• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.839-847
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• 2011

Instrumentation & Control(I&C) System in NPP(Nuclear Power Plant) plays a important role as the brain of human being, it performs protecting, controling and monitoring safety operation of NPP. Recently, the I&C system is digitalized as digital technology such as PLC, DSP, FPGA. The different aspect of digital system which use digital communication to analog system is that it has potential vulnerability to cyber threat in nature. Possibility that digital I&C system is defected by cyber attack is increasing day by day. The result of cyber attack can be adverse effect to safety function in NPP. Therefore, I&C system required cyber security counter-measures that protect themselves from cyber threat efficiently and also cyber security design should be taken into consideration at concept stage in I&C system development process. In this study, we proposed the digital asset analysis method for cyber security assessment of I&C system design in NPP and we performed digital asset analysis of I&C system by using the proposed method.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.639-648
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• 2015

SInce 2000, Instrumentation and Control(I&C) systems of Nuclear Power Plant(NPP) based on analog technology began to be applied to the digital technology. NPPs under construction in the country with domestic APR1400 I&C system, most devices were digitalized. Cyber security of NPP I&C systems has emerged as an important issue because digital devices compared to the existing analog equipment are vulnerable to cyber attacks. In this paper, We proposed the risk rating process of cyber security threats in NPP I&C system and applied the proposed process to the Reactor Protection System(RPS) developed through Korea Nuclear Instrumentation & Control System(KINCS) project for evaluating the risk of cyber security threats.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.561-570
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• 2014

Nuclear Power Plant Instrumentation and Control System(NPP I&C) which is used to operate safely is changing from analog technology to digital technology. Ever since NPP Centrifuge of Iran Bushehr was shut down by Stuxnet attack in 2010, the possibility of cyber attacks against the NPP has been increasing. However, the domestic and international regulatory guidelines that was published to strengthen the cyber security of the NPP I&C describes security requirements and method s to establish policies and procedures. These guidelines are not appropriate for the development of real applicable cyber security technology. Therefore, specialized cyber security technologies for the NPP I&C need to be developed to enhance the security of nuclear power plants. This paper proposes a cyber security technology development system which is exclusively for the development of nuclear technology. Furthermore, this method has been applied to the ESF-CCS developed by The KINCS R&D project.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11c
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• pp.559-561
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• 2004

In this paper, we design two types of Main Control Unit for Control Rod Control System and Control Element Drive Mechanism Control System, respectively, using a domestic Distributed Control System(DCS) developed to localize the instrumentation and control(I&C) system for nuclear power plant(NPP). There are many parts developed by domestic skills and being operated successfully in NPP, but the development of I&C system as an essential part has been slow in progress. We will show the great possibility of developing peculiar Korean I&C system by applying this domestic DCS to nuclear I&C system and confirming its successful operation.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.07d
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• pp.2200-2202
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• 2004

This paper deals with the design of the Control Cabinet in Control Rod Control System(CRCS), using a domestic Distributed Control System(DCS) developed to localize the instrumentation and control(I&C) system for nuclear power plant(NPP). There are many parts developed by domestic skill and being operated successfully in NPP, but the development of I&C system as an essential part has been slow in progress. We will show the great possibility of developing our own I&C system by applying this domestic DCS to nuclear I&C system and confirming its successful operation, in this paper.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.1791-1798
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• 2019

Instrumentation and Control (I&C) systems of nuclear power plants (NPPs) have been continuously digitalized. These systems have a critical role in the operation of nuclear facilities by functioning as the brain of NPPs. In recent years, as cyber security threats to NPP systems have increased, regulatory and policy-related organizations around the world, including the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and Korea Institute of Nuclear Nonproliferation and Control (KINAC), have emphasized the importance of nuclear cyber security by publishing cyber security guidelines and recommending cyber security requirements for NPP facilities. As described in NRC Regulatory Guide (Reg) 5.71 and KINAC RS015, challenge response authentication should be applied to the critical digital I&C system of NPPs to satisfy the cyber security requirements. There have been no cases in which the most robust response authentication technology like challenge response has been developed and applied to nuclear I&C systems. This paper presents a challenge response authentication mechanism for a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) system used as a control system in the safety system of the Advanced Power Reactor (APR) 1400 NPP.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

The Nuclear Power Plants(: NPP) are being protected as national infrastructure, and instrumentation and control(: I&C) systems are one of the principle facilities of the NPP, which perform the protection, control, and monitoring function. The I&C systems are being evolved into digitalization based on computer and network technology from analog system. In addition, the I&C systems are mostly employ the specialized logic controllers which are dedicated for the NPP, but the usage of generalized IT resources are steadily increased. The cyber security issues for the NPP are being emerged due to cyber incidents by Stuxnet and various accidents in the NPP. In this paper, hybrid access control model is proposed which are applicable to I&C system by analyzing the access control requirements specified in regulatory guides. The safety of in-service and under construction of NPP are effectively increased by applying proposed hybrid model.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.237-246
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• 2009

Digitalization of not only non-safety but also safety-grade I &C systems with full computerized Main Control Room (MCR) is the recent trend of I&C systems of nuclear power plants (NPP) around the world, while plant maintenance has been shifting from traditional time based maintenance to condition based maintenance. In order to cope with the new trend of operation and maintenance in NPP, a concept of online distributed diagnostic system for both plant operation and maintenance has been proposed in order to further improve both the plant efficiency and the work environment of plant operation staff members by organizational learning. In this respect, the research subjects of human machine interface (HMI) for the online distributed diagnostic system are also discussed for supporting the plant personnel at both MCR and local working places in the plant by the application of advanced ICT (Information and Communication Technologies).

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.11
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• pp.3694-3703
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• 2021

Instrumentation and Control systems (I&C) play a significant role in nuclear power plants (NPP) and other safety critical systems (SCS). We have conducted a rigorous study and discussions with experienced practitioners worldwide the strategy for the development of I&C systems to investigate the several aspects related to their dependability. We discussed with experienced practitioners that work on nuclear domain with the intention of knowing their approach, they use day-to-day for the development of such systems. The aim of this research is to obtain to provide guidance to those building I&C systems of NPP and have implications on state engineering licensure boards, in the determination of legal liability, and in risk assessment for policymakers, corporate governors, and insurance executives.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 2023

Nuclear power plants have recognized the importance of nuclear cybersecurity. Based on regulatory guidelines and security-related standards issued by regulatory agencies around the world including IAEA, NRC, and KINAC, nuclear operating organizations and related systems manufacturing organizations, design companies, and regulatory agencies are considering methods to prepare for nuclear cybersecurity. Cryptographic algorithms have to be developed and applied in order to meet nuclear cybersecurity requirements. This paper presents methodologies for validating cryptographic algorithms that should be continuously applied at the critical control system of I&C in NPPs. Through the proposed schemes, validation programs are developed in the PLC, which is a critical system of a NPP's I&C, and the validation program is verified through simulation results. Since the development of a cryptographic algorithm validation program for critical digital systems of NPPs has not been carried out, the methodologies proposed in this paper could provide guidelines for Cryptographic Module Validation Modeling for Control Systems in NPPs. In particular, among several CMVP, specific testing techniques for ECB mode-based block ciphers are introduced with program codes and validation models.