• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.5 s.67
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• pp.65-74
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• 2006

As the world approaches to a keen competition for design, corporations began to be interested in CI (Corporate Identity), PI (Product Identity) as a way of enhancing the valve of corporation that has competitive power. PI (Product Identity) leads communication to an affirmative direction that is formed when the consumer uses products and feels the image of corporation. It is said to be important that it is part of synthetic and systematic strategy of corporation to gain an advantage over competitor in the market place with an unified corporate image. Even though mobile phones are sensitively changed according to a trend and public fancy, PI (Product Identity) of mobile phones is also important. The study purports to ascertain the propensity of Nokia's PI (Product Identity) and to analyze their unique PI.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.46-57
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• 2000

Ongoing standardization effort on 3G cellular system in 3GPP (UNTS) is based on GPRS core network and promises a global standard for systems capable of offering ubiquitous access to internet for mobile users. Considered radio access systems(FDD CDMA, TDD CDMA, and EDGE) are optimized for robust mobile use. However, there are alternative relatively high-rate radio interfaces being standardized for WLAN (IEEE802.11 and HIPER-LAN/2) which are capable of delivering significantly higher data rates to static or semi-static terminals with much less overhead. Also WPANs(BLUETOOTH, IEEE802.15), which will be present in virtually every mobile handset in the near future, are offering low cast and considerable access data rate and thus are very attractive for interworking scenarios. The prospect of using these interfaces as alternative RANs inthe modular UMTS architecture is very promising. Additionally, the recent inclusion of M-IP in the UMTS R99 standard opens the way for IP-level interfacing to the core network. This article offers an overview into WLAN-Cellular interworking. A brief overview of GPRS, UMTS cellular architectures and relevant WLAN standards is given. Possible interworking architectures are presented.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.351-360
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• 2001

This paper introduces an approach for providing Location Based Services (LBS) using Spatial Location (SLO) information within the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). The aim of the paper is to set up the framework for providing LBS services in devices connected to wire and wireless IP networks. This method uses SIP as transport and the SLO as data formal inserted in the SIP pay-load. It analyses the relationship among the network elements involved in the architecture, and its functionality fur providing access to network services regardless of the user location. In conclusion, this proposal enables SIP to support location-related services such as messaging, location-based commerce, and any location-based computing. Furthermore, it describes the advantage of adding the user location information network resources optimization in mobile environments and future networks.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.156-162
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• 2008

Cooperative relays can provide spatial diversity and improve performance of wireless communications. In this paper, we study subcarrier power allocation at the relays for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless systems. For cooperative relay with amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) algorithms, we investigate the impact of power allocation to the mutual information between the source and destination. From our simulation results on word~error-rate (WER) performance, we find that the DF algorithm with power allocation provides better performance than that of AF algorithm in a single path relay network because the former is able to eliminate channel noise at each relay. For the multiple path relay network, however, the network structure is already resistant to noise and channel distortion, and AF approach is a more attractive choice due to its lower complexity.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.52-65
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• 2020

This study aims to find the major creative ideation patterns embedded in the commercially valuable patents in the mobile communication industry. For the purpose, we analyze 171 cases of the patent infringement lawsuit filed by Nokia in the United States. It is examined that what kind of TRIZ inventive principles and SIT thinking tools were applied to resolve technical contractions in each of the 171 cases respectively. Among the 40 inventive principles of TRIZ, 'feedback' principle was used mostly and 'division' principle the next. Among the 5 thinking tools of SIT, 'attribute dependency' mostly used, and 'division' the next. This suggests that what kind of inventive principles or thinking tools should be considered preferentially to resolve technical contradictions in practically important technical problems in the mobile communication industry.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.120-132
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to introduce the implementation of WML and WMLScript by using the Openwave WAP simulator. For this purpose, previous literature review was done on the studies about the structures of WAP systems, types of WAP Browsers, and development methods of WAP contents. Afterwards, I attempt to implement WML and WMLScript by using an openwave Phone simulator, openwave WAP simulator, openwave HTTP simulator and Nokia Mobile Internet Toolkit. Few studies have been completed on implementation of WMLScript and it's complex process. Therefore, this study explores the necessary implementation steps and develops an easier way to create and experiment mobile applications using WMLScript.

• 정보화사회
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• s.166
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• pp.18-23
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• 2004

이제는 LBS가 일반적인 서비스의 한 부분으로 정착되어 많은 사업자와 사용자로부터 주목을 받고 있으며, 향후 '킬러 어플리케이션' 영역으로 기대되고 있다. 유럽의 통신업체인 Nokia는 2010년 경에는 LBS 요금이 전체 사용금액의 20%를 상회할 것으로 예측하고 있다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.345-359
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• 2011

Decode-and-forward relaying is a promising enhancement to existing radio access networks and is already standardized in 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) as a part of long term evolution (LTE)-Advanced Release 10. Two inband operation modes of relay nodes are supported, namely type 1 and type lb. Relay nodes promise to offer considerable gain for system capacity or coverage, depending on the deployment prioritization, in a cost-efficient way. Yet, in order to fully exploit the benefits of relaying, the inter-cell interference which is increased due to the presence of relay nodes should be limited. Moreover, large differences in the received power levels from different users should be avoided. The goal is to keep the receiver dynamic range low in order to retain the orthogonality of the single carrier-frequency division multiple access system. In this paper, an evaluation of the relay based heterogeneous deployment within the LTE-Advanced uplink framework is carried out by applying the standardized LTE Release 8 power control scheme both at evolved node B and relay nodes. In order to enhance the overall system performance, different power control optimization strategies are proposed for 3GPP urban and suburban scenarios. A comparison between type 1 and type 1b relay nodes is as well presented to study the effect of the relaying overhead on the system performance in inband relay deployments. Comprehensive system level simulations show that the power control is a crucial means to increase the cell edge and system capacities, to mitigate inter-cell interference and to adjust the receiver dynamic range for both relay node types.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.4296-4309
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• 2010

Globally Integrated Enterprise(GIE) has recently emerged as a popular concept in multinational enterprises(MNEs). In this paper, we use the AAA triangle in order to explain the degrees of adaptation, aggregation and arbitrage in IBM, P&G and NOKIA. The AAA triangle provides a basis for understanding GIE on the topic. This research also examines IT collaboration in order to provide practical guidance for implementation of AAA triangle. From the case study, several results are derived. First, we suggest a step-by-step approach for GIE to enhance global value creation with a situation. Second, we emphasize the importance of IT collaboration in process of introducing the AAA strategies. We believe that the issues we have raised in this paper will be useful to MNEs. In terms of the AAA triangle, this would be best thought of as a lateral shift to a new area of business, where the organization would have more of a competitive advantage.

• Digital Contents
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• no.7 s.122
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• pp.26-27
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• 2003

유럽 모바일 콘텐츠 산업은 한국, 일본에 비해서 뒤져있지만, 여러 국가들의 다양한 시도로 인해 미국, 중국에 비해 발달돼 있는 지역이다. 지난달 한국소프트웨어진흥원과 KOTRA에서 국내 모바일 콘텐츠의 해외진출을 지원하기 위해 6월 11일부터 일주일간에 걸쳐 세계 최대 핸드폰 제조업체인 Nokia와 최대 이동통신사인 Vofafone의 본고장인 유럽 지역의 순방에 나섰다.