• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.301-306
• /
• 2016

Vitamin K (phylloquinone) is an essential cofactor in the synthesis of active blood-clotting factors II, VII, IX and X. Deficiency of vitamin K leads to inadequate activity of these factors, resulting in bleeding. In this study, we investigated vitamin $K_1$ content of agricultural products that are widely and specifically grown in Korea including 9 leaves and vegetables, 16 fruits, and 11 cereals and specialty crops. Vitamin $K_1$ analysis of the agro-samples was by a validated, modified, reversed phase-HPLC method with fluorescence detection after post-column derivatization. The vitamin $K_1$ content ranged from 1.83 to $682.73{\mu}g$/100 g in leaves and vegetables, 0.17 to $28.22{\mu}g$/100 g in fruits, and ND to $279{\mu}g$/100 g in cereals and specialty crops. Among the 36 samples, high content of vitamin $K_1$ were found in Gugija (Lycium chinense Miller) leaves (average $682.73{\mu}g$/100 g) and Hansan ramie leaves (average $423.12{\mu}g$/100 g); however, mushroom, amaranth and Chinese artichoke showed no detectable levels. The results of ourstudy provide reliable vitamin $K_1$ content of Korean grown agricultural products that expand nutritional information and food composition database.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.74-94
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of education between CAI(Computer Assisted Instruction) and lectures for smoking cessation among male students who attended vocational high schools. Conducted from February 24th to April 26th, 2003, the study design was quasi-experimental with nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The study subjects were 60 male students in K vocational high school in Daegu city, who were present smokers and had more than 7.0 ppm concentration level of carbon monoxide. Thirty students were randomly chosen as the experimental group which applied CAI education method for smoking cessation. The other 30 students served as the control group which received lecture education method of 40 minutes on four consecutive days. CAI education for smoking cessation was composed of ready-made individual learning contents, counseling by using cyber-communication, writing a letter to stop smoking, and writing a written agreement for smoking cessation. Lecture education for smoking cessation was composed of a ready-prepared lecture for the group, writing a letter to stop smoking, and writing a written agreement for smoking cessation. To measure smoking related knowledge, Jeong Ree Roh(1996)'s smoking related knowledge scale$(Cronbach's\;{\alpha}=0.84)$ was modified and used by the researcher. To measure smoking related attitude, Jeong Ree Roh(1996)'s smoking related attitude scale$(Cronbach's\;{\alpha}=0.91)$ was modified and used by the researcher. Smoking related knowledge scale's Cronbach's $\alpha$ was 0.83 in the pilot study and 0.93 in this study. Smoking related attitude scale's Cronbach's a was 0.80 in the pilot study and 0.98 in this study. To determine the smoking amount, the number of cigarettes smoked per day was checked. The concentration level of CO in the exhaled breath was measured (Micro CO Cat. No. MCO2, UK). Data was analyzed by $x^2-test$, t-test, repeated measures ANOVA. simple main effects, and time contrast test with SPSS/Win 11.0 program. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The first hypothesis. that 'Smoking-related knowledge score in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be higher than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation', was not supported. 2. The second hypothesis, that 'Smoking-related attitude in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be higher than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation'. was supported(F=6490.79. p=0.000). 3. The third hypothesis. that 'Smoking amount in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be less than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation'. was supported. 1) The third-1st sub-hypothesis. that 'The number of cigarettes smoked per day in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be less than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation'. was supported(F=134.19. p=0.000). 2) The third-2nd sub-hypothesis. that 'The concentration level of CO by ppm per one exhaled breath in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be lower than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation"' was supported(F=268.55. p=0.000). From the above results. CAI education can be an effective intervention to improve smoking-related knowledge and attitude. and to reduce the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the concentration level of CO by ppm per one exhaled breath. Lecture education can be effective to improve smoking-related knowledge. In the future, when CAI education and lecture education for smoking cessation are applied on the school nursing field. the students can gain a comprehensive understanding of smoking cessation, changes in smoking-related knowledge. smoking-related attitude and reducing smoking amount. Furthermore, CAI education for smoking cessation could be developed as an individual self initiative program and could give a guideline to apply CAI education for smoking cessation in other field.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.232-247
• /
• 2005

Purpose. The purposes of this investigation were to discover the possibility of clinical application in the areas of dental implants and bone grafts by investigating the bone formation histologically around specimen which was depending on the intensity of magnetic field of neodymium magnet inside of the specimens. Material and method. 1. Measurement of magnetic intensity - placed the magnet inside of the specimen, and measured the intensity of magnetic field around the 1st thread and 3rd thread of specimen 20 times by using a Gaussmeter(Kanetec Co., Japan). 2. Surgical Procedure - Male rabbit was anesthetised by constant amount of Ketamine (0.25ml/kg) and Rompun (0.25ml/kg). After incising the flat part of tibia, and planted the specimens of titanium implant, control group was stitched without magnet, while experimental groups were placed a magnedisc 500(Aichi Steel Co., Japan) or magnedisc 800(Aichi Steel Co., Japan) into it, fixed by pattern resin and stitched. 3. Management after the surgery - In order to prevent it from the infection of bacteria and for antiinflammation, Gentamycin and Ketopro were injected during 1 week from operation day, and dressed with potadine. 4. Preparation of histomorphometric analysis - At 2, 4 and 8 weeks after the surgery, the animals were sacrificed by excessed Ketamine, and then, specimens were obtained including the operated part and some parts of tibia, and fixed it to 10% of PBS buffer solution. After embedding specimens in Technovit 1200 and B.P solution, made a H-E stain. Samples width was 75$\mu$m . In histological findings through the optical microscope and using Kappa image base program(Olympus Co. Japan), the bone contact ratio and bone area ratio of each parts of specimens were measured and analyzed. 5. Statistical analysis - Statistical analysis was accomplished with Mann Whitney U-test. Results and conclusion. 1. In histomorphometric findings, increased new bone formation was shown in both control & experimental groups through the experiment performed for 2, 4 & 8 weeks. After 4 weeks, more osteoblasts and osteoclasts with significant bone remodeling were shown in experimental groups. 2. In histomorphometric analysis, the bone contact ratios were 38.5% for experimental group 1, 29.5% for experimental group 2 and 11.9% for control group. Experimental groups were higher than control group(p<0.05) (Fig. 6, Table IV). The bone area ratios were 60.9% for experimental group 2, 46.4% for experimental group 1 and 36.0% for control group. There was no significantly statistical difference between experimental groups and control group(p<0.05) (Fig. 8, Table VII) 3. In comparision of the bone contact ratios at each measurement sites according to magnetic intensity, experimental group 2(5.6mT) was higher than control group at the 1st thread (p<0.05) and experimental group 1 (1.8mT) was higher than control group at the 3rd thread(p<0.05) (Fig. 7, Table V, VI). 4. In comparision of the bone area ratios at each measurement sites according to magnetic intensity, experimental group 2(5.6mT) was higher than control group and experimental group 1 (4.0mT) at the 1st thread(p<0.1) and experimental group 2(4.4mT) was higher than experimental group 1 (1.8mT) at the 3rd thread(p<0.1) (Fig. 9, Table IX, X). Experiment group 2 was largest, followed by experiment group l and control group at the 3rd thread of implant. There was a significant difference at the 1st thread of control group & experiment group 2, and at 1st thread & 3rd thread of experiment group 1 & 2, and not at control group experiment group 1.(p<0.1)

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.390-394
• /
• 1993

Background: Bronchiectasis is characterized by chronic sputum production and complications such as hemoptysis and repeated infections. Even though some patients are cured by surgical resection of bronchiectatic lesions, most bronchiectasis patients can not be treated surgically because of multiple site involvement, and they are treated by medical measures such as postura1 drainage and antibiotics when indicated. Recently there have been some reports that low-dose longterm erythromycin treatment is effective on bronchiectsis, and it is well known that low-dose longterm erythromycin treatment is the treatment of choice in diffuse panbronchiolitis which is characterized by chronic sputum production and dyspnea. To evaluate the efficacy of erythromycin, we tried erythromycin on twenty five stable bronchiectasis patients for more than six months. Methods: We tried erythromycin 250 mg b.i.d. for more than 6 months. We checked respiratory symptoms, chest PA, spirometry, and side effects before treatment and after 3 and 6 months of treatment. Results: 1) 32% of the patients showed marked improvement of symptoms and PFT. 32% showed slight improvement of symptoms with little change of PFT, and 36% showed no change of symptoms and signs. 2) Analysis of the patients showing marked improvement revealed that most of them had diffuse bronchiectasis and paranasal sinus involvement. Conclusion: These results suggest that low-dose longterm erythromycin treatment can be tried on diffuse bronchiectasis patients with sinus involvement. And further studies will be followed on the mechanism of erythromycin in bronchiectasis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.460-470
• /
• 1999

Background : In 1993, American Thoracic Society (ATS) recommended a guideline for the initial management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia(CAP). However, etiologic organisms and medical system in Korea seem to be different from those in Western countries. Retrospective analysis was done to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotics chosen by ATS guideline in the treatment of Korean patients with CAP admitted to a tertiary university medical center. Methods : Hospitalized patients with CAP at Samsung Medical Center from April 1997 through March 1998 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who fulfilled all of the following criteria were included in this study : (1) fever ${\geq}38^{\circ}C$ (2) purulent sputum (3) pulmonary infiltrates on chest X-ray. Patients were classified as : 1) ATS group ; patients whose initial antibiotics were chosen by ATS guideline 2) Non-ATS overuse group ; additional antibiotics administered more than those of ATS guideline, and 3) Non-ATS underuse group ; initial antibiotics were insufficient to ATS guideline. Response of empirical antibiotics and etiologic organisms of 3 groups were identified. Results : Sixty-four patients were enrolled. Thirty-six patients were classified into ATS group, 10 patients Non-ATS overuse group, and 18 patients Non-ATS underuse group. Thirty-three patients of 36 ATS group, 9 patients of 10 Non-ATS overuse group, and 14 patients of 18 Non-ATS underuse group showed improvement by initial empirical antibiotics. There was no statistical difference in antibiotic response between 3 groups (p>0.05). S. pneumoniae (12.5%), K. pneumoniae (9.4%), and P. aeruginosa (4.7%), Mycoplasma (3.1%) were the most commonly isolated organisms. In 18 patients with severe CAP, P. aeruginosa was isolated only in 1 patient and Legionella organism not isolated. Conclusion : Initial empirical antibiotics chosen by ATS guideline were effective in the management of Korean patients with CAP admitted to a tertiary hospital. However, well-designed large-scale prospective study is needed to identify etiologic organisms and choose an adequate initial empirical antibiotics in Korean adults patient with severe CAP.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.198-206
• /
• 2000

Background : Pulmonary complications following bonemarrow transplantation (BMT) are common and associated with a high mortality rate. We investigated the yield, safety, and impact of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) for diagnosis of postBMT pneumoniae. Methods : From May 1997 to April 2000, 56 FOBs were performed in 52 post BMT patients for clinical pneumoniae. BMT patients with respiratory symptoms and/or pulmonary infiltrates had a thoracic HRCT(high resolution computed tomography) and bronchoscopic examination including BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage), TBLB (transbronchial lung biopsy), PSB (protected specimen brush). Results : The characteristics of the subjects were as follows : 37 males, 15 females, mean age of 31.3 years(l7-45), 35 sibling donor allogenic BMTs, 15 nonrelated donor allogenic BMTs, and 2 autologous BMTs. Fiftynine percent of FOBs (33 FOBs, 31 patients) were diagnostic. Isolated pathogens included the following : 12 cytomegalovirus (CMV) (21.4 %), 7 pneumocystis carinii (PC) (12.5 %), 11 CMV with PC (19.6 %), 2 Mycobacaterium tuberculosis (3.6%), and 1 streptococcus (1.8%). Most of the radiographic findings were diffuse interstitial lesions. CMV pneumoniae had mainly diffuse interstitial nodular lesion, and PC pneumoniae had diffuse, interstitial ground glass opacity(GGO). When CMV was accompanied by PC, a combined pattern of nodular and GGO was present. Of the 56 cases (23.2%), 13 died of CMV pneumoniae (n=2), PCP (n=2),mixed infection with CMV and PC (n=3), underlying GVHD (n=1), underlying leukemia progression (n=1), or respiratory failure of unknown origin (n=4). There was no major complication by bronchoscopy. Only 3 cases developed minor bleeding and 1 episode temporary hypoxemia. Conclusion : Based on our findings, CMV and PC are the major causes of postBMT pneumoniae. In addition, BAL can be considered a safe and accurate procedure for the evaluation of pulmonary complications after BMT.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.49 no.5
• /
• pp.614-623
• /
• 2000

Background : Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is rare but often fatal. To determine the clinical manifestations of DAH, its etiology, clinical course and prognosis were studied. Method : A retrospective analysis was performed in 21 patients that were diagnosed as DAH. Diagnosis of DAH was based on the presence of the "classical triad" of hemoptysis, anemia, and rapidly progressive infiltrates on chest X-ray and a finding of bronchoalveolar lavage or lung biopsy. Results : Thirteen patients (61.9%) had collagen vascular diseases (CVDs) as underlying disease and 10 patients had systemic lupus erythematosus. Females were more prevalent in CVD than in non-collagen vascular disease (NCVD). Otherwise, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of clinical manifestations. Dyspnea (95.2%), cough (76.2%), hemoptysis (61.9%), and fever (33.0%) were frequent symptoms. The initial creatinine level was higher in CVD than in NCVD ($3.27{\pm}3.15$ mg/dl vs. $1.19{\pm}0.94$ mg/dl, p=0.030). The corresponding drop in hemoglobin level was $2.69{\pm}1.26$ g/dl. Maximal drop in hemoglobin preceded the progression of infiltrates on the chest radiograph by $1.38{\pm}4.22$ days. The mortality rate was higher in the patients with NCVD than in those with CVD (50.0% vs. 23.1%). Conclusion : The DAH can occur not only in patients with CVD but also in those with NCVD. Higher creatinine level CVD in patients is associated with renal involvement in conjunction with DAH. The maximal drop in hemoglobin preceeding the progression of infiltrates on the chest radiograph suggests that the drop in hemoglobin is important for diagnosing DAH.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.35 no.10
• /
• pp.1491-1497
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship among inpatients' perceptions of foodservice quality, satisfaction and revisit intention. Questionnaires were hand-delivered to 350 inpatients and a total of 230 questionnaires were usable (response rate 65.7%), Statistical data analysis was completed using the SPSS Win 11.0 for descriptive analysis, independent t-test, $x^2$ test and k-means cluster analysis. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: The average score of overall importance of meal service in medical service was 4.25 out of 5.0, yet the score of overall quality of meal service and value had lower than importance score. A helpfulness to medical treatment (3.48), bringing customer happiness (3.18), overall satisfaction for foodservice (3.66), satisfaction based on expectation before discharge (3.53) and offering foodservice apt to hospital reputation (3.40) were measured as expressions of satisfaction. As a result of clustering analysis, two clusters were classified and named as affirmative opinion group and negative one. Expectation for four factors of foodservice quality between two groups had no significance. But affirmative opinion group had significantly higher score than negative one in perception and satisfaction. Affirmative customers' intention to revisit in the near future was evaluated as high in both considering general medical service (4.04) and reflecting meal service level (3.84).

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.174-188
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the precision and accuracy of a three dimensional cephalogram constructed by using the frontal and lateral cephalogram of twelve human dry skulls. After achieving the three dimensional image reconstruction program, we tried to apply this program to two dentofacial deformity patients. 1. Conventional nasion relator in cephalostat was used to reproduce the same head position for the same dry skull. The mean difference of the three dimensional cephalogram for the same dry skull was $0.34{\pm}0.33mm$. Closeness of repeated measures to each skull reveals the precision of this method for the three dimensional cephalogram. 2. Concerning the accuracy, the mean difference between the three dimensional reconstruction data and actual lineal measurements was $1.47{\pm}1.45mm$ and the mean magnification ratio was $100.24{\pm}4.68%$. This Diffrerence is attributed mainly to the ill defined cephalometric landmarks, not to the positional change of the dry skull. 3. Cephalometric measurement of lateral and frontal radiographs had no consecutive magnification ratio because of the different focus-object distance. The mean difference between the frontal and lateral cephalogram to the actual lineal measurements was $4.72{\pm}2.01mm$ and $-5.22{\pm}3.36mm$. Vertical measurements were slightly more accurate than horizontal measurements. 4. Applying to the actual patient analysis, it is recommendable to use this program for analyzing the asymmetry or spatial change after operation. The orthodontic bracket would be a favorable cephalometric landmark for constructing the three dimensional images.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.201-218
• /
• 2007

This study is a quasi-experimental study to find out the effect of school library-assisted instruction on middle school students' self-directed learning ability in Home Economics Education. For this purpose, the following research questions were established. 14 hours of school library-assisted instruction and traditional lecture were carried out to 164 9th grade female students(82 of experimental group, 82 of comparison group) of a girls' middle school in Jinju, Gyeongnam. To verify the instructional effect, a pre-test and a post-test for self-directed learning ability were carried out. SPSS 12.0 was used for statistical analysis. For statistical analysis, reliability analysis, frequency analysis, x2-test, t-test, repeated measures-ANOVA, and bivariate analysis were used. The results of this research were as follows: First, there was a statistically significant difference between experimental group and comparison group in the self-directed learning ability in all the subordinate items. Second, the change of self-directed learning ability by grade within the experimental group showed no interactional effect in all the sub-items except problem solving ability. Problem solving ability showed a meaningful difference in the rate of grade rising in accordance with academic achievement level and a higher synergy effect was shown in the low academic achievement group. Third, the experimental group showed a higher rate of rising in the self-directed learning ability than the comparison group, and the low academic achievement group showed a higher rising rate of grade than the high academic achievement group. Based on the results of this research, we concluded that the school library-assisted instruction was effective in enhancing middle school students' self-directed learning ability especially for the low academic achievement group.