• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.22-32
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• 2022

Background: Migraine headaches have been associated with sensory hyperactivity and anomalies in social/emotional responses. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the potential involvement of orexin 1 receptors (Orx1R) within the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in the modulation of pain and psychosocial dysfunction in a nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced rat model of migraine. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were injected with NTG (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) every second day over nine days to induce migraine. The experiments were done in the following six groups (6 rats per group): untreated control, NTG, NTG plus vehicle, and NTG groups that were post-treated with intra-BLA microinjection of Orx1R antagonist SB-334867 (10, 20, and 40 nM). Thermal hyperalgesia was assessed using the hot plate and tail-flick tests. Moreover, the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field (OF) tests were used to assess anxiety-like behaviors. The animals' sociability was evaluated using the three-chamber social task. The NTG-induced photophobia was assessed using a light-dark box. Results: We observed no change in NTG-induced thermal hyperalgesia following administration of SB-334867 (10, 20, and 40 nM). However, SB-334867 (20 and 40 nM) aggravated the NTG-induced anxiogenic responses in both the EPM and OF tasks. The NTG-induced social impairment was overpowered by SB-334867 at all doses. Time spent in the dark chamber of light-dark box was significantly increased in rats treated with SB-334867 (20 and 40 nM/rat). Conclusions: The findings suggest a role for Orx1R within the BLA in control comorbid affective complaints with migraine in rats.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.119-123
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• 1998

The feasibility of using combined treatments of electric field and chemical mutagen N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine (NTG) for the strain improvement of Saccharomyces sp. in ethanol production was examined. The treatment of electric field alone resulted in no effect on the lethality of yeast cells under the conditions of this study. However, when the electric field was applied together to the treatment of yeast cells with NTG, the electric field increased the lethal effect and auxotrophic mutation rate of NTG. The combined treatment of electric field and NTG also increased the chances of. obtaining superior yeast strains for the ethanol production from tapioca. A higher number of improved clones was obtained by the combined treatments of electric field and NTG than by the NTG treatment alone. The best clone, NF 30-9, which was also obtained by the combined treatment, produced $11.07\%$ (w/v) ethanol from tapioca slurry containing 25% (w/v) reducing sugar while the parental strain produced 9.77% (w/v).

• KSBB Journal
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.90-95
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• 2006

라이코펜 생산성을 향상시키기 위하여 몇 가지 대장균 균주들을 대상으로 생산성 시험을 한 결과 MG1655 균주가 가장 우수하였다. 대장균 MG1655 균주의 염색체 DNA 내에 존재하는 특정 유전자의 기능이 상실되었을 때 라이코펜 생산성이 증가되는 변이체를 선발하기 위해 transposon 돌연변이를 수행하였으며, 5종의 우수 transposon 변이체를 얻었다. 특히, Tn4 변이체는 야생형 MG1655에 비해서 라이코펜 생산량은 6배, 균체 내 함량은 7배로 가장 높았다. Transposon 삽입에 의해 결손된 유전자를 파악하기 위해 inverse PCR을 통해 염기서열을 확인하였으며, 결손된 유전자는 rfaH, treB, B2436으로 규명되었다. 또한 특정 유전자 기능의 상실뿐만 아니라 기능의 강화나 변화 등에 의한 라이코펜 생산성이 증가된 변이체를 선발하기 위해 NTG 돌연변이를 수행하였으며, 4개의 우수한 NTG 변이체를 얻었다. 이들 중에 NTG4 변이체가 가장 높은 라이코펜 생산량을 보였다. 특히, NTG4 변이체는 발현유도물질인 arabinose의 소량(0.013mM) 첨가 시에 라이코펜 농도, 6 mg/L와 균체 내 함량 4 mg/g DCW로 최대의 라이코펜 생산성을 보였고, 이것은 야생형 MG1655에 비해서 각각 18배와 12배 높은 생산성이다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.392-397
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• 2008

Recently, importance of immunosuppression is increasing as internal organ transplant becomes more prevalent with development of medical technology. Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a selective inhibitor of guanine synthesis and it therefore has antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor and selective immunosuppressive activities. The objective of this study was to maximize MPA productivity through utilizing the MPA generating strain of Penicillium brevicompactum ATCC 16024, by inducing UV mutation and NTG mutation. The highest MPA obtained was 1.146 g/L, 2.051 g/L, and 1.390 g/L from P. brevicompactum UB-3, UB-9, UC-4 respectively mutants derived from UV treatment. P. brevicompactum NC-3 and NA-9 induced from NTG treatment yielded. 575 g/L, 2.238 g/L of MPA production respectively. Mutants capable of the highest observed production of MPA were P. brevicompactum UB-9 and P. brevicompactum NC-3 obtained using the UV and NTG treatments respectively.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.95-99
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• 2007

To develop topical nitroglycerin (NTG) preparation far chronic anal fissure treatment, the release rate of NTG should be controlled carefully. For this, microemulsion was prepared from the phase diagram construction with Cremophor ELP, ethanol and Labrafil $M1944CS^{(R)}$ and the topical gel was prepared by dispersing NTG containing microemulsion into hydrophilic polymers. in viかo release characteristics were evaluated with Franz diffusion cell using cellulose membrane and compared with control hydrogels. The release rate of NTG was followed $1^{st}$ order kinetics and, when comparing the NTG release from control hydrogel with that from the microemulsion-based hydrogel, the NTG release rate was controlled by the content of polymers within continuous phase and the concentration of dispersed phase.

• 자연과학논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 1995

Klebsiella sp. L-10을 N-methyl-N'-nitro-N''-nitrosoguanidine 과 ethylmethane sulfornate 및 자외선 등으로 돌연변이시켜 히아루론산 복합체의 수율이 친주보다 약 2.5배 증대된 NTG 50 변이주를 얻었다. NTG 50변이주를 이용한 히아루론산 복합체의 최적 생산배지 조성은 효모 추출물 0.1%, 트립톤 3%, 포도당 3%, $K_2HPO_4$ 와 $KH_2PO_4$ 각각 30nM 이었고 배양조건은 배지의 초기 pH 6.0-6.5, 배양온도 $37^{\circ}C$, 24시간의 진탕배양이었으며 이때 배양액 리터당 2900mg의 히아루론산 복합체가 생산되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.442-451
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• 2019

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of transport stress on physiological and hematological responses and milk performance in lactating dairy cows. Methods: Ten lactating dairy cows were randomly divided into 2 groups. The treatment group (TG) was transported 200 km for 4 h by truck, and the control group (NTG) was restrained by stanchion for 4 h in Konkuk University farm. Blood and milk samples were collected at 24 h pre-transport; 1, 2, and 4 h during transport; and 2, 24, and 48 h post-transport. Milk yields were measured at 24 h pre-transport, 0 h during transport, and 24, 48, and 72 h post-transport. Results: Leukocyte, neutrophil, and monocyte numbers in the TG were significantly higher than those of the NTG at each experimental time point. Lymphocyte numbers in the TG were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of the NTG at 48 h post-transport. Additionally, the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio of the TG was 45% and 46% higher than that of the NTG at 4 h during transport and 2 h post-transport, respectively. There were no significant differences in erythrocyte numbers, hemoglobin concentrations, platelet numbers, and hematocrit percentages between two groups. Cortisol levels in the TG were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those in the NTG. Milk yields in the TG were lower than those in the NTG. The somatic cell count (SCC) of the TG was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of the NTG at 1 and 2 h during transport; that of the TG increased dramatically at 1 h during transport and gradually decreased subsequently. Conclusion: Transport stress increased blood parameters including leucocyte, neutrophil, and monocyte numbers by increased cortisol levels, but did not affect erythrocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. Additionally, transport resulted in a decrease in milk yield and reduced milk quality owing to an increase in milk SCC.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.199-202
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• 1997

방선균(Streptomyces) 포자와 효모(Saccharomyces) 반수체 및 배수체 세포를 대상으로 전기충격(AC 38V/1.3 cm)이 화학적 돌연변이원인 N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(NTG)의 세포치사효과와 돌연변이 유발에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 방선균의 경우 전기충격 단독 처리로는 180분 처리하였을 때 생존율이 100%이었으나 960분 처리한 경우에는 모두 사멸하였다. 전기충격과 NTG처리를 병행한 바 방성균의 경우 180분 처리시, NTG 단독 처리시보다 생존율이 72%에서 48%로 감소되었고, 반수체 효모의 경우 40분 처리시 8%에서 3%로, 배수체 효모의 경우 25%에서 10%로 각각 감소되었다. 전기충격과 NTG에 의한 영양요구 돌연변이 형성율에 있어서는 전기충격이 NTG에 의한 돌연변이율을 120분 처리 후 1.8%에서, 13.6%로, 반수체효모의 경우 40분 처리후 2.4%에서 4.8%로 각각 증가시켰다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 1996

This study was attempted to investigate the production of L-tyrosine by Brevibacterium flavum ATCC 14067. To select the strain which produce more L-tyrosine, mutants were induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) treatment and phenylalanine auxotrophic mutants were induced by NTG and penicillin treatments. PFP resistant mutant was isolated from a phenylalanine auxotroph by retreatment with NTG and screened for increase of L-tyrosine production. PFP-326 mutant resistant to PPP (100ug/ml) was derived from phenylalanine auxotroph by mutagenesis with NTG and PFP-106 mutant resistant to PFP (1201g/ml) was derived from PFP-326 by mutagenesis with NTG. The composition of media for L-tyrosine production in strain PFP-106 was studied. PFP-106 mutant strain produced 50mg 11 of L-tyrosine while the parent strain produced 0.56mg 11 of L-tyrosine. The optimum composition of medium for L-tyrosine by strain PFP-106 was 10cA sucrose as carbon source, 3% ammonium sulfate as nitrogen source. The optimum cultural condition for producing L-tyrosine by strain PFP-106 was L-phenylalanine at a concentration of 1000g/mg.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.242-246
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• 1996

High viscous hyaluronic acid complex from Klebsiella sp. L-10 NTG 50 mutant was purified by two-phase extraction system using PEG-K2HP04 and its physicochemical properties were Investigated. Viscosity of the purified hyaluronic acid complex was decreased as temperature and salts concentration were Increased and also showed low viscosity at below pH 5.0 and above pH 11.0. Hardness, cohesiveness and adhesiveness of the purified hyaluronic acid complex were 1, 20kg, 1.91 and 0.62, respectively. Water holding capacity was 6.9ml per gram of the purified hyaluronic acid complex powder.