NaOH increased the activity of Prunus mume, but addition of $K_2CO_3$ and $NaHCO_3$ drastically decreased the activity. In the processes at high temperature up to $120^{\circ}C$ by using pressure extractor and with various concentrations of NaOH, the maximum activity was observed in the extract of Prunus mume at $120^{\circ}C$ for 30 min with 0.05 N NaOH. The fermented ethanol extract of the fruits showed less activity than those of the extracts with water and NaOH solution.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.3-8
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• 2001

This study was examed about leaching behavior in order to separate plasticizer selectively before dechlorination from flexible PVC material in alkali solutions at $80~120^{\circ}C$. The dechlorination of that was not almost occurred below $100^{\circ}C$. But the yield of elution of plasticizer was 100% above 5M NaOH. Therefore, by controlling alkali concentration and reaction temperature, it is possible to extract the plasticizer selectively without taking dechlorination.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1981

Glycyrrhizin (GA) content in licorice was determined by a couple of methods using HPLC, respectively. In Method(I), GA content itself was determined from the licorice aqueous extract, while in Method (II) glycyrrhetinic acid (GHeA ; the aglicone of GA) content corresponding to the quantity of GA was measured from the chloroform extract of the hydrolyzed product of licorice aqueous extract. A reverse phase column Hibar Lichrosorb RP-18 (E. Merck) was used as the stationary phase. As the mobile phase MeOH: $H_{2}O$(0.05M-$NaH_{2}PO_{4}$)=58 : 42 solution in Method (I), and MeOH: $H_{2}O $: AcOH=78; 19: 3 solution in Method (II) were suitable, respectively. The value obtained by Method (II) appeared slightly higher than that by Method (I). The effect of some other herbal drugs on the assay of GA quantity in mixed sample was also observed in both above two methods. By Method (I) Cassiae Cortex, Rehmaniae Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix, and Angelicae Radix gave the subtractive effect on the amount of GA compared with the value from licorice alone. In the case of Method (II) Cassiae Cortex and Rehmaniae Rhizoma appeared to have subtractive effect but Paeoniae Radix and Angelicae Radix scarcely showed any influence. Pachymae Fungus did not affect the GA content at all. It seems that glycyrrhizin in licorice interacts with certain components of other herbal drugs.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.488-492
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• 1988

The physicochemical properties of viscosity, color, acidity and volume of anchovy extract were measured for their changes during extraction with alkali solution and/or proteolytic enzymes. The dried anchovies were ground in 0.3N NaOH solution followed by hydrolysis with neutral or alkaline protease and centrifuged to obtain anchovy extract. The results showed that the volume of supernatant after centrifugation increased from 70% of water only extraction to 89% by combined alkali-enzyme treatment. Titratable acidity of the extract showed a tendency of a little increase while viscosiy decreased with prolonged enzymic hydrolysis. Changes in Hunter value of 'L', 'a', 'b' showed that the extract became darker and less yellowish as protease treatment prolonged.