• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 2006

Regulatory mechanism for endogenous levels of castasterone (CS) and its biosynthetic precursors in shoots of maize was investigated by the use of enzyme solution prepared from the plant tissue. When [$^2H_0$]- and [$^2H_6$]-CS was used as substrates, [$^2H_0$]-26-norCS and [$^2H_3$]-28-norCS were identified as products, indicating that [$^2H_0$]- and [$^2H_6$]-CS are differently metabolized into [$^2H_0$]-26-norCS and [$^2H_3$]-28-norCS by C-26 and C-28 demethylation, respectively. This suggests that both C-26 and C-28 demethylation can be involved in CS catabolism. In fact that C-28 demethylation only occurred when isotope labeled substrate was used, however, C-26 demethylation is thought be a natural reaction occurred in the maize shoots. When 6-deoxoteasterone (6-deoxoTE) was used, 6-deoxo-26-norTE and 3-dehydro-6-deoxo-26-norTE as well as 6-deoxo-3-dehydroTE and 6-deoxotyphasterol (6-deoxoTY) were identified as enzyme products. When 6-deoxoTY was added, 6-deoxo-26-norTY as well as 6-deoxo-3-dehydroTE and 6-deoxoTE was identified as products. These indicate that C-26 demethylation of 6-deoxoTE, 6-deoxo-3-dehydroTE and 6-deoxoTY as well as a reversible C-3 epimerization from 6-deoxoTE to 6-deoxoTY intermediated by 6-deoxo-3-dehydroTE are operative in the maize shoots, demonstrating that endogenous levels of biosynthetic precursors of CS are also controlled by C-26 demethylation. Therefore, it is thought that C-26 demethylation is an important and a common deactivation process which functions to maintain steady state levels of endogenous brassinosteroids in the maize shoots.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.104-110
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• 1988

The comparative karyological analysis of the Korean treefrog, Hyla japonica and Hyla suweonensis performed by conventional giemsa-staining and NOR-staining method. The karyotypes of both species were the same (2n=24). However, according to the Karyological analysis, the 6th chromosomes of the two species distinctly different. Eventhough the 6th chromosomes of the two species shown the same % length, construction of the 6th chromosome of H.japonica was subtelocentric chromosome while H. suweonensis was submetacentric chromosome. This phenomena could explain that the morphological differences in the 6th chromosomes might be caused by pericentric inversion. The two species have 1 pair of NOR site in the 6th chromosome.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2010

Electrochemical behavior of fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents on carbon paste electrode (CPE) were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry. The fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents tested in this study were Enrofloxacin (ENR), Norfloxacin (NOR), Ciprofloxacin (CIP), Ofloxacin (OFL) and Levofloxacin (LEV). In acetate buffer at pH 4.5, the oxidation peak potentials of the fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents of ENR, NOR, CIP, OFL, and LEV were 0.952 V, 1.052 V, 1.055 V, 0.983 V, and 0.990 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), respectively. And their oxidation peak currents from square wave adsorptive stripping voltammograms are proportional to the concentration of each antibacterial agent over the range from $0.2\;{\mu}M$ to $1\;{\mu}M$.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.161-165
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• 2006

NO and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are contributes to vascular inflammation induced by various stimulation. The mechanism, which explains a linkage between NO and COX-2, could be of importance in promoting pathophysiological conditions of vessel. We investigated the effects of NO donors on the COX-l and COX-2 mRNA/protein expression, as well as the nitrite production in culture medium of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC). VSMC was primarily cultured from thoracic aorta of rat. In this experiments, COX-l and COX-2 mRNA/protein expressions were analysed and nitrite productions were investigated using Griess reagent. VSMC did not express COX-2 protein in basal condition (Nonlipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated). In LPS-stimulated experiments, after 3 hours of NO donor pretreatment, LPS $10{\mu}g/ml$ was treated for 24 hours. COX-l protein expressions were unchanged by SNP and NOR-3. NOR-3 significantly increased COX-2 mRNA/protein expression under LPS stimulation. In contrast, SNP did not increase COX-2 mRNA/protein expression under LPS stimulation. Nitrite production was higher in NOR-3 treatment than SNP treatment under LPS stimulation. These results suggest that the expression of COX-2 in VSMC is regulated by NOR-3, COX-2 expressions were depending on the types of NO donor and LPS stimulation in VSMC.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.95-99
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• 1998

The $^{13}C-NMR$ spectrum of nor-rubrofusarin showing strong radical scavenging effect has been assigned by using HMBC and HMQC experiments.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.361-368
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• 2009

This study was carried out to establish the standard karyotype of Jeju horse by G-, C- and AgNOR-banding patterns. Blood samples were collected from 37 Jeju horses and 24 Thoroughbred that had been raised at the National Institute of Subtropical Agriculture in Jeju. The lymphocytes were cultured in vitro and then chromosomes prepared. The diploid chromosome number of Jeju horse is 64, which consists of 31 pairs of autosomes and X, Y sex chromosomes. The Jeju horse has 13 pairs of metacentric/submetacentric and 18 pairs of acrocentric autosomes. The X chromosome is the fifth largest submetacentric, while the Y chromosome is one of the smallest acrocentric chromosomes. The G-banding pattern of Jeju horse chromosomes showed a light band at centromeres in all autosomes, and also exhibited a typical and identical banding pattern in each homologous chromosome. Overall chromosomal morphology and positions of typical landmarks of the Jeju horse were virtually identical to those of International Committee for the Standardization of the Domestic Horse Karyotype. C-bands of Jeju horse chromosomes appeared on centromeres of almost all autosomes, but chromosome 8 showed a heterochromatin heteromorphism. The NORs in Jeju horse chromosomes showed polymorphic patterns within breed, individuals and cells. By the AgNOR staining, the NORs were located at the terminal of p-arm on chromosome 1 and near centromeres on the chromosome 26 and 31. The mean number of NORs per metaphase was 4.68 in Jeju horse.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.74-77
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• 1969

In this study, three kinds of Korean snake wine (50 V% alcohol extracts) were determined by amino acid analyzer and were discussed as follows. 1. Salmosa Ju and Nungsa Ju were composed of 22 free amino acids: cysteic acid, aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, cystine, valine, methionine, iso-leucine, allo-iso-leucine, leucine, nor-leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, ${\beta}-alanine$, lysine, arginine, histidine, trytophan. 2. Doksa Ju were composed of 21 free amino acids which were all same as above except missing histidine. 3. The free amino acid composition were almost identical in Doksa Ju, Salmosa Ju and Nungsa Ju quantitatively. 4. The contents of cysteic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, valine, leucine and lysine were relatively high, on the other hand, methionine, allo-iso-leucine, nor-leucine, and tryptophan were trace amount in every snake wine. 5. Eleven unknowns of ninhydrin positives were identified in the every snake wine. 6. The free amino acids in snake wines were various in kind as compared with in beer, Japanese sake and Korean Tack Ju. Especially cysteic acid, allo-iso-leucine, nor-leucine and ${\beta}-alanine$ in snake wines were missed in every cereal wine.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

Low-power logic gates, i.e. inverter, NAND, and NOR, are proposed employing only n-channel oxide thin film transistors (TFTs). The proposed circuits were designed to prevent the pull-up and pull-down switches from being turned on simultaneously by using asymmetric feed-through and bootstrapping, thereby exhibited same output voltage swing as the input signal and no static current. The inverter is composed of 5 TFTs and 2 capacitors. The NAND and the NOR gates consist of 10 TFTs and 4 capacitors respectively. The operations of the logic gates were confirmed successfully by SPICE simulation using oxide TFT model.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.96-100
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• 1993

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.901-910
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• 2003

Using the G-, C-, and NOR-banding techniques, a karyotyping for Korean Native Pig was performed. Blood samples were collected from 50 male Korean Native Pigs that had been bred at the National Livestock Research Institute and then blood cells were prepared from in vitro cultures followed by karyotyping; G-, C-, and NOR-banding patterns of metaphase chromosomes were analyzed. The karyotype of Korean Native Pig is 38, XX or XY which consists of 5 pairs of submetacentric chromosomes(Group I), 2 pairs of acrocentric chromosomes with short p-arm(Group II), 5 pairs of medium metacentric chromosomes(Group III), 6 pairs of acrocentric chromosomes(Group IV) and metacentric X and Y sex chromosomes. On GTG-banding, the Korean Native Pig exhibited a typical and identical banding pattern in each homologous chromosomes. Overall chromosomal morphology and positions of typical landmarks of the Korean Native Pig were virtually identical to those of Committee for the Standardized Karyotype of the Domestic Pig(CSKDP). However, numbers of G-bands of the Korean Native Pig chromosomes were more than those of CSKDP. In chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 and X, the Korean Native Pig exhibited more separated bands as compared with CSKDP. In C-banding patterns, although the quantity of heterochromatin was variable in each chromosome, most of the Korean Native Pig chromosomes had heterochromatic C-bands on centromeres. However, the heterochromatic C-band was constantly observed on the whole Y chromosome. In AgNOR staining, the NORs were located at centromeres on the chromosomes 8 and 10. The number of NORs per metaphase ranged from 2 to 4 giving a mean value of 2.13. The number of NORs were distributed on all chromosome pair 10 but not on chromosome 8. The sizes of NORs were also differed between homologous chromosomes 8. Numbers of NORs of Korean Native Pig were significantly higher than those of Yorkshire. The pattern of pig NORs was polymorphic in breeds, individuals and cells, especially on chromosome 8.