• 제목/요약/키워드: NUC

검색결과 120건 처리시간 0.026초

산업별 혁신시스템과 R&D 지원서비스 : 엔유씨전자 사례를 중심으로 (Sectoral System of Innovation and R&D Support Service: Focused on the Case of NUC Electronics)

  • 김용열
    • 기술혁신학회지
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.362-381
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    • 2019
  • 본 논문에서는 기술혁신에 영향을 미치는 요인 중 산업별 혁신시스템과 R&D 지원서비스의 요인이 엔유씨전자의 사례에서 어떻게 작용하는지 살펴보았다. 엔유씨전자는 투입구 변경과 착즙률 개선의 기술혁신을 통해 높은 혁신성과를 달성하였다. 이는 산업별 혁신시스템의 각 구성요소가 엔유씨전자의 기술혁신과 부합하는 측면이 있었기 때문이다. 엔유씨전자의 성과향상은 자체적인 혁신노력과 함께 정부출연연구소의 R&D 지원서비스가 있었기 때문에 가능했다. 기술혁신 과정에서 제품설계와 가상실험 등 기업 스스로 해결할 수 없는 영역의 고차원적인 서비스를 받을 수 있었다. 중소기업에게 부족한 부분을 보완해주는 정부와 공공기관의 지원 역할이 중요했다고 할 수 있다. 산업별 혁신시스템의 각 구성요소별로 보면 새로운 기술기회가 많은 만큼 지속성이 낮다, 모방이 쉽고 전유성이 낮지만 복합적인 측면도 있다, 기술축적의 누적성은 비교적 높은 편이다, 외부지식의 활용 가능성이 높다, 주체와 네트워크 모두 중요한 역할을 하였다, 시장여건이 매우 유리하였다 등으로 요약될 수 있다. R&D 지원서비스의 측면에서는 직접적인 효과로서 스크류의 재질과 형상에 대한 가상실험을 통해 엄청난 시간과 비용의 절약이 이루어졌다는 점을 들 수 있다. 간접적인 효과로서는 외부지원에 의한 기술개발을 계기로 엔유씨전자의 자체적인 핵심역량이 크게 강화되었고 혁신의 선순환구조가 정착되었다는 점을 들 수 있다.

Phylogenetic Relationships of the Aphyllophorales Inferred from Sequence analysis of Nuclear Small Subunit Ribosomal DNA

  • Kim, Seon-Young;Jung, Hack-Sung
    • Journal of Microbiology
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    • 제38권3호
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    • pp.122-131
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    • 2000
  • Phylogenetic classification of the Aphyllophorales was conducted based on the analysis of nuclear small subunit ribosomal RNA (nuc SSU rDNA) sequence. Based on phylogenetic groupings and taxonomic characters, 16 families were recognized and discussed. Although many of the characters had more or less homoplasies, miroscopic characters such ad the mitic system and clamp, spore amyloidity and rot type appeared to be important in the classification of the Aphyllophorales. Phylogenetically significant families were newly defined to improve the classification of the order Aphyllophorales.

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Kinetics and Reaction Mechanism of Aminolyses of Benzyl 2-Pyridyl Carbonate and t-Butyl 2-Pyridyl Carbonate in Acetonitrile

  • Bae, Ae-Ri;Um, Ik-Hwan
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제33권5호
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    • pp.1547-1550
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    • 2012
  • Second-order rate constants ($k_N$) have been measured spectrophotometrically for the reactions of benzyl 2-pyridyl carbonate $\mathbf{3}$ and $t$-butyl 2-pyridyl carbonate $\mathbf{3}$ with a series of alicyclic secondary amines in MeCN at $25.0{\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$. Substrate $\mathbf{4}$ is much less reactive than $\mathbf{3}$ and the steric hindrance exerted by the bulky $t$-Bu group in $\mathbf{4}$ has been attributed to its decreased reactivity. The Br${\o}$nsted-type plots for the reactions of $\mathbf{3}$ and $\mathbf{4}$ are linear with ${\beta}_{nuc}=0.57$ and 0.45, respectively. Thus, the reactions have been concluded to proceed through a concerted mechanism, although the current reactions were expected to proceed through a stepwise mechanism with a zwitterionic tetrahedral intermediate $T^{\pm}$. It has been proposed that the rate of leaving-group expulsion is accelerated by the intramolecular H-bonding interaction in $T^{\pm}$ and the "push" provided by the RO group through the resonance interaction. Thus, the enhanced nucleofugality forces the reactions to proceed through a concerted mechanism. The reactivity-selectivity principle (RSP) is not applicable to the current reaction systems, since the reaction of the less reactive $\mathbf{4}$ results in a smaller ${\beta}_{nuc}$ than that of the more reactive $\mathbf{3}$. Steric hindrance exerted by the bulky $t$-Bu group in $\mathbf{4}$ has been suggested to be responsible for the failure of the RSP.

흰쥐의 소장 점막 세포의 성장에 미치는 Glutamine, Glycine과 Nucleosides/Nucleotide 혼합물의 효과 (Effects of Glutamine, Glycine and Nucleosides/Nucleotide Mixture on Intestinal Mucosal Growth in Rats)

  • 이선영;오현인
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제26권1호
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    • pp.130-136
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    • 1997
  • 250g내외의 횐쥐에게 Thiry-Vella fistula를 만든 후 수술과 비경구 영양 효과로 인하여 위축되는 소장의 누공에 각각 nucleosides/nucleotide혼합용액 (Nuc군)이나 glutamine(Gln군), glycine(Gly군)등을 투여하여 소장 점막의 위축 방지나 재생효과가 있는지를 알아보고 자 실험하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. Thiry-Vella fistula 시술 후 9일 동안 2일에 한 번씩 총 4회 소장 누공으로 주입한 이미노산들과 nucleosides/nucleotide 혼합물의 효과는 누공의 소장 점막에 미치는 직접적인 효과와 비누공 부분에 대한 간접적인 효과로 나누어 볼 수 있다. Nucleosides/nucleotide 혼합물은 소장 누공으로 주입되어 직접 접촉되는 부분의 소장 DNA함량을 유의적으로 증가 시켰으며 단백질 함량도 높은 수치를 보여 주었고 조직 검사 결과 소장 융모의 길이와 표면적을 증가시킨 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 [$^3$H] thymidine incorporation의 결과는 대조군과 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. Glycine은 소장 단백질과 DNA에 있어서 대조군보다는 높고 Nuc군보다는 낮은 경향을 보여 주었으나 [$^3$H]-thymidine incorporation은 누공과 비누공부분에서 모두 가장 높게 나타났으며 특히 비누공부분에서는 유의적으로 증가되어 있었다. Glutamine의 효과는 glycine 투여 효과와 비슷하거나 오히려 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다.

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한약재 복합 추출물이 항산화 및 항노화에 미치는 영향 (Anti-oxidation and Anti-aging Effect of Mixed Extract from Korean Medicinal Herbs)

  • 황재규;윤종국;한길환;도은주;이진상;이은주;김종부;김미려
    • 대한본초학회지
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    • 제26권1호
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    • pp.111-117
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    • 2011
  • Objectives : The present study was designed to investigate effects of mixed extract from korean medicinal herbs (MIX) on oxidation/reduction reaction-related and aging-related enzyme in vitro. Methods : We performed MTT assay, collagenase inhibition assay, elastase inhibition assay, tyrosinase inhibition assay, DPPH free radical scavenging assay, SOD-like activity and xanthine oxidase inhibition assay. Results : Recently, many studies have reported that elastin is also involved in inhibiting or repairing wrinkle formation, although collagen is a major factor in the skin wrinkle formation. The MIX showed 97% inhibition of collagenase activity, and 64% inhibition of elastase activity at 1 mg/ml concentration of MIX, next only to positive control, which indicate good efficacy for anti-wrinkle ingredient. Also it's treatment showed 34% inhibition of tyrosinase activity, to relate whitening effect, at the same dose of MIX. Antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH radical scavenging, xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibiting activity and SOD-like activity. Also these scavenging, XO-inhibiting and SOD-like activities were measured in 91%, 80%, and 63% inhibition, respectively, at a treated dose of 1 mg/ml, compare to control. Conclusions : These results suggest that possibility of mixed korean medicinal herbs as a functional ingredient for anti-wrinkle and whitening, anti-oxidation and anti-aging cosmetic formula.

Kinetics and Mechanism of Nucleophilic Displacement Reactions of Y-Substituted Phenyl Benzoates with Z-Substituted Phenoxides

  • Min, Se-Won;Seo, Jin-A;Um, Ik-Hwan
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제30권10호
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    • pp.2403-2407
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    • 2009
  • Second-order rate constants have been measured for two series of nucleophilic displacement reactions, i.e., reactions of 4-nitrophenyl benzoate with Z-substituted phenoxides and those of Y-substituted phenyl benzoates (1a-h) with 4-chlorophenoxide (4-ClPhO–) in 80 mol% $H_2O$/20 mol% DMSO at 25.0 ${\pm}\;0.1\;{^{\circ}C}$. The Br$\phi$nsted-type plot for reactions of 4-nitrophenyl benzoate with Z-substituted phenoxides exhibits an excellent linear correlation with ${\beta}_{nuc}$ = 0.72. Reactions of 1a-h with 4-chlorophenoxide result in also a linear Br$\phi$nsted-type plot with ${\beta}_{lg}$ = –0.62, a typical ${\beta}_{lg}$ value for a concerted mechanism. The Hammett plots correlated with ${\sigma}^o\;and\;{\sigma}^-$ constants show many scattered points for reactions of 1a-h with 4-chlorophenoxide. In contrast, the corresponding Yukawa-Tsuno plot exhibits an excellent linear correlation with $\rho_Y$ = 2.26 and r = 0.53, indicating that expulsion of the leaving group occurs at the rate-determining step (RDS) either in a concerted mechanism or in a stepwise pathway. However, a stepwise mechanism with leaving group departure being the RDS is excluded since the leaving Y-substituted phenoxide is less basic and a better nucleofuge than the incoming 4-ClPh$O^-$. Thus, the reactions have been concluded to proceed through a concerted mechanism, in which bond formation between the nucleophile and electrophilic center is more advanced than expulsion of the leaving group in the transition state on the basis of the magnitude of ${\beta}_{nuc}\;and\;{\beta}_{lg}$ values.

Kinetic Study on Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of 4-Nitrophenyl X-Substituted-2-Methylbenzoates with Cyclic Secondary Amines in Acetonitrile: Reaction Mechanism and Failure of Reactivity-Selectivity Principle

  • Lee, Ji-Youn;Kim, Min-Young;Um, Ik-Hwan
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제35권1호
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    • pp.93-97
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    • 2014
  • A kinetic study is reported on nucleophilic substitution reactions of 4-nitrophenyl X-substituted-2-methylbenzoates (5a-e) with a series of cyclic secondary amines in MeCN at $25.0{\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$. The Hammett plots for the aminolysis of 5a-e are nonlinear, e.g., substrates possessing an electron-donating group (EDG) in the benzoyl moiety deviate negatively from the linear line composed of substrates bearing no EDG. In contrast, the Yukawa-Tsuno plots for the same reactions exhibit excellent linear correlations with ${\rho}_X$ = 0.30-0.59 and r = 0.90-1.15, indicating that the nonlinear Hammett plots are caused by stabilization of the substrates possessing an EDG through resonance interactions but are not due to a change in the rate-determining step (RDS). The Br${\phi}$nsted-type plots are linear with ${\beta}_{nuc}$ = 0.66-0.82. Thus, the aminolysis of 5a-e has been suggested to proceed through a stepwise mechanism in which departure of the leaving group occurs at the RDS. The ${\rho}_X$ and ${\beta}_{nuc}$ values for the aminolysis of 5a-e increase as the reactivity of the substrates and amines increases, indicating that the reactivity-selectivity principle is not applicable to the current reactions.

Nail DNA and Possible Biomarkers: A Pilot Study

  • Park, Joshua;Liang, Debbie;Kim, Jung-Woo;Luo, Yongjun;Huang, Taesheng;Kim, Soo-Young;Chang, Seong-Sil
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • 제45권4호
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    • pp.235-243
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    • 2012
  • Objectives: Nail has been a substitute DNA source for genotyping. To investigate the integrity and consistency of nail DNA amplification for biomarker study, nail clippings from 12 subjects were collected at monthly intervals. The possibility of longer amplification and existence of GAPDH RNA/protein, were also investigated with three nail samples. Methods: Three primer sets were designed for quantitative amplification of nuclear and mitochondrial genes and analysis of their consistency. The mean threshold cycles in amplification of the target genes were compared to test the consistency of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) performance among individual factors including age groups, sex, family, the nail source, and by the size of the amplification segments. Results: The amplification of the target genes from nail DNA showed similar integrity and consistency between the nail sources, and among the serial collections. However, nail DNA from those in their forties showed earlier threshold cycles in amplification than those in their teens or seventies. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) showed better DNA integrity and consistency in amplification of all three targets than did nuclear DNA (nucDNA). Over 9 kb of mtDNA was successfully amplified, and nested quantitative PCR showed reliable copy numbers (%) between the two loci. Reverse transcription PCR for mRNA and immunoblotting for GAPDH protein successfully reflected their corresponding amounts. Regarding the existence of RNA and protein in nails, more effective extraction and detection methods need to be set up to validate the feasibility in biomarker study. Conclusions: Nail DNA might be a feasible intra-individual monitoring biomarker. Considering integrity and consistency in target amplification, mtDNA would be a better target for biomarker research than nucDNA.

Polymerase Chain Reaction을 활용한 국내 동물과 사람환자에서 분리한 Staphylococcus aureus 분리주의 분자역학적 특성분석 (Analysis of Molecular Epidemiological Properties of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Domestic Animals and Human Patients by PCR)

  • 우용구;김신
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제41권1호
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    • pp.24-37
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    • 2005
  • 국내 사육 하우 염소, 돼지, 개, 닭 및 마우스 등을 포함한 각종 동물과 사람환자에서 분리한 총 116주의 S. aureus 분리주에 대해서 5종의 PCR 기법을 적용하여 분자역학적 특성을 분석하였다. 먼저 종특이 유전자(SSG: aroA, coa, nuc 및 spa-gene)의 다양성을 PCR 기법으로 조사하였고, 또한 약제내성의 MRSA 균주의 분포양상과 내독소(Enterotoxin)산생유전자(SE)의 분포양상에 대해서도 조사하였다. 그리고 이 연궁선 수행한 5종의 PCR 기법 들이 생산한 개별성적을 객관적으로 비교하여, 가장 신뢰도 높고 효율적 PCR기법을 선발하였다. 먼저 PCR기법을 적용한 SSG의 분포양상 조사에서는 $nuc-gene\;(100\%)$, $spa-gene\;(91.4\%)$, $coa-gene\;(87.9\%)$, 및 $aroA-gene\;(26.7\%)$의 빈도로 조사되었다. 그리고 aroA와 coa-gene PCR 증폭산물에 대한 RsaI과 AluI 효소로 소화시킨 RELP 성적에서 coa-Bene PCR-RFLP에서는 모두 10 type의 con-type이 동정되었고, 그중 coa-3 type (809 bp)이 닭, 마우스, MRSA 및 사람유래 균주를 포함한 총 36주 $(33.0\%)$로서 가장 대표적인 genotype으로 결정되었다. 반면에 aroA-gene PCR-RELP에서는 단지 7 type의 genotype만이 산생되어 대조를 보였고, 17주 $(73.9\%)$가 대표적인 그룹으로 분류되었다. 한편 spa-gene PCR에서는 총 11 type의 spa-type이 확인되었고, 그중 spa-7 type (9 repeats; 263 bp)이 한우, 닭, 개, 염소, 마우스 및 MRSA 균주 등을 포함한 총 39주 $(34.8\%)$로서 가장 대표적인 genotype으로 결정되었다. 또한 총 116주에 대해 MRSA 균주의신속한 검출을 위해서 mecA-gene PCR을 적용하였던 바, 단지 사람유래의 14주 $(12.1\%)$에서만 양성의 증폭산물 (533 bp)이 검출되었고, 이들 증폭된 PCR산물의 유전학적 검증을 위해 HhaI으로 소화시켰던바 14주 모두 $(100\%)$가 알려진 2개의 DNA band (332 & 201 bp)로 양분되어 유전자수준에서 MRSA 양성균주로 검증되었다. 한편 내독소 산생유전자 (SE-gene)는 multiplex-PCR기법으로 조사하였으며 sea-gene $(63.7\%)$이 가장 지배적이었고, 이어서 seb-gene $(10.0\%)$ 및 sec-gene $(7.2\%)$의 순서였다. 특히 sea+sec의 2종의 SE genes를 보유한 균주도 11주로서 가장 많았으며 그 외에도 sea+seb (2주)및 seb+see (1주) genes를 보유한 균주도 함께 검출되었다. 최종적으로 5종의 PCR기법들이 생산한 성적들을 수치 (SID)로 변환하여 객관적으로 감별능력 (DA)을 비교하였던바, aroA-gene PCR-RFLP는 가장 저조한 DA [SID=0.462]을 나타내었고, 반면에 coa-gene PCR-RELP는 5종의 분석기법 중에서 가장 신뢰도 높은 DA [SID=0.894]을 발현하였다. 따라서 현재의 연구결과con-gene PCR-RELP기법이 사람을 포함한 다양한 동물종유래 S. aureus 균주들의 유전학적 분석목적에 가장 신뢰도 높고 감별능력이 뛰어난 분석기법으로 선발되었다.

Kinetics and Mechanism of the Aminolysis of O-Methyl S-Aryl Thiocarbonates in Acetonitrile

  • Oh, Hyuck-Keun
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제32권5호
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    • pp.1539-1542
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    • 2011
  • The aminolysis of O-methyl S-aryl thiocarbonates with benzylamines are studied in acetonitrile at -45.0$^{\circ}C$. The ${\beta}_X$(${\beta}_{nuc}$) values are in the range 0.62-0.80 with a negative cross-interaction constant, ${\rho}_{XZ}$ = -0.42, which are interpreted to indicate a concerted mechanism. The kinetic isotope effects involving deuterated benzylamine nucleophiles ($XC_6H_4CH_2ND_2$) are large, $k_H/k_D$ = 1.29-1.75, suggesting that the N-H(D) bond is partially broken in the transition state by forming a hydrogen-bonded four-center cyclic structure. The concerted mechanism is enforced by the strong push provided by the MeO group which enhances the nucleofugalities of both benzylamine and arenethiolate from the putative zwitterionic tetrahedral intermediate.