• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.224-230
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• 2021

Background: Local anesthetics often are used in rotator cuff tears as therapeutic tools, although some cases have reported that they have detrimental effects. Neurotropin (NTP) is used widely in Japan as a treatment for various chronic pain conditions and is shown to have protective effects on cartilage and nerve cells. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of NTP against lidocaine-induced cytotoxicity. Methods: Tenocytes from rotator cuff tendons were incubated with lidocaine, NTP, lidocaine with NTP, and a control medium. Cell viability was evaluated using the WST-8 assay. Cell apoptosis was detected via annexin V staining using flow cytometry. The expression of BCL-2 and cytochrome c, which are involved in the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, was evaluated via Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. Results: In the cell viability assay, lidocaine decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, and NTP did not affect cell viability. Moreover, NTP significantly inhibited the cytotoxic effect of lidocaine. The flow cytometry analysis showed that lidocaine significantly induced apoptosis in tenocytes, and NTP considerably inhibited this lidocaine-induced apoptosis. Western blotting experiments showed that lidocaine decreased the protein expression of BCL-2, and that NTP conserved the expression of BCL-2, even when used with lidocaine. Immunohistochemical staining for cytochrome c showed that 0.1% lidocaine increased cytochrome c-positive cells, and NTP suppressed lidocaine-induced cytochrome c expression. Conclusions: NTP suppresses lidocaine-induced apoptosis of tenocytes by inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Intra-articular/bursal injection of NTP with lidocaine could protect tenocytes in rotator cuff tendons against lidocaine-induced apoptosis.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제42권1호`
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• pp.61-66
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• 2005

Location Positioning은 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅에서 주요한 기술이다. 최근에 UWB를 사용한 Location Positioning이 연구되고 있다. 실내 망에 location network을 구성하기 위해서는 base station들의 동기 특성이 매우 중요하다. LAN부터 WAN까지 시간의 동기를 맞추는 프로토콜로 제안되어 사용되고 있는 것이 NTP이다. 또한 실내 망을 동기화시키기 위해 가장 간단한 방법으로 사용할 수 있는 것이 Master-Slave 방식이다. 본 논문에서는 UWB Location Positioning을 위한 실내 망 동기화에 대해 NTP와 Master-Slave 방식을 UWB Channel 모델 특성을 적용하여 비교 분석하였다. 하나의 primary base station을 기준으로 여러 개의 base station을 실내 망에 동기론 맞춰가며 확장시켜 나갈 때, 각 base station이 포함하게 될 오차의 범위론 여러 채널 모델에서 모의 실험하였다. 그 결과, 비교적 간단하게 적용될 수 있는 Master-Slave 방식보다 NTP 방식이 더 적은 오차로 동기를 맞출 수 있는 동기화 방식인 것으로 나타났다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.1079-1087
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• 2021

NTP-ERSN is a package developed for solving the multigroup form of the discrete ordinates, characteristics and collision probability of the Boltzmann transport equation in one-dimensional cartesian geometry, by combining pin cells. In this work, C5G7 MOX benchmark is used to verify the accuracy and efficiency of NTP-ERSN package, by treating reactor core problems without spatial homogenization. This benchmark requires solutions in the form of normalized pin powers as well as the vectors and the eigenvalue. All NTP-ERSN simulations are carried out with appropriate spatial and angular approximations. A good agreement between NTP-ERSN results with those obtained with OpenMC calculation code for seven energy groups. In addition, our studies about angular and mesh refinements are carried out to produce better quality solution. Moreover, NTP-ERSN GUI has also been updated and adapted to python 3 programming language.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 1998년도 가을 학술발표논문집 Vol.25 No.2 (3)
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• pp.621-623
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 공용 접근이 가능한 NTO 서버들에 대한 동기화 특성을 조사, 분석했다. 분석 주요 항목은 서버 신뢰도, 정확도 그리고 오프셋(offeset)과 전송지연의 관계이다. 이러한 분석을 위해 NTP알고리즘에서 최적 시간 동기를 위해 선택하는 값인 클럭 옻프셋, 일주지연, 분산 그리고 동기화 거리를 사용하였다. 분석 결과는동기화 거리 값의 경우 최대 700ms의 정도의 차이를 보이고, 분산의 경우 최대 300ms정도의 차이를 나타내었다. 또한 전송 지연과 오프셋은 타워 분포를 보이며, 이는 그간의 오프셋 근거의 단순 선택이 효율적이지 못할 수 있음을 보여주었다. 본 논문에서 살펴본 NTP서버 동기화 특성은 많은 NTP 서버중 최적의 조건을 찾는데 유용하게 쓰일 수 있다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.647-649
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• 2013

본 논문은 안드로이드 기반의 고정된 네트워크 하드웨어를 가진 셋톱박스에서 Network Time Protocol(NTP)을 활용한 효과적 시스템 복구 방안에 관한 연구이다. 셋톱박스의 경우 제품의 특성상 사용자의 요구에 대한 대응이 여타 전자제품에 비해 빠르게 반응해야 하기 때문에 항시 전원이 공급되어 동작하는 특징을 가진다. 하지만, 안드로이드와 같은 범용 OS기반의 셋톱박스의 경우 주기적인 시스템 리셋을 통한 캐쉬 및 메모리 초기화가 불가피한 단점이 있다. 본 논문은 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위해 시스템의 시간을 가져오는 NTP 클라이언트 프로그램을 활용하여 시스템 리셋하고, 복구하도록 하였다.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.459-470
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the accomplishments and problems of National Target Program on New Rural Development(NTP-NRD) of the Vietnam government during the 1st stage(2011-2015). Based on the literature review and interview, the following suggestions were drawn with related to 19 criteria and 39 indicators; 1) the relationship between the overall goal and 19 criteria as its measures seems to be inconsistence, so that the meet of the 19 criteria regarded as the goal of the NTP-NRD, 2) there was no measures for the communes, where met the requirement of 19 criteria early, 3) most indicators were output oriented, while outcome level were little, 4) it needed to adjust for the some indicators as the implementation unit from commune level to more wider spatial level.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.1144-1148
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• 2006

DNA can oxidatively be deaminated by ROS, which converts DNA base amino groups to keto groups and can trigger abnormal mutations, resulting in mutagenesis in organisms. In this study, a noncanonical purine dNTP pyrophosphatase (AfPPase) from a hyperthermophilic archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus, which hydrolyzes aberrant nucleoside triphosphates, was overexpressed in E. coli, purified, and characterized. The purified AfPPase showed remarkably high activity for XTP and dITP, suggesting that the 6-keto group of these nucleotides is critical for the reactivity. Under optimal reaction conditions, the reaction rate for these substrates was about 120 times that with dGTP. Therefore, AfPPase may play a significant role in DNA repair by hydrolysis of noncanonical nucleotides before they are misincorporated into DNA.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제16권E호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2000

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are considered as the precursors of atmospheric ozone and photochemical smog formation. In particular, chemical plants have produced a lot of VOCs and thus they have been forced to reduce or remove air emissions from the on-site chemical facilities. For the effective removal of VOCs produced in the chemical plants, the authors employed a titanium oxide(TiO$_2$) mediated photo-catalytic oxidation method. The initiation methods employed in this study to produce oxygen radicals for th photo-catalytic oxidation of the VOCs were Ultra-Violet(UV), Non-Thermal Plasma(NTS), and a combination of Uv and NTP. This study focused on a comparison of the removal efficiencies of VOCs as a function of the initiation method such as NTP and/or UV techniques. Removal efficiency change of VOCs as was investigated as a function of the wavelength of the UV lamp(254, 302, and 365 nm) and the degree of TiO$_2$ coating (10 and 30%). In this study, it was identified that removal efficiencies if the VOCs under the normal air environment were much better than those under the nitrogen gas environment containing small amount of oxygen. Removal efficiency by NTP technique was much better than the UV or the combination of UV and NTP techniques. In a comparison if UV wavelengths employed, it was found that shorter wavelength showed better removal efficiency, compared with longer ones. When the removal efficiencies of VOCs were compared in terms of the degree of TiO$_2$ coating, the higher TiO$_2$coating showed better removal efficiency that the lower TiO$_2$ coating

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.227-236
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• 2005

인터넷전화 이용자 체감품질을 측정함에 있어 측정시스템 간의 시간동기화가 중요하다. 현재 시스템의 시간동기를 하는 방법에는 NTP 또는 GPS를 이용하여 시간동기화를 하고 있으나 NTP 서버와 시스템간의 거리에 따른 시간적 오차, GPS로부터 수신된 데이터를 처리하는 과정에서의 지연시간, 시스템 클럭의 특성에 따라 발생하는 오차와 같은 문제로 인해 측정시스템 간의 시간동기가 어려운 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 측정데이터의 시간동기를 위해 측정시스템 간의 시간적 오차와 클럭 특성에 의해 발생되는 오차를 보정하여 신뢰성 있는 품질측정 결과를 생성하는 시간동기화 방식을 제안하고 구현하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1442-1449
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• 2003

We investigated the amount of the toxic gases emitted from the Electrostatic Precipitators(ESPs), which are currently used as the indoor air cleaners. The existing wire-to-plate(WTP) and neddle-to-plate(NTP) types of ESP designs are considered as the experimental corona dischargers. Using the voltage, the polarity of wire, the number of needles of NTP as the input variables, we studied the generation characteristics of ozone and $NO_{x}$ and the particle removal efficiency in the ESPs. As the results, we found out that the concentration of ozone, $NO_{2}$ and $NO_{x}$ is increased with increasing the voltage and the number of needles, but the amount of NO is decreased. And we observed that the generation rates of ozone and $NO_{x}$ are mainly related with the corona region through the photographs. Finally the experimental results showed that the particle removal efficiency of ESP with WTP type charger is more superior to that with NTP type chargers at the same voltage.