• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

Objectives : This experimental study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effects of combination with Korean red ginseng and Gastrodia rhizoma on vascular dysfunction in high-fat/cholesterol diet-induced hyperlipidemia. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with 7.5% cocoa butter and 1.25% cholesterol for 10 weeks, with Panax ginseng (PG), and mixtures of Panax ginseng and Gastrodia rhizoma (PGM), respectively. Results : Chronic treatment with PG and PGM significantly decreased body weight. The aortic expression of cell adhesion molecules such as intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin were markedly increased in hyperlipidemia rats. Interestingly, PGM significantly decreased cell adhesion molecules expression. However, there was no significant decrease in PG group. In addition, PG and PGM group inhibited high-fat/cholesterol diet-induced cytokine such as monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) mRNA expression. Furthermore, PG and PGM group significantly decreased c-reactive protein protein (CRP) level. Especially, PGM significantly accentuated the decrease of MCP-1 mRNA expression and CRP level. Conclusions : the present study provides an evidence that combination with Panax ginseng and Gastrodia rhizoma enhances anti-vascular protective effects through suppression of vascular inflammation in hyperlipidemic rats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.919-928
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• 2011

The pig exhibits true epitheliochorial placentation, where the fetal membrane maintains attachment throughout pregnancy but does not invade into the maternal uterine endometrium. Accordingly, the expression and function of cell adhesion molecules are very important for embryo implantation and the establishment of pregnancy. In our recent microarray analysis, we found that activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) was expressed in the uterine endometrium during pregnancy in pigs. To better understand the roles of ALCAM in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, we examined ALCAM expression in the uterine endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in pigs. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that ALCAM was differentially expressed in the uterine endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy, with the highest levels on D12 of pregnancy. ALCAM mRNA was localized to the luminal and glandular epithelial cells and to the trophectoderm of conceptuses during early pregnancy. The steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone had no effect on ALCAM expression in an endometrial explant culture study. Further, we found that ALCAM expression in the uterine endometrium from gilts with somatic cell nuclear transfer-derived embryos was not different from that in gilts with embryos from natural mating. ALCAM was expressed in a pregnancy stage- and cell type-specific manner in the uterine endometrium and conceptuses during pregnancy. These findings suggest that ALCAM may play a role in the establishment of pregnancy. Further analysis of ALCAM will provide insight into the implantation process and establishment of pregnancy in pigs.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.1475-1481
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• 2008

B3 antibody specifically binds the $Lewis^Y$-related carbohydrate antigen of many carcinomas, and it is used as a model antibody in this study. In a previous study, the Fab fragment of the antibody was fused to a 38 kDa truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin A, PE38, to make Fab-PE38, where PE38 is fused to the Fd fragment of the Fab domain. This parent monomer molecule, Fab-PE38, had no cysteine in the hinge region, and it could not make a disulfide bond to form a disulfide bond bridged homodimer. In this study, we constructed three different kinds of divalent Fab-toxin fusion homodimers where the toxin is fused to the light chain of Fab, $(Fab-PE38fl)_2$. In addition to the PE38 toxin fused to the light chain, these three molecules have different hinge sequences hi, h2, and h3 making Fabh1-, Fabh2-, and Fabh3-PE38fl monomers, respectively. These hinges contain only one cysteine on different positions of the hinge sequence. The disulfide bond between the hinge region of two monomers forms homodimers $(Fabh1-PE38fl)_2$, $(Fabh2-PE38fl)_2$, and $(Fabh3-PE38fl)_2$. The refolding yields of these dimers were 5-16-fold higher than a previously constructed dimer where the PE38 was fused to the Fd fragment $(Fabh2-PE38)_2$ [8]. Our data suggest that the steric repulsion between the two PE38s in $(Fabh1-PE38)_2$ during disulfide bridge formation is relieved by fusing it at the end of the light chain. The best cytotoxicity value of these dimers showed about 2.5-fold higher on an MCF7 cell line than that of the monovalent reference molecule in ng/ml scale, which is 15-fold higher in pM scale.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.130-135
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• 1990

Z-3-파라-톨리치오-4-니트로-3-헥센의 결정은 단사정계에 속하며 a = 13.756 (3), b = 9.310(4), c = 21.305(3) $\AA$, $\beta = 95.0_{\circ}$이며 단위세포안에 8개의 분자가 있으며 2.0$\sigma$(I) 보다 큰 강도를 가진 2935개의 회절반점에 대하여 계단식 대각 최서자승법에 의하여 정밀화된 최종 R값은 0.085이다. 직접법에 의하여 구조를 풀었으며 C-H결합길이와 메칠기는 길이를 고정시켜 이상적인 기하학적구조에 맞도록 하여 계산을 정밀화하였다. 두 분자 A와 B는 끝의 두 에칠기를 제외하고는 거의 유사한 구조를 갖고 있다. 니트로기를 포함한 에틸렌 모양의 골격은 메칠벤젠기에 거의 수직으로 되어 있으며 두 에틸기는 시스-형 구조를 가지고 있으나 끝부분의 메칠기는 A분자에서는 그의 골격에 대해 서로 반대방향으로 향하고 있고 B분자는 같은 방향으로 향하고 있다. 결정내 분자들은 비결합성 van der Waals힘으로 쌓여져 있다.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2000

The photosensory ciliates Blepharisma japonicum and Stentor coeruleus use the hypericin-derived pigments blepharismin and stentorin, respectively, as photoreceptor chromophores. Fluorescence quenching studies have shown that the first excited singlet state of hypericin and the purified chromophores blepharismin and stentorin can be deactivated by electron transfer to an acceptor molecule with a suitable reducing potential [1,2]. This paper reports the result of a series of photobehavioral experiments performed with the aim to ascertain if the same electron accepters which quench the photoreceptor pigment fluorescence in vitro may also compete with the native acceptor molecule in its natural physiological environment. Individual cell trajectories were examined before and after light stimulation, in the presence and in the absence of potential "in vivo" electron accepters, with a microvideo-recording apparatus. Our data, on Blepharisma cells, showed that as the negative reduction potential of the electron acceptor increases, a pronounced decrease in cell photoresponsiveness was detected. A dramatic effect on cell photoresponsiveness was noticed in the presence of 1,4-benzoquinone that has the lowest negative reduction potential. Such an effect on the percentage of photoreacting cells was moderate in the case of 1,4-naphthoquinone, with a relatively higher negative reduction potential. In the presence of benzophenone, which has the highest negative reduction potential, no significant effect on photoreacting cells was noticed. Our results can support the hypothesis that in the pigment granules such a light-induced charge transfer from excited blepharismin to a suitable electron acceptor triggers sensory transduction processes in B. japonicum.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2005

It becomes more concerned that the cell adhesion molecule plays an important role in the process of malignant transformation and tumor behaviors including invasive growth and metastasis. It is postulated if the expression of adhesion molecule is reduced in tumor tissue, the tumor cell will be undifferentiated and lose their cell adhesion ability and polarity. So the tumor cells lost the adhesion of cell to cell and to basement membrane that they became more aggressive. Reduced cadherin expression enhances invasiveness through infiltrative growth and metastasis of tumor cells is well known and mostly accepted in many epithelia tumors. We explored the expression of E-cadherin by immunohistochemical staining in 50 oral squamous cell carcinomas and investigated the correlation between the expression of E-cadherin and clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis. The expression of E-cadherin was reduced in 40/50(80%) of primary tumors, and 21/22(95.5%) of lymph nodes. The reduced expression of the E-cadherin was associated with lymph node metastasis(P=0.029), invasive mode(P=0.030) and marginal status(P=0.038). Survival analysis showed that predictive period of E-cadherin reduced group(37 months) was lower than that of E-cadherin preserved group(60 months), but there was no statistical significant difference.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2009년도 9th International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.610-613
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• 2009

New rod-disc liquid crystal (LC) molecule RD12 (12 is the number of carbon atoms between the rod and disc mesogenic liquid crystals) was synthesized via the chemical attachment of six cyanobiphenly calamitic mesogens linked to the triphenyl discotic mesogen with six alkyl chain linkage. Aligning characteristics associated with homogenous alignment is investigated at first and then field-dependent molecular reorientation under a vertical electric field is studied. Interestingly, they show abnormal slow molecular transition from initiate state (no electric field condition) to certain voltage. In this condition, we observe the molecular competition during reorientation. However, once a tilting direction of disk molecules are defined, the frustration is not observed anymore. The origin of this phenomenon is explained with a suggested model for the first time.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.784-792
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• 2009

본 연구는 과학 교사들의 과학과 교수 . 학습 설계 시 도움이 되는 자료를 제공하기 위하여 각 시-도 교수학습지원센터와 서울특별시과학전시관 홈페이지에 게재되어 있는 교수-학습 과정안에 나타나는 교육과정 위계 부적합 사례를 조사하였다. 교육과정 위계 부적합 사례는 7학년 ‘물질의 세 가지 상태’ 단원에 한정하였으며, 분석에 사용한 내용 요소는 물질의 상태 변화, 분자, 분자 모형이었다. 그 결과 교육과정 위계 부적합 사례에 해당하는 내용 요소는 ‘물질의 상태 변화’에서는 플라즈마, 상평형, 눈이 생기는 현상, 물의 특이성, 결정성과 비결정성 고체의 분류, 열에너지, 물리 변화 등 7종류였으며, ‘분자 모형’에서는 분자 운동, 밀도가 발견되었다. 그리고 ‘분자’에서는 교육과정 위계 부적합 사례가 발견되지 않았다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose to evaluate the effect of resistin-like molecule alpha ($Relm{\alpha}$) on the progression of anemia of inflammation. Anemia of inflammation is a common feature of inflammatory disorders, including chronic kidney disease, infections, and rheumatoid arthritis. $Relm{\alpha}$ is highly up-regulated in various inflammatory states, especially those involving asthma, intestinal inflammation, and parasitic diseases, and regulates the pathogenesis of those diseases. However, the role of $Relm{\alpha}$ in anemia of inflammation is unknown. To explore the roles of $Relm{\alpha}$ in anemia of inflammation in vivo, we generated mouse model of the disease by injecting 0.25 mg/kg lipopolysaccharides (LPS) intraperitoneally into $Relm{\alpha}-deficient$ and wild-type (WT) mice daily for 10 days. Research data was expressed as differences between LPS-treated $Relm{\alpha}-deficient$ and WT mice by a two-tailed non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test using GraphPad Instat program. The results of the study are as follows: LPS-treated $Relm{\alpha}-deficient$ mice had significantly (p<0.05) lower hemoglobin contents, hematocrit levels and red blood cell indices including mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin than WT controls. This decrease was accompanied by significant (p<0.05) increase in total white blood cell and monocyte counts in the blood. However, there was no significant difference in mRNA levels of hepatic hepcidin and renal erythropoietin between the two animal groups. Taken together, these results indicates that $Relm{\alpha}$ deficiency exacerbates the anemia by increasing inflammation, suggesting therapeutic value of $Relm{\alpha}$ in the treatment of anemia of inflammation.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2009

Silicon dioxide as gate dielectrics was grown at $400^{\circ}C$ on a polycrystalline Si substrate by inductively coupled plasma oxidation using a mixture of $O_2$ and $N_2O$ to improve the performance of polycrystalline Si thin film transistors. In conventional high-temperature $N_2O$ annealing, nitrogen can be supplied to the $Si/SiO_2$ interface because a NO molecule can diffuse through the oxide. However, it was found that nitrogen cannot be supplied to the Si/$SiO_2$ interface by plasma oxidation as the $N_2O$ molecule is broken in the plasma and because a dense Si-N bond is formed at the $SiO_2$ surface, preventing further diffusion of nitrogen into the oxide. Nitrogen was added to the $Si/SiO_2$ interface by the plasma oxidation of mixtures of $O_2/N_2O$ gas, leading to an enhancement of the field effect mobility of polycrystalline Si TFTs due to the reduction in the number of trap densities at the interface and at the Si grain boundaries due to nitrogen passivation.